The Final Agreement, signed on 24 November 2016, provided for the establishment of a second special political mission that would begin operations upon completion of the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Colombia. Which was given responsibility for the verification of the Agreement between the Government and FARC-EP on the Bilateral and Definitive Ceasefire and Cessation of Hostilities and Laying down of Arms (Ceasefire Agreement). Section 6.3.3 of the Final Agreement specifies that the second United Nations mission should be responsible for the verification of the reintegration of FARC-EP members into political, economic and social life; the implementation of personal and collective security and protection measures; and comprehensive security and protection programmes for communities and organizations in the territories.

On 10 July 2017, by its resolution 2366 (2017), the Security Council established the United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia (the Verification Mission), demanded an immediately starting of preparations and provisional work and requested, within 45 days, a report with recommendations on the size and operational aspects of the Verification Mission.

On 14 September, the Security Council adopted Resolution 2377 in which it welcomed the recommendations submitted to the Security Council on 30 August.

The resolution specifies that the Verification Mission should verify implementation by the Government of Colombia and FARC-EP of sections 3.2 and 3.4 of the Final Agreement.  Including the political, economic and social reintegration of FARC-EP and the implementation of personal and collective security guarantees and of comprehensive programmes on security and protection measures for communities and organizations in the territories, as well as carrying out the required regional and local verification.