For some least developed countries (LDCs) like Bangladesh and Nepal, moving onto a path of long-term prosperity requires structural transformation that expands production via manufacturing, services and higher-productivity agriculture. The UN Committee for Development Policy (CDP), using a series of case studies, identified some possible lessons from building productive capacity in countries that are about to graduate or have recently graduated from the LDC category. Daniel Gay identifies two key takeaways in his post at OECD Development Matters: Lessons learned from structural transformation in least developed countries.