This publication, launched in the context of the 2017 Financing for Development Forum, recognizes the vital role of local governments in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda.  It places special emphasis on the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and how to overcome their structural challenges to match an increasing range of financing responsibilities at the urban level.  Through country-specific analysis, new data, and a number of country case studies, the authors draw policy lessons and recommendations to support government officials in LDCs, at both the national and local level, to strengthen their urban finance frameworks in support of the SDGs.