{"id":286456,"date":"2023-04-12T17:12:38","date_gmt":"2023-04-12T21:12:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/?p=286456"},"modified":"2024-09-30T14:20:01","modified_gmt":"2024-09-30T18:20:01","slug":"timeline","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/timeline\/","title":{"rendered":"The Question of Palestine- Timeline of Events"},"content":{"rendered":"

CLICK HERE for Graphic version<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

1885: <\/strong>The term “Zionism” first coined by the Viennese writer, Nathan Birnbaum.<\/p>\n

1896:\u00a0 <\/strong>Theodor Herzl, founder of the Zionist movement, calls for “restoration of the Jewish State”.<\/p>\n

1897:\u00a0 <\/strong>First Zionist congress takes place in Basel, Switzerland and the first Zionist organization is founded.<\/p>\n

1907:\u00a0 <\/strong>Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann visits Palestine.<\/p>\n

1908:\u00a0 <\/strong>First Palestinian anti-Zionist weekly newspaper is published by Arab Christian Najib Nassar.<\/p>\n

1915:\u00a0 <\/strong>British cabinet member Herbert Samuel calls for the British annexation of Palestine in memorandum \u201cThe Future of Palestine<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

1916:\u00a0 <\/strong>European Powers conclude secret Sykes-Picot agreement dividing future spheres of influence in Ottoman Empire territories.<\/p>\n

1917:\u00a0 <\/strong>The Balfour Declaration<\/a> promises a “national home for the Jewish people in Palestine”.<\/p>\n

1919:\u00a0 <\/strong>Emir Feisal presents a memorandum to the Paris Peace Conference, outlining the case for independence of Arab countries.<\/p>\n

1922:\u00a0 <\/strong>The League of Nations grants mandate over former Ottoman territory Palestine to UK<\/a>. Provisions include terms of the Balfour Declaration, including a “Jewish national home”.<\/p>\n

1933:\u00a0 <\/strong>Palestinians riot amid sudden rise in Jewish immigration from Nazi persecution in Germany.<\/p>\n

1936-1939:\u00a0 <\/strong>Palestinian rebellion against the British Mandate and Jewish immigration.<\/p>\n

1937:\u00a0 <\/strong>UK Peel Commission Report<\/a> publicly recognizes conflict’s irreconcilable terms and recommends partition of Palestine.<\/p>\n

1939:\u00a0 <\/strong>UK issues White Paper<\/a> limiting Jewish immigration.<\/p>\n

1942:\u00a0 <\/strong>US Zionists meet in NY and adopt the “Biltmore Programme<\/a>“, calling for establishment of Palestine as a Jewish Commonwealth and for unlimited immigration.<\/p>\n

1947:\u00a0 <\/strong>In February, UK proposes to relinquish its mandatory role and places the question of Palestine before the UN.<\/p>\n

In September, the UN Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) issues a report<\/a> to the General Assembly with plans for partition or a federal state in Palestine.<\/p>\n

In November, the UN General Assembly adopts resolution 181(II)<\/a> which called to divide Palestine into an un-named \u201cJewish State\u201d and an un-named \u201cArab State\u201d with Jerusalem under UN trusteeship.<\/p>\n

APRIL 1948: <\/strong>Deir Yassin massacre<\/a>: Zionist paramilitary groups kill hundreds of Palestinian Arabs in Deir Yassin, a village near Jerusalem.<\/p>\n

MAY 1948:\u00a0 <\/strong>Great Britain terminates the Mandate over Palestine and Israel declares independence<\/a> on 15 May. First large-scale displacement of Palestine refugees; 15 May becomes an official day to mark the Palestinian<\/em> Nakba<\/em> (\u201ccatastrophe\u201d).<\/p>\n

The first Arab-Israeli War broke out<\/a> when five Arab nations – Egypt, Transjordan (Jordan), Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon – invaded firstly the areas in southern and eastern Palestine not apportioned to the Jewish State by the UN partition of Palestine, and later, East Jerusalem.<\/p>\n

Count Folke Bernadotte appointed UN Mediator in Palestine<\/a> by the UN General Assembly. He is assassinated<\/a> four months later by a Zionist militant group.<\/p>\n

Security Council establishes a group of military observers to supervise truce, which later became UNTSO<\/a>.<\/p>\n

NOVEMBER 1948:\u00a0 <\/strong>UN establishes special fund<\/a> to provide relief to over 500,000 Palestine refugees.<\/p>\n

DECEMBER 1948:\u00a0 <\/strong>UN General Assembly passes resolution 194<\/a> calling for refugees to be allowed to return, Jerusalem to be under international regime, UN Conciliation Commission for Palestine<\/a> (UNCCP) replaces UN mediator.<\/p>\n

FEBRUARY-JULY 1949:\u00a0 <\/strong>Israel signs armistice agreements with Egypt<\/a>, Jordan<\/a>, Lebanon<\/a> and Syria<\/a>.<\/p>\n

APRIL 1949:\u00a0 <\/strong>UN Conciliation Commission convenes Lausanne Conference to reconcile the parties.<\/p>\n

MAY 1949: <\/strong>UNGA adopts Resolution 273 (III)<\/a> admitting Israel as UN member.<\/p>\n

DECEMBER 1949:\u00a0 <\/strong>UN establishes UNRWA<\/a> to replace UNRPR (GA Resolution 302 (IV)<\/a>).<\/p>\n

1950:\u00a0 <\/strong>Israel moves its capital from Tel Aviv to the western part of Jerusalem, in defiance of UN resolutions, and the West Bank is brought formally under Jordanian control.<\/p>\n

1964: <\/strong>Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is founded in Cairo.<\/p>\n

1967:\u00a0 <\/strong>Six-day war: Israel occupies West Bank, including East Jerusalem, Gaza, Golan Heights, and Sinai Peninsula.<\/p>\n

In November, the UN Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution 242 <\/a>(Land for peace).<\/p>\n

1968:\u00a0 <\/strong>Establishment of UN Special Committee<\/a> to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories.<\/p>\n

1973:\u00a0 <\/strong>Following the Middle East war of October, the UN Security Council passes resolution 338<\/a> calling for ceasefire, implementation of res. 242, negotiations between parties.<\/p>\n

1974:\u00a0 <\/strong>The UN General Assembly<\/a> and the Arab League<\/a> recognize the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people.<\/p>\n

General Assembly reaffirms inalienable rights of Palestinian people to self-determination, independence and sovereignty, and refugee return (resolution 3236<\/a>).<\/p>\n

1975:\u00a0 <\/strong>In 1975 the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People (CEIRPP) is founded by Resolution 3376<\/a> of the UNGA.<\/p>\n

1976<\/strong>: The CEIRPP submits its programme to the Security Council<\/a> and General Assembly<\/a> to enable Palestinians to exercise their inalienable rights.<\/p>\n

1977:\u00a0 <\/strong>Pursuant to UNGA Resolution 32\/40 B<\/a>, International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People is celebrated annually on 29 November.<\/p>\n

1978:\u00a0 <\/strong>Following two weeks of secret negotiations at Camp David (USA), the Egyptian President and the Israeli Prime Minister agree on a Framework for Peace in the Middle East<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1979:\u00a0 <\/strong>The UNGA re-designates the Special Unit on Palestinian Rights as the Division for Palestinian Rights (Resolution 34\/65 D<\/a>).<\/p>\n

1980:\u00a0 <\/strong>Israeli Knesset enacts the so-called ‘Basic Law’ on Jerusalem, proclaiming that \u201cJerusalem, whole and united\u201d is the capital of Israel; the Security Council and GA resolution 35\/169 E<\/a> censure this law.<\/p>\n

1981:\u00a0 <\/strong>UNESCO adds the Old City of Jerusalem<\/a> to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list.<\/p>\n

UN Security Council adopts resolution 497<\/a>, calling on Israel to rescind action to annex the Golan Heights.<\/p>\n

1982:\u00a0 <\/strong>Israel invades Lebanon with the intention of eliminating the PLO. After a ceasefire, PLO forces withdraw to neighboring countries. Despite guarantees of safety for Palestine refugees left behind, there are massacres at Sabra and Shatila camps<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1987:\u00a0 <\/strong>First \u201cIntifada\u201d begins in the Jabaliya Refugee Camp in the Gaza Strip.<\/p>\n

1988:\u00a0 <\/strong>In July, Jordan renounces claims to the West Bank and recognizes PLO as “the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people.”<\/p>\n

In November, in Algiers, the Palestinian National Council adopts declaration of independence<\/a> of the State of Palestine.<\/p>\n

In December, PLO Chair Yasser Arafat addresses UN in Geneva<\/a>; says Palestine National Council accepts UNSC Resolutions 242 and 338.<\/p>\n

1991:\u00a0 <\/strong>Middle East peace conference in Madrid<\/a> brings together all the parties to the Arab-Israeli conflict.<\/p>\n

1993:\u00a0 <\/strong>Israel and the PLO sign the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements<\/a>, also known the Oslo accords. Several \u201cpermanent status\u201d issues are deferred for future negotiations.<\/p>\n

1994:\u00a0 <\/strong>The Office of the UN Special Coordinator in the Occupied Territories (UNSCO<\/a>) is established, and Mr. Terje Roed-Larsen of Norway is appointed as the first UN Special Coordinator.<\/p>\n

1995:\u00a0 <\/strong>Israel and the PLO sign the Palestinian-Israeli Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip<\/a> (\u201cOslo II)\u201d.<\/p>\n

1996:\u00a0 <\/strong>Palestinian general elections<\/a> are held.<\/p>\n

1997:\u00a0 <\/strong>Israel and the PLO sign the Hebron Protocol<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1998:\u00a0 <\/strong>Israel and the PLO sign the Wye River Memorandum<\/a>, which consists of steps to facilitate implementation of previous agreements.<\/p>\n

2000:\u00a0 <\/strong>In July, the US President Clinton convenes a Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David which concludes without agreement.<\/p>\n

Ariel Sharon’s al-Haram al-Sharif visit in September 2000 triggers the Second Palestinian Intifada.<\/p>\n

2001:\u00a0 <\/strong>Outgoing US President Clinton proposes the Clinton Parameters<\/a> for a permanent status agreement to resolve the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict.<\/p>\n

Shortly afterwards, the Taba Summit<\/a> is held between Israel and the Palestinian Authority but fails to resolve the “permanent status” issues.<\/p>\n

2002:\u00a0 <\/strong>The UN Security Council passes resolution 1397<\/a> affirming vision of a two-State solution to the conflict. The Quartet<\/a>, consisting of the UN, the EU, the US, and Russia is established with a mandate to help mediate Israeli-Palestinian conflict and support Palestinian economic development and institution-building.<\/p>\n

During a summit in Beirut, the League of Arab States adopts the Arab Peace Initiative<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2003:\u00a0 <\/strong>Roadmap for Peace<\/a> is published by the Quartet and is endorsed by the Security Council in resolution 1515<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2004:\u00a0 <\/strong>The International Court of Justice (ICJ) issues Advisory Opinion<\/a> on the legality of construction of a wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.<\/p>\n

2006:\u00a0 <\/strong>In January, Hamas wins Palestinian Legislative Elections<\/a>; forms Palestinian Authority government. The Quartet responds with Quartet Principles<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In July, Israel goes to war with Hezbollah in Lebanon.<\/p>\n

2007<\/strong>:\u00a0 Israel imposes a blockade on the Gaza Strip after an armed takeover of Gaza by Hamas.<\/p>\n

In November, the Annapolis Conference ends with parties issuing a joint statement<\/a> committing to immediately implement their respective obligations under the Roadmap and working towards a peace treaty by the end of 2008.<\/p>\n

2008:\u00a0 <\/strong>Israel broadens its sanctions and completely seals off the Gaza Strip.<\/p>\n

Later in the year, Israel launches “Operation Cast Lead”, a 22-day military assault on the Gaza Strip.<\/p>\n

2009:\u00a0 <\/strong>Security Council passes resolution 1860<\/a> calling for a ceasefire in Gaza. HRC creates the UN Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza conflict<\/a> to investigate violations of international humanitarian and human rights law. Their findings are issued in the \u201cGoldstone Report<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

2012:\u00a0 <\/strong>In November, Israel launches \u2018Pillar of Defense\u2019 an 8-day military operation against the Gaza Strip.<\/p>\n

Later that month, the General Assembly adopts resolution 67\/19<\/a> granting Palestine the status of non-member observer State in the UN.<\/p>\n

2013:\u00a0 <\/strong>Direct negotiations between Israel and Palestine are held following an initiative by US Secretary of State John Kerry to restart the peace process.<\/p>\n

2014:\u00a0 <\/strong>Israel launches a large scale military operation codenamed \u201cProtective Edge” on the Gaza Strip.<\/p>\n

2016:\u00a0 <\/strong>UN Security Council adopts resolution 2334<\/a>, stating that Israel’s settlement activity constitutes a “flagrant violation” of international law and has “no legal validity”.<\/p>\n

2017:\u00a0 <\/strong>US President Trump announces that the United States would recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.<\/p>\n

2018:\u00a0 <\/strong>US embassy in Israel moved from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.<\/p>\n

2020:\u00a0 <\/strong>US President Trump helps mediate Abraham Accords<\/a> to normalize Israel\u2019s relations with some Arab States and proposes a Peace Plan<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2022:<\/strong> General Assembly adopts resolution A\/RES\/77\/23<\/a> requesting the Committee to Commemorate<\/a> the Nakba for the first time in the history of the UN.<\/span><\/p>\n

2023:<\/strong> Israel launches<\/a> “Operation Swords of Iron” against Gaza following Hamas attack. South Africa initiates a genocide case against Israel at the ICJ<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2024<\/strong>: International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion declares<\/a> the Israeli occupation unlawful. General Assembly demands<\/a> an end to occupation in 12 months.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CLICK HERE for Graphic version 1885: The term “Zionism” first coined by the Viennese writer, Nathan Birnbaum. 1896:\u00a0 Theodor Herzl, founder of the Zionist movement, calls for “restoration of the Jewish State”. 1897:\u00a0 First Zionist congress takes place in Basel, Switzerland and the first Zionist organization is founded. 1907:\u00a0 Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann visits Palestine. […]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":293,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"country":[],"committee-meeting":[],"class_list":["post-286456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286456","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/293"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=286456"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286456\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":301847,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286456\/revisions\/301847"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=286456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=286456"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=286456"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=286456"},{"taxonomy":"committee-meeting","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/committee-meeting?post=286456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}