Annex – New York Declaration on the Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine and the Implementation of the Two-State Solution (A/CONF.243/2025/1/Add.1)

06 August 2025

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High-level International Conference for the Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine and the Implementation of the Two-State Solution

New York Declaration on the Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine and the Implementation of the Two-State Solution

Note by the Co-Chairs

Addendum

The present addendum contains the annex to the New York Declaration on the Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine and the Implementation of the Two-State Solution. It provides a summary of the range of proposals and recommendations received from States through the working groups of the Conference, to serve as the basis for further joint deliberation, discussion and action, in line with resolution 79/81 adopted by the General Assembly on 3 December 2024.

Annex

Ending the War in Gaza and securing the day after for Palestinians and Israelis

Ceasefire

• Permanent ceasefire: Demand and determined to act for an immediate and permanent ceasefire, the release of all hostages, the exchange of Palestinian prisoners, the return of all remains, the delivery of aid at scale throughout the Gaza Strip, in coordination with the UN, and the full withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza, in line with UNSC 2735, and expressing support for the mediation efforts of Egypt, Qatar and USA in this regard.
• Unification of the Gaza Strip with the West Bank: Support to the unification of the Gaza Strip, which constitutes an integral part of the Palestinian State, with the West Bank, and opposition to occupation, siege, territorial reduction, or forced displacement.
• Transitional Administrative Committee: Support to the establishment of a transitional administrative committee to operate in Gaza under the umbrella of the Palestinian Authority for a short temporary period.
• PA’s sole governance and security responsibilities: Providing political, financial, institutional, security and technical support to the Palestinian Authority in exercising its sole governance and security responsibilities in the Gaza Strip.

Security

• UN Stabilization Mission: Deployment of an international stabilization mission upon invitation by the Palestinian Authority and under the aegis of the United Nations, building on existing UN capacities, and with forces to be mandated by the UN Security Council, with appropriate regional and international support, to protect the civilian population, uphold the ceasefire agreement, support the efforts of the PA to restore order, including by providing effective support to PA Security Forces, and provide guarantees for the security of both parties within their respective territories.
• Border security: Enhance border security, through relevant international missions and enhanced cooperation with regional and international partners.
• Empower Palestinian Security Forces: Provide support to the Palestinian security forces, through funding program and capacity building, with appropriate training, equipment, recruitment, vetting and advising, promoting a security culture firmly rooted in the rule of law and respect for human rights.
• Unified law enforcement architecture: In the context of the realization of a sovereign and independent Palestine state, support the establishment of a unified, Palestinian-led security framework, which will support the institutional unification of Gaza with the West Bank’s law enforcement architecture, ensuring coherence, accountability, and national ownership. Governance, and law enforcement and security across all Palestinian territory must lie solely with the Palestinian Authority, with appropriate international support, in accordance to the “one state, one government, one law, one gun” policy of the Palestinian Authority. Therefore, Hamas must end its role in Gaza, and handover its weapons to the Palestinian Authority with possible international engagement and support.
• Lessons learnt: Adapt the lessons learnt from missions such as UNMIK, UNIFIL and UNDOF to the unique dynamics, sensitivities, and operational requirements of the Israeli-Palestinian context.
• Comprehensive ceasefire: Contribute to enacting a permanent and comprehensive ceasefire across all of the OPT.
• Security guarantees: Address the security concerns of Israel and Palestine, in accordance with international law, and provide credible security guarantees for both sides in line with the objective of implementing the two-State solution based on the 1967 lines, with a sovereign Palestinian State living side by side with Israel, and of ensuring sustainable regional stability.

Humanitarian response

• Aid delivery in line with humanitarian principles: Support the UN-led humanitarian response in the OPT and ensure that aid delivery complies with IHL and adheres to the humanitarian principles and use political and legal avenues to oppose any mechanism that restricts the flow of aid and politicization, militarization or instrumentalization of humanitarian assistance, with emphasis that aid must be based on need and not on political or military purposes and reject the use of starvation and thirst as weapons of war.
• Israel’s obligation to facilitate humanitarian access: Ensure Israel abides by its legal obligations as the Occupying Power to allow and facilitate full and unhindered humanitarian access, in line with IHL, including for all border crossings with Gaza to be open immediately and ensure access for humanitarian, medical and commercial goods and basic services as called for by the UN and humanitarian community, including temporary shelters and equipment for rubble removal, and use all tools and political, legal and material avenues to do this, and follow-up on the upcoming ICJ advisory opinion on the matter.
• Restore Basic Services in Gaza: Engage with Israel to restore basic services in Gaza, including electricity and water, and to allow the entry of fuel, materials, and other essential commodities. Overhaul the implementation of the dual-use goods policy to ensure timely access to necessary supplies.
• Protection of civilians and civilian objects: Condemn attacks against civilians, including humanitarian and UN personnel, and against civilian objects, including humanitarian installations and facilities, notably those indispensable to the survival of the civilian population, and ensure their protection and accountability for those responsible for attacks and prevent future occurrences.
• Teams of experts: In full coordination with the PA and the UN, to deploy teams of experts, focused on logistics and police training, to ensure unhindered delivery of aid, safe passage and protection of humanitarian personnel, goods and reconstruction material, and supporting recovery and reconstruction process in Gaza, to enhance neutral, independent and impartial humanitarian assistance.
• Work and residency permits: Commit to advocate for the necessary work and residency permits to be delivered to the UN, humanitarian actors, and medical personnel throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory.
• Palestinian humanitarians: Provide support to the Palestinian Red Crescent, as well as the Palestinian health and humanitarian personnel. Support the United Nations and its specialized agencies, including UNRWA, in coordinating and delivering the humanitarian response through a range of humanitarian partners, and ensure safety of all workers involved and act to counter mis- and disinformation campaigns and attacks against the UN, including UNRWA, health workers and humanitarians.
• Humanitarian funding: Continue to provide humanitarian fund, including through flexible multi-year funding, to enable an agile response in line with UN requests, including UNRWA.
• Reversing UNRWA ban: Launch a unified diplomatic campaign involving key players to pressure Israel to repeal its legislation against UNRWA and take measures in case of continued refusal.
• Upholding UN privileges and immunities: Uphold Israel’s legal obligation, under the UN Charter, relevant GA resolutions and The Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, to protect and facilitate the work of UN agencies, including UNRWA, and allowing them to deliver on their mandate and respect their privileges and immunities.
• Increased funding to UNRWA: Stabilize UNRWA’s financial situation by increasing financial support to UNRWA, recognizing its critical role in delivering state-like basic services for Palestine refugees and in emergency situations, with calls for more donors to support UNRWA’s activities to diversify funding streams and by urging partners to reverse funding suspensions as a practical step toward Gaza’s reconstruction and stability and by implementing recommendations contained in the SG report A/71/849 of 2017.
• Implementation of Colonna report’s recommendations: Support UNRWA’s implementation of the Colonna Report’s recommendations.

Gaza recovery and reconstruction plan

• Mobilize resources for implementation of the plan: Provide political, financial and technical support and mobilize all forms of assistance to the urgent implementation of the Arab-OIC Gaza recovery and reconstruction plan to allow early recovery and reconstruction in the Gaza Strip, while ensuring that Palestinians remain in their land and that this recovery and reconstruction process contributes to the materialization of an independent and sovereign State of Palestine of which the Gaza Strip is an integral part.
• Unobstructed aid: Ensure humanitarian and reconstruction aid access without obstruction.
• Cairo Conference: Participate in the Cairo Conference to mobilize concrete support for the plan.
• PFRD multi-donor trust fund: Contribute to the planned recovery and reconstruction initiatives by providing funding to the Palestinian Fund for Reconstruction and Development (PFRD) Multi Donor Trust Fund, recently established under the World Bank, and the other Trust Funds planned to be established by the EU, UN and the Arab States.
• Palestinian-led recovery and reconstruction: Empower the Palestinian Authority in leading the implementation of the recovery and reconstruction plan, and provide it with political, financial and technical support and capacity building and ensure that all recovery and reconstruction efforts are fully coordinated with and through the Palestinian Government.
• First-phase recovery efforts: Support urgent first-phase recovery efforts in Gaza by addressing environmental hazards, including debris removal, hazardous waste disposal, and UXO clearance to restore basic services and critical infrastructure.
• Housing: Prioritize sustainable, resilient, and inclusive reconstruction of the housing sector in Gaza to address the massive scale of destruction and displacement, and repair damaged housing units and deploy mobile housing units to provide immediate shelter to families during the initial recovery phase.
• Social protection: Strengthen social protection systems in Gaza by expanding universal coverage for conflict-affected populations, prioritizing the most vulnerable groups, and addressing acute poverty and food insecurity. Recovery efforts should focus on rebuilding social service centers.
• Health services: Support restoring essential health services in Gaza, including by deploying temporary facilities and field hospitals, repairing and reopening hospitals and wards, reactivating referral pathways within the Gaza Strip and outside the strip (medevac) to ensure continuity of care, scaling up human resources for health to replace the substantial number of healthcare workers who were killed, injured, or displaced, enhancing preparedness for emerging public health emergencies, and expanding vaccination and nutrition programs for vulnerable groups to ensure inclusive and resilient healthcare.
• Education: Ensure continuity of education in Gaza, including by establishing temporary learning spaces, reclaiming schools used as shelters when possible, and equipping teachers with materials to address learning and psychosocial needs of students. Support remote learning in higher education and TVET through investment in digital infrastructure, connectivity, and instructional capacity.
• Water and wastewater: Support stabilizing essential water and wastewater services in Gaza to address immediate humanitarian needs, including by repairing damaged infrastructure, deploying temporary solutions such as mobile desalination units and emergency drainage systems, and ensuring continuous water distribution including to displaced and vulnerable populations.
• Energy: Support stabilizing energy infrastructure in the Gaza Strip, including by ensuring fuel supply to critical facilities, deploying backup power solutions for health and shelter services, and initiating urgent repairs based on damage assessments.
• Reviving Palestinian economy: Ensure that the plan contributes to reviving the Palestinian economy, providing job opportunities and improving humanitarian and living conditions, including through green lanes humanitarian mechanisms throughout the Gaza Strip.
• Best practices: Draw upon lessons and good practices from previous reconstruction efforts in Gaza and globally.

Humanitarian situation in the West Bank

• Rehabilitating critical emergency infrastructure: Support the Palestinian Government’s priorities in rehabilitating critical emergency infrastructure in the West Bank to restore basic services, by removing rubble, repairing roads, and improving water, sanitation, and solid waste management systems and using solar energy solutions to enhance the sustainability and continuity of public services.
• Shelter: While fully supporting the return of Palestinians to their homes in the West Bank–prior to the recent war in Gaza-, and until reconstruction, to address urgent shelter needs to respond to large-scale displacement in the northern West Bank, including by providing emergency shelter kits, and transitional housing solutions for displaced families. Support restoration of partially damaged homes through self-help programs and deploy prefabricated housing units. Prepare public land for temporary transitional shelters in safe, accessible locations to ensure safety, dignity, and well-being until reconstruction.
• Resilience of Palestinian communities: Provide political and financial support to the PA institutions, Palestinian communities, humanitarian operations and actors, Palestinian NGOs to consolidate the resilience of the Palestinian people. Protect Palestinian communities experiencing or under threat of forcible displacement, through political, legal, financial means, including to deter attacks against them, whether by Israeli forces or Israeli settlers, and by supporting the requisite infrastructure.
• Social protection: Support expanding social protection in the West Bank, by providing various forms of assistance, including cash assistance – through the national social assistance program – food parcels, and essential non-food items to ensure access to basic needs and essential services.
• Education: Support where interrupted or obstructed the restoration of education in the West Bank by creating safe and inclusive learning environments, including through providing educational equipment, deploying substitute teachers in areas with limited access, and rehabilitating schools. Expand access to higher education by supporting scholarships, reducing financial burdens, and offering vocational counseling and training, among other measures, to address conflict impacts and ensure long-term economic capacity.
• Health services: Support where interrupted or obstructed restoring health care services in the West Bank, including by providing mobile medical units, rehabilitating primary healthcare centers, and expanding psychosocial support services, particularly for affected women and children, to address disruptions caused by systematic attacks on health infrastructure.
• Economic recovery: Support economic recovery in the West Bank by supporting the Palestinian Authority’s priorities to address the economic impact of the crisis and promote early recovery and restore local livelihoods and food security disrupted by military operations and movement restrictions.

Empowering a sovereign, unified and economically viable State of Palestine, living side by side, in peace and security with Israel

Realization of a sovereign, unified and independent Palestinian State

• Right of the Palestinian people to self-determination: Call for universal endorsement of the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, including the right to their independent State, comprising the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip, living side by side with Israel, and promote, through joint and separate action this right, and ensure, while respecting the Charter of the United Nations and international law, that any impediment resulting from the illegal presence of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory to the exercise of the Palestinian people of its right to self-determination is brought to an end.
• Ending the Israeli occupation: Bring to an end the Israeli occupation over the Palestinian territory occupied in 1967, including East Jerusalem, in all its manifestations, including the settlements and their associated regime.
• Implementing the two-State solution: Support the two-State solution based on the 1967 lines, leading to the materialization of an independent, sovereign, and geographically contiguous Palestinian State, living side by side, in peace and security with Israel, as the only viable path to achieving just and lasting peace in the Middle East, in accordance with international law, and utilize all available avenues and mechanisms, in line with international law, and the UN Charter, to advance this objective.
• Recognition: Recognition of the State of Palestine as an expression of support to the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination and to protect and preserve the two-State solution, building on various initiatives, including the Madrid+ initiative.
• Admission: Support the State of Palestine’s admission to full membership in the international organizations and bodies, including full United Nations membership.
• National, regional and multilateral initiatives: Take national initiatives and engage in regional and multilateral initiatives, to realize a sovereign and independent Palestinian State and to implement the two-State solution.
• One State, One Government, One Law, One Gun: Provide political, financial, institutional, security and technical support to the Palestinian Authority to implement its “One State, One Government, One Law, One Gun” policy throughout the OPT, unifying the West Bank and the Gaza Strip under a single, legitimate, and democratic national government.
• Sovereignty over its territory: Provide the required assistance to Palestine to exercise its sovereignty over its territory, maritime space, airspace, its borders with Egypt, Jordan and Israel, including through political, legal and financial measures, capacity building and international monitoring.
• Connected Palestine: Connecting Palestine to the region and the world through the establishment of airports and ports, roads and railways, as well as through relevant grids and networks, with regional and international support.
• Territorial link: Support planning and implementation of a multi-purpose permanent territorial link between the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.
• Ending seizure and fragmentation of Palestinian land: Ensure reversal and end of policies and practices that unlawfully seize Palestinian land and fragment the Palestinian territory, including settlements and their associated regime and the restrictions on movement and access.
• Permanent sovereignty over natural resources: Support the permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people over their natural resources, and their ability to explore, develop, and dispose of these natural resources, and prevent any exploitation of these resources without the consent of Palestine.
• Sovereignty over essential utilities: Strengthen Palestine’s sovereignty and control over essential utilities such as electricity, fuel, water, and telecommunications including by supporting the development and rehabilitation of critical infrastructure. This includes investments in energy security and renewable energy projects.
• Palestinian ownership over taxation: Set up a Palestinian mechanism with international support that ensures Palestinian ownership over taxation.
• Control over civilian affairs: Support Palestinian control over the population registry, the issuance of passports and IDs and over family reunification.
• Security capability: Launching a robust international coordination framework for initiatives aimed at supporting the PA in developing unified and efficient security and policing structures towards a sovereign Palestinian State, and preparing them for their duties upon independence.
• Financial and capacity-building support: Enhance sustained, predictable financial and capacity-building support to the Palestinian Authority to strengthen institutions, promote national unity, and enhance governance.
• Constitution and laws: Support the drafting of a Palestinian constitution and unification of laws across the OPT and harmonization of these laws with the Palestinian Declaration of Independence and the State of Palestine’s international commitments.
• Elections: International support for holding within one year democratic and transparent general and presidential elections throughout the OPT, including East Jerusalem, in line with previously held elections and support to the revision of the electoral law to allow the participation of all candidates and parties that accept the PLO programme.

Support implementation of the PA’s reform agenda towards an economically viable State of Palestine

• Mobilize Resources to foster economic recovery and resilience: Secure necessary resources, including timely financing at scale from the broader international community to the EU multiannual Comprehensive Support Programme tied to the Palestinian reform process, to foster economic recovery and resilience. This is linked to the PA reform effort as articulated in EC reform matrix to address the concurrent crises, including fiscal crisis, accumulated debt, arrears of the PA, and recession, in a comprehensive manner.
• Enhance Financial Support to Palestine: Increase financial support to Palestine, including budget assistance and other forms of direct aid, to bolster the financial capacity of the PA.
• International Donors’ Meeting: Hold an International Donors meeting/pledging Conference as soon as possible with the aim of mobilizing an urgent international response to support the Palestinian Authority’s budget and enhance its financial and economic capacity through a multi-year framework that provides the necessary funding for the reform and development process, strengthens the institutional capacity of the Palestinian State, and enhances its ability to deliver services and achieve financial stability.
• Establish a New Framework for Clearance Revenue Transfers: Develop an internationally agreed framework to ensure a predictable and full transfer of Palestinian clearance revenues (i.e. taxes and custom revenues on Palestinian activity) to the PA, with the ultimate goal of facilitating the PA’s full ownership over taxation.
• Correspondent banking relations: Finding a long-term solution to the correspondent banking relationship between Palestinian and Israeli banks, and the problem of excess Shekels building up in the vaults of Palestinian banks is required. Internationalise arrangements for the remittance of cash currency from Palestinian banks to Israel to minimize the risk of these funds to be politicized or instrumentalized.
• Fully Integrate Palestine into the International and Monetary Financial System: Explore ways to integrate Palestine into the international financial architecture to enhance the PA’s access to concessional financing, including through the State of Palestine’s full membership within institutions such as the World Bank and the IMF.
• Provide Technical and Capacity-Building Assistance: Deliver technical assistance, capacity-building programs, on-job-training, scholarships, and professional exchanges for Palestinian civil officials, including those in the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Economy, Customs, Tax Agencies, Palestinian Monetary Authority (PMA) and Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). These efforts aim to support the implementation of the Palestinian reform program, improve revenue collection, spending efficiency, public financial management (PFM), and establish a sustainable economy.
• Contribute to Employment Initiatives: Financially support the Palestinian Employment Initiative “Rebuilding Futures”, and the World Bank’s Social Recovery and Job Creation Project that has been co-designed with the PA. These initiatives will create sustainable employment opportunities and will complement the work of UNDP and UNRWA.
• Infrastructure projects: Support joint infrastructure projects in water, energy, transportation, and digital connectivity to promote Palestinian development.
• Transfer Clearance Revenues: Demand and secure the immediate and full transfer of clearance revenues owned by the PA. Ensure compliance with the previously agreed reduction of the handling fee from 3% to 1.5%.
• Incentivize Israel’s Participation in JEC and AHLC: Explore measures to secure Israel’s good-faith participation in the Joint Economic Committee (JEC) and the AHLC.
• Replace the Paris Protocol: Support the reform of the Paris protocol and / or its replacement with a Free Trade Agreement between Palestine and Israel.
• Ensure Palestinian Access to Resources: Facilitate Palestinian access to land and natural resources, with a particular focus on Area C of the West Bank and Gaza’s maritime zone, including the extraction of natural gas from the Gaza Marine field off the coast of the Gaza Strip.
• Expanding Palestinian exports: Expand Palestinian exports beyond traditional partners, leveraging current and future Free Trade Agreements and market preferences with the EU, Arab and Islamic, and other international markets, including through duty-free, quota-free access to major markets.
• Standards: Invest in upgrading production standards, certifications, and logistics to access new markets, and to comply with WTO, EU, and regional quality requirements.
• Regulatory institutions: Immediate funding for recovery, capacity-building for regulatory institutions, and trade facilitation support.
• Border crossings: Ensure Palestinian control over border crossings, modernize border crossings and management and develop efficient customs procedures to facilitate Palestinian exports and imports and digitalize trade documentation.
• Continue Reform Efforts: Provide political, financial, material and technical support, including budget support, technical assistance and capacity-building programs, to the continued implementation by the PA of its credible and robust reform process — focusing on strengthened institutional capacity, good governance, transparency, democracy, rule of law, human rights and sustainable development.
• Recognize and Support Reforms: Donors are encouraged to politically strengthen the PA by recognizing its reform achievements and leveraging development cooperation to support these reforms. This could be achieved through joint donor initiatives.
• Enhance Public Service Delivery: Improve delivery of public services to Palestinians including by strengthening municipalities as a democratically legitimized level of government. This includes financial contributions to the Municipal Development Lending Fund (MDLF) and supporting the PA’s decentralization agenda.
• Streamline PA Administration: Support the PA’s efforts to enhance transparency and accelerate expenditure reductions, including through wage-bill reform.
• Municipalities: Improve delivery of public services to Palestinians by strengthening the PA as well as municipalities as a democratically legitimized level of government.
• Embassies: Provide financial assistance to help Palestinian authorities operate embassies abroad.
• Technical cooperation: Expand technical cooperation with Palestinian institutions including in governance, culture, education and diplomacy.
• Gender equality: Prioritize gender equality and the rights of women and girls in development assistance and encourage other donors to do the same.
• Digital infrastructure: Expand digital infrastructure and affordable internet access throughout the Palestinian territory.
• Digital economy: Support the development of a digital economy through investment in ICT education, innovation hubs, and e-governance tools and partner with government and donors to develop technology parks, digital infrastructure, and R&D centers, turning Palestine into a hub for knowledge-based industries.
• Integration in the global digital economy: Facilitate knowledge-sharing and cross-border connectivity to integrate Palestine into the regional and global digital economy.
• Leadership development: Support leadership development and skills training across government and civil society.
• Education reform: Promote education reforms and 21st century skills in child-friendly environments.
• Foster an Enabling Business Environment: Concerted efforts by the international community, to create conditions that enable activities aimed at improving the business climate to thrive, including by addressing long-standing constraints such as movement and access restrictions and a security environment conducive to investment planning.
• Strengthen Institutional and Economic Linkages: Enhance the linkage between state institutions and other economic actors such, as Chambers of Commerce through mechanisms like lesson-sharing from bilateral partners. This ensures policy formulation and implementation are well aligned with the realities of the business environment.
• Support SMEs and Micro-Enterprises: Facilitate access to financing, including micro-financing, and provide capacity-building programs for SMEs and micro enterprises. Develop a new public-private partnership (PPP) to foster the growth and sustainability of the Palestinian enterprise base.
• Culture of entrepreneurship: Continue to foster a culture of entrepreneurship, digital skills, and start-up incubation and empower youth and women as engines of innovation, and offer targeted support, including access to financing, mentoring, and capacity-building initiatives, for youth and women entrepreneurs and youth-owned or female-owned and youth-led or female-led businesses.
• Revitalize the Tourism Sector: Implement targeted measures to revitalize businesses dependent on tourism, especially in towns severely impacted by recent events. Supporting the recovery of this sector is essential for strengthening community resilience and ensuring long-term economic stability.
• Investment into key growth sectors: Mobilize local, diaspora, regional and international investment into key growth sectors (industry, renewable energy, ICT, tourism, and agro-processing). Supporting the recovery and expansion of these sectors is essential for strengthening community resilience and ensuring long-term economic stability and sustainable development.
• An investment-friendly legislative environment: Collaborate with the government and international experts to design modern commercial laws, investment codes, and dispute resolution systems that provide certainty and attract investors.
• Joint investments: Jointly invest in infrastructure, industrial parks, logistics hubs, and utilities, leveraging both private expertise and public resources.
• Affected businesses: Rapid deployment of emergency liquidity, soft loans, grants, and credit guarantees for affected businesses.
• Risk-sharing and investment insurance mechanisms: Develop risk-sharing and investment insurance mechanisms to encourage FDI and diaspora investment, particularly during the transitional phase.
• Mobilize private sector investments: Establish appropriate financial mechanisms and frameworks to mobilize private sector investments at scale for supporting the economic recovery and development of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, complementing donor-led immediate recovery efforts.
• Participation of the private sector in planning recovery processes: Support participation of the private sector in national economic planning and post-war recovery strategies, ensuring that business needs and opportunities are duly taken into account in the recovery process.
• Economic Development: Support Palestinian economic development, facilitate trade, enhance Palestinian private sector competitiveness, rebuild infrastructure, support small businesses, create jobs, and improve governance.
• Vocational training: Integrate vocational training and innovation-focused curricula aligned with market needs and delivered through digital platforms.

Preserving the two-State solution against illegal unilateral measures

Upholding international law

• Self-determination of the Palestinian people and ending Israel’s unlawful presence: Take concrete measures, in accordance with international law, and in line with the relevant UN resolutions and the 19 July 2024 Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice, to help realize the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination and end Israel’s unlawful presence in the OPT. While respecting the Charter of the United Nations and international law, ensure that any impediment resulting from the illegal presence of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory to the exercise of the Palestinian people of its right to self-determination is brought to an end, including by countering the illegal settlement policy in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, and policies and threats of forcible displacement and annexation.
• Unilateral measures: Reject all unilateral measures aimed at altering the demographic composition, character and status of the City of Jerusalem and of the Occupied Palestinian Territory as a whole.
• Respect for international law: Demand respect for international law, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law and international human rights law. Redouble efforts to ensure such respect, including through robust monitoring and accountability mechanisms and adopting concrete measures; leveraging diplomatic, legal and other means to advance compliance and deter non-compliance; strengthening political and practical support for international legal mechanisms in relation to the ongoing violations of international law, including by enhancing international legal cooperation to support proceedings before International Courts.
• Compliance with international law, including IHL: Demand that all parties to the conflict comply with their obligations under international law, in particular with regard with the conduct of hostilities and the protection of civilians, and stress the need for accountability for violations by all parties. Take the measures necessary, in line with international law and the UN Charter, to ensure compliance by Israel with its obligations. Promote dialogue and compliance with IHL through existing international humanitarian platforms, particularly the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Conferences, including the implementation of resolutions such as “Building a universal culture of compliance with international humanitarian law” (34IC/24/R1).
• Non-recognition: Not recognize as legal the situation arising from the unlawful presence of Israel in the OPT. Not recognize any changes in the physical character or demographic composition, institutional structure or status of the territory occupied by Israel on 5 June 1967, including East Jerusalem, except as agreed by the parties through negotiations.
• Distinction: Distinguish in their dealings with Israel between Israel and the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967 which encompasses, inter alia, the obligation to abstain from treaty relations with Israel in all cases in which it purports to act on behalf of the OPT or a part thereof on matters concerning the OPT or a part of its territory; to abstain from entering into economic or trade dealings with Israel concerning the Occupied Palestinian Territory or parts thereof which may entrench its unlawful presence in the territory; and to take steps to prevent trade or investment relations that assist in the maintenance of the illegal situation created by Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.
• No aid or assistance: Not render aid or assistance in maintaining the situation created by Israel’s illegal presence in the OPT.
• Spoilers: Protect peace efforts against potential spoilers, who seek to derail the implementation of the two-State solution through illegal unilateral measures and violent actions.
• Colonization and Settlers’ violence: Put an end to settlers’ violence including in accordance with Security Council resolution 904 (1994) and the principles reaffirmed in Security Council resolution 2334 (2016) and by adopting restrictive measures against violent extremist settlers and entities and individuals supporting illegal settlements or other breaches of international law.
• Targeted measures: Adopt targeted measures against entities and individuals acting against the principle of the peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine, in breach of international law.
• Diplomatic missions in Jerusalem: Refrain from establishing or maintaining diplomatic missions in Israel that in any way recognize or imply acceptance of Israel’s illegal presence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including by upholding UNSC resolution 478 which called upon those States that have established diplomatic missions at Jerusalem to withdraw such missions from the Holy City.
• Trade with Settlements: To take steps to prevent trade or investment relations that assist in the maintenance of the illegal situation created by Israel’s settlements and their associated regime in the OPT, including towards ceasing the importation of any products originating in the Israeli settlements.
• Conditionality: To condition funding and participation in programmes on compliance with international law, and to exclude all actors operating in Israeli settlements or contributing to the maintenance of Israel’s unlawful presence in the OPT.
• Human rights clauses: Activate human rights clauses in bilateral or multilateral agreements, such as Association Agreements, where Israel is in breach of obligations.
• Support to civil society: Provide support to civil society organizations and actors, including protection against unjustified designations and unlawful measures.
• Bilateral agreements: Leveraging bilateral agreements, introducing conditionality, applying trade-related and other measures, to promote compliance with international law and the relevant UN resolutions and suspend such agreements if Israel does not accept its territorial clause which rejects any Israeli sovereignty over the OPT.
• Businesses: Ensure respect for international law by all business enterprises contributing directly or indirectly to Israeli settlements and their associated regime in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, including by using regulatory and policy tools to enforce corporate respect for human rights for companies domiciled in their jurisdiction and operating in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel. Make proper use of the UN Database in this regard.
• Arms transfer: All States parties to the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) to strictly abide by their obligation on prohibitions and export assessment under the ATT, and for all states to take steps towards ceasing the provision or transfer of arms, munitions and related equipment in all cases where there are reasonable grounds to suspect they may be used in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.
• Cooperation within multilateral institutions: Cooperate within multilateral institutions, including the UN General Assembly and Security Council, with mechanisms set up by UN bodies and treaty bodies in support of the delivery of their mandate, and other international and regional bodies in defining and enforcing mechanisms to end the occupation and ensure accountability.
• Compliance with UN resolutions: Call upon Member States to implement the relevant UN resolutions to the question of Palestine and adopt a range of measures to secure compliance and deter non-compliance.
• Palestine refugees: Support the rights of Palestine refugees, in accordance with international law, the relevant UN resolutions and the Arab Peace Initiative.
• No criminalization of solidarity: Rescind legislation and abandon policies that criminalize and penalize advocacy in support of the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination and non-violent opposition to Israel’s occupation.
• Prosecutions: Prosecute individuals accused of grave crimes before national courts, where jurisdiction exists, and cooperate with competent jurisdictions in cases where individuals are investigated or prosecuted for grave crimes, including through extradition requests.
• Meetings of States Parties and of High Contracting Parties: Convene meetings of States and High Contracting Parties to ensure full compliance by all parties within Israel and Palestine with international humanitarian law, international human rights law, and international criminal law.
• ICC: States parties to the ICC to cooperate with the International Criminal Court in its investigation into the Situation in Palestine.
• Protection of UN staff and premises: Take all measures under international law and applicable national legislation to uphold the legal protection of UN staff and premises operating in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, particularly UNRWA, including full respect for UN privileges and immunities. following the UN Charter and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations.
• ICJ proceedings: Encourage states to intervene as a party to the Genocide Convention in the case Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in the Gaza Strip (South Africa v. Israel).
• ICJ Orders and Advisory Opinions: Support respect and implementation of the provisional measures issued by the ICJ in the case regarding the application of the Convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide in the Gaza strip (South Africa v. Israel), and its conclusions in its advisory opinions, and take measures to ensure compliance if Israel continues to refuse.
• Investigations: Support international independent and transparent investigations into and accountability for attacks on civilians, including humanitarian and UN personnel, health workers and journalists, as well as on medical facilities and other civilian objects protected under IHL, and support access by investigating bodies and humanitarian organizations.
• UN’s Access: Ensure Israeli cooperation with OHCHR and other relevant UN agencies and allow access to its staff across the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel for monitoring and documentation purposes.
• Protection consortia: Support or co-chair protection consortia (e.g., West Bank Protection Consortium) to assist Palestinians in securing legal rights to property and land.
• Report on differentiation policies: Mandate a report on effective differentiation policies. and on measures adopted by States and other entities to comply with their obligations.
• Mechanism to address violations of article 3 of CERD: Support the establishment — via the United Nations — of a mechanism to address violations of Article 3 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), identified in the ICJ Advisory Opinion.
• Hague Group: Encourage States to Join the Hague Group aiming to coordinate legal and diplomatic measures in defense of international law and solidarity with the people of Palestine.
• DDR: Encourage participation in DDR (Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration) procedures and programs for the collection of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW).
• Journalists: Ensure access for international journalists to Gaza and guarantee safety for all journalists in order to enable on-the-ground reporting.

Peaceful Coexistence

• Addressing root causes and historical context: Peaceful coexistence requires ending the ongoing occupation, that includes the violation of Palestinians’ rights, and addressing historical injustices. It also requires shifting lived realities toward peaceful engagement and recognition of human suffering and collective and personal trauma.
• Enabling environment: An essential prerequisite for dialogue is an enabling environment where citizens can organise and address key concerns around human rights, access to services, just peace and ending the conflict. It is indispensable in this regard to address the shrinking space for civil society and to protect human rights actors.
• Peace narrative grounded in international law: The framework for peace and peace narratives should be international law, the UN Charter, United Nations resolutions, ICJ orders and opinions, as well as respect for human rights. The Two-State solution is the only credible path to realizing the rights of the Palestinian people, achieve long-term Israeli security and inclusive regional peace, security and stability.
• Promote a shared, rights-based and inclusive narrative that centers freedom, dignity, justice, human rights, coexistence, and mutual recognition between Israelis and Palestinians and therefore, narratives must emphasize dignity, shared humanity, mutual understanding, and justice, as well as recognize common interests to counter zero-sum narratives.
• Hate speech: Firm action against all forms of hate speech, incitement to violence, dehumanization and hostile rhetoric across all platform, propagated especially by leaders and officials, and combatting these through education, media and social media, and joint community activities, and by setting up an international monitoring mechanism to verify both sides’ commitment to these objectives.
• Counter radicalization and terrorism: Developing national and regional initiatives directed at preventing violent extremism conducive to terrorism in all its forms, including de-radicalization and CVE Programs.
• Disinformation: Counter disinformation, misinformation and misrepresentation of historical facts aimed at fostering radicalization and hatred. Promote access to impartial and evidence-based information.
• Misinformation and hate speech: Enforce laws against online misinformation and hate speech regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, while respecting freedom of expression.
• Protection of journalists and independent Media: Independent, responsible journalism is key to spreading truth, build accountability, mutual understanding and empathy. The international community should strengthen its advocacy for press freedom and the importance of the protection of journalists in conflict.
• Foundational role of education: Support education as the cornerstone of peace and in this regard promote UN values and tolerance through human rights education and student parliaments, support educational curricula development based on human rights, historical truth, and peacebuilding and implement human rights, tolerance, and conflict resolution education in schools.
• Involvement of grassroots actors: Engagement of civil society, including community leaders, Academia and think tanks, women and youth is crucial among inclusive peacebuilding strategies. Rights-based initiatives grounded on common vision and shared values between Israeli-Palestinian human rights organizations need to be supported.
• Establishing platforms and dialogue programs between Palestinians and Israelis to promote a culture of dialogue and acceptance of the other, especially among young people, as crucial for sustainable efforts towards just and lasting peace and enhancing acceptance of the two-State solution.
• Learning from existing successful reconciliation and post-occupation, post-conflict models, and sharing of experiences and best practice in this regard, with a view to contributing to a post-conflict model adapted to the Israeli-Palestinian context. The role of the international community is crucial for supporting all of these efforts, including development of a constructive peace narrative, support for trust-building activities and platforms, coordination and alignment with partners, including local peace coalitions and community leaders and human rights actors; and promote capacity building in the field of mediation, peacebuilding and conflict resolution on both sides with a view to enhance local capacity of communities.
• Peacebuilders: Empower youth, women, and community leaders including among people in vulnerable situations as peacebuilders and advocates for reconciliation.
• Shared interests: Build trust by highlighting shared interests in peace, economic development, security and stability and advance partnerships on that basis.
• Intercultural and interfaith dialogue: Support intercultural and interfaith dialogue and peace education.
• Historic status quo: Uphold the historical Status Quo at the Holy Places in Jerusalem.
• Support community dialogue programs among Palestinians, including in refugee camps and occupied areas, about Palestinian identity and future.
• Civil society: Support and strengthen ties with civil society organizations on the Two-State Solution, nonviolence, legal advocacy, political awareness, the protection of civic space and justice and accountability efforts, as well as foster a space for experience exchange of civil society that promote the Two-State solution and reconciliation efforts and reinforce international commitment to coordinate institutionalized support for civil society peacebuilding efforts.
• Intra-Palestinian dialogue and reconciliation: Support initiatives aimed at facilitating intra-Palestinian dialogue and reconciliation.
• Reinforce collective international responsibility to uphold principled narratives of peaceful coexistence.
• Media peace-promoting narrative: Propose a global inter-media dialogue to create peace-promoting narratives for ending the occupation and implementing the two-state solution.
• Internet shutdowns: Combat internet shutdowns to protect human rights and maintain free access to information.
• Global social media engines: Ensure that global social media engines are operating in a non-discriminatory manner and in line with international law.

Achieving regional integration through ending the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

• Mutual recognition and peaceful coexistence and cooperation: Promoting mutual recognition, peaceful coexistence, and cooperation among all States in the region, linked to/following the peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine and irreversible implementation of the two-State solution.
• Syria-Israel and Lebanon-Israel tracks: Renewed effort on the Syria-Israel and Lebanon-Israel tracks with the aim of achieving a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace in the Middle East, based on the relevant UN resolutions, and addressing all claims.
• Peace Supporting Package: Endorse in the context of the Peace Day initiative a phased, conditional, and multidimensional action-oriented “Peace Supporting Package” upon the achievement of just and lasting peace grounded in international law and based on the two-state solution and the relevant UN resolutions, with an emphasis on the importance of ending Israeli occupation and realizing Palestinian independent and sovereign State, building on the Arab Peace Initiative and the “European Peace Supporting Package”, which will deliver clear dividends for Palestinians, Israelis, and the region as a whole, including on trade, infrastructure, and energy, and enable regional integration, leading to a regional security architecture that respects the rights of all peoples and the sovereignty of all States.
• Multilateral talks on regional security issues: Support multilateral talks on regional security issues — including the establishment of a nuclear weapons-free zone, combating terrorist threats and networks, ensuring mutual security guarantees and respect for the sovereignty of all States — anchored in the implementation of the two-State solution, in the spirit of the full implementation of the Arab peace initiative.
• Regional security architecture: In the context of an end of the occupation of the Arab Territories, to explore an inclusive and sustainable regional security architecture that could provide security guarantees for all, building on the experience of ASEAN and OSCE, in the context of full regional integration and mutual recognition, achieving security for all peoples and all States, including through solid security guarantees for both Israel and Palestine, as well as an international framework offering appropriate support to resolving the refugee question in accordance with International Law, while reiterating the right of return.
• Violent extremism conducive to terrorism: Develop national and regional initiatives directed at preventing violent extremism conducive to terrorism in all its forms, including de-radicalization and CVE Programs.

Follow-up and Implementation

To ensure the sustained implementation of the outcomes of the Conference an international follow-up mechanism composed from the co-Chairs of the Conference and the Working Groups (The international follow-up mechanism for the International High Level Conference on the Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine and the Implementation of the two-State solution), is mandated to follow-up on the declaration, plan and actions adopted at the Conference, including in the context of the Global Alliance for the implementation of the two-State solution.