{"id":178319,"date":"1998-07-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-11T20:39:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/?p=178319"},"modified":"2019-03-11T20:39:06","modified_gmt":"2019-03-11T20:39:06","slug":"auto-insert-178319","status":"publish","type":"document","link":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-178319\/","title":{"rendered":"Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions\/Palestine\u2019s participation &#8211; SecGen status report"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:justify;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><sup>*<\/sup><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:center;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><strong>Status of the Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:center;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><strong>&nbsp;and relating to the protection of victims of armed conflicts<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:center;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><strong><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>Status of the Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:center;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><strong>relating to the protection of victims of armed conflicts<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:center;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;margin-left:20px;\">\n\t\t\t\t<strong>Report of the Secretary-General<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:center;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t\t<\/span><u>CONTENTS<\/u><\/p><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:justify;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>Pages<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:justify;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">I.<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>Introduction<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;&nbsp;2<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:justify;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">II.<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>Information received from Member States Uruguay<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;&nbsp;2<\/p><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:justify;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>Annex<\/p><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:justify;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">List of States parties to the Protocols Additional to the <\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:justify;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Geneva Conventions of 1949 as at 31 July 1998<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;3<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">I.<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>Introduction<\/p><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">1.<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>On 16 December 1996, the General Assembly adopted resolution 51\/155 entitled &#8220;Status of the Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and relating to the protection of victims of armed conflicts&#8221;. In paragraph 7 of the resolution, the Assembly requested the Secretary-General to submit to it at its fifty-third session a report on the status of the additional Protocols based on information received from Member States.<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">2.<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>Pursuant to that request, the Secretary-General, by a note dated 31 January 1997, invited Member States to transmit to him, by 30 June 1998 and for inclusion in the report, the information requested in paragraph 7 of the resolution.<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">3.<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>As at 31 July 1998, a reply had been received from Uruguay. The text of the reply is reproduced in the present report. Any additional replies will be reproduced as addenda to it.<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">4.<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>The list of all States that are parties to the Protocols<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">&nbsp;Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>2 <\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">as at 31 July 1998, as communicated by the competent authorities of the Government of Switzerland, depositary of the Protocols, appears in the annex to the present report.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">II.<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>Information received from Member States Uruguay<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:right;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">[Original: Spanish]<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:right;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">[1 April 1997]<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>Uruguay is party to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977. With respect to the Protocols, Uruguay deposited its instrument of accession on 13 December 1985. On 17 July 1990, it made the declaration provided for under article 90 of the Additional Protocol, accepting the competence of the International Fact-Finding Commission. In terms of domestic policy, Uruguay has a standing inter-ministerial commission responsible for planning legislative and administrative provisions to promote the development of international humanitarian law in its internal law. A priority task of the commission is to contribute to the dissemination of international humanitarian law among members of the armed forces, specialist schools, lawyers, teachers and the general public. All these activities will determine the degree of compliance with the resolutions adopted in this regard by the General Assembly and the various bodies of the United Nations system.<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><i>Notes<\/i><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>United Nations, <\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><i>Treaty Series<\/i><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">, vol. 1125, Nos.17512 and 17513.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>Ibid., vol. 75, Nos. 970-973.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">\n<hr height=\"7px\" \/>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Annex<\/p><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">List of States parties to the Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 as at 31 July 1998 <\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>a<\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>State<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>Date of ratification, accession or succession<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Albania<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>16 July 1993<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Algeria<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>16 August 1989<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Angola<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">&nbsp;(Protocol I only)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>20 September 1984<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Antigua and Barbuda<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;6 October 1986<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Argentina<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>26 November 1986<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Armenia<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;7 June 1993<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Australia<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>21 June 1991<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Austria<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>13 August 1982<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Bahamas<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>10 April 1980<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Bahrain<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>30 October 1986<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Bangladesh<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;8 September 1980<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Barbados<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>19 February 1990<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Belarus<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>23 October 1989<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Belgium<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>20 May 1986<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Belize<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>29 June 1984<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Benin <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>28 May 1986<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Bolivia<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;8 December 1983<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>31 December 1992<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Botswana<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>23 May 1979<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Brazil<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;5 May 1992<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Brunei Darussalam<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>14 October 1991<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Bulgaria<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>26 September 1989<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Burkina Faso<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>20 October 1987<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Burundi<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>10 June 1993<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Cambodia<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>14 January 1998<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Cameroon<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>16 March 1984<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Canada<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>20 November 1990<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Cape Verde<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>16 March 1995<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Central African Republic<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>17 July 1984<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Chad<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>17 January 1997<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Chile<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>24 April 1991<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">China<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>14 September 1983<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Colombia (Protocol I)<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>1 September 1993<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>(Protocol II)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>14 August 1995<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Comoros<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>21 November 1985<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Congo<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>10 November 1983<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Costa Rica<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>15 December 1983<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">C_te d&#8217;Ivoire<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>20 September 1989<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Croatia<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>11 May 1992<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Cuba (Protocol I only)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>25 November 1982<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Cyprus (Protocol I)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>1 June 1979<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>(Protocol II)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>18 March 1996<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Czech Republic<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;5 February 1993<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Democratic People&#8217;s Republic of Korea<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">&nbsp;(Protocol I only)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;9 March 1988<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Denmark<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>17 June 1982<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Djibouti<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;8 April 1991<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Dominica<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>25 April 1996<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Dominican Republic<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>26 May 1994<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Ecuador<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>10 April 1979<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Egypt<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;9 October 1992<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">El Salvador<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>23 November 1978<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Equatorial Guinea<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>24 July 1986<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Estonia<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>18 January 1993<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Ethiopia<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;8 April 1994<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Finland <\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;7 August 1980<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">France (Protocol II only)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>24 February 1984<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Gabon<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;8 April 1980<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Gambia<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>12 January 1989<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Georgia<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>14 September 1993<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Germany<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>14 February 1991<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Ghana<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>28 February 1978<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Greece (Protocol I)<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>31 March 1989<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>(Protocol II)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>15 February 1993<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Guatemala<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>19 October 1987<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Guinea<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>11 July 1984<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Guinea-Bissau<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>21 October 1986<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Guyana<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>18 January 1988<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Holy See<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>21 November 1985<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Honduras<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>16 February 1995<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Hungary<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>12 April 1989<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Iceland<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>10 April 1987<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Italy<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>27 February 1986<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Jamaica<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>29 July 1986<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Jordan<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;1 May 1979<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Kazakhstan<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;5 May 1992<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Kyrgyzstan<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>18 September 1992<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Kuwait<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>17 January 1985<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Lao People&#8217;s Democratic Republic<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>18 November 1980<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Latvia<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>24 December 1991<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Lebanon<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>23 July 1997<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Lesotho<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>20 May 1994<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Liberia<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>30 June 1988<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Libyan Arab Jamahiriya<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;7 June 1978<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Liechtenstein<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>10 August 1989<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Luxembourg<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>29 August 1989<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Madagascar<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;8 May 1992<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Malawi<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;7 October 1991<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Maldives<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;3 September 1991<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Mali<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;8 February 1989<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Malta<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>17 April 1989&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Mauritania<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>14 March 1980<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Mauritius<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>22 March 1982<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Mexico (Protocol I only)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>10 March 1983<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Micronesia (Federated States of)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>19 September 1995<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Mongolia<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;6 December 1995<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Mozambique (Protocol I only)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>14 March 1983<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Namibia<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>17 June 1994<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Netherlands<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>26 June 1987<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">New Zealand<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;8 February 1988<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Niger<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;8 June 1979&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Nigeria<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>10 October 1988<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Norway<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>14 December 1981<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Oman<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>29 March 1984<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Palau<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>25 June 1996<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Panama<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>18 September 1995<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Paraguay<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>30 November 1990<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Peru<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>14 July 1989<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Philippines (Protocol II only)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>11 December 1986<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Poland<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>23 October 1991<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Portugal<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>27 May 1992<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Qatar<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">&nbsp;(Protocol I only)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;5 April 1988<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Republic of Korea<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>15 January 1982<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Republic of Moldova<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>24 May 1993<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Romania<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>21 June 1990<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Russian Federation<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>29 September 1989<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Rwanda<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>19 November 1984<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Saint Kitts and Nevis<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>14 February 1986<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Saint Lucia<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;7 October 1982<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;8 April 1983<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Samoa<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>23 August 1984<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">San Marino<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;5 April 1994<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Sao Tome and Principe<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;5 July 1996<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Saudi Arabia<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">&nbsp;(Protocol I only)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>21 August 1987<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Senegal<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;7 May 1985<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Seychelles<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;8 November 1984<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Sierra Leone<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>21 October 1986<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Slovakia<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;2 April 1993<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Slovenia<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>26 March 1992<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Solomon Islands<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>19 September 1988<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">South Africa<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>21 November 1995<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Spain<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>21 April 1989<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Suriname<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>16 December 1985<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Swaziland<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;2 November 1995<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Sweden<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>31 August 1979<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Switzerland<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>17 February 1982<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Syrian Arab Republic (Protocol I only)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>14 November 1983<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Tajikistan<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>13 January 1993<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">The former Yugoslav Republic of <\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Macedonia<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;1 September 1993<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Togo<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>21 June 1984<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Tunisia<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;9 August 1979<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Turkmenistan<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>10 April 1992<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Uganda<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>13 March 1991<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Ukraine<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>25 January 1990<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">United Arab Emirates<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;9 March 1983<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">United Kingdom<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>28 January 1998<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">United Republic of Tanzania<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>15 February 1983<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Uruguay<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>13 December 1985<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Uzbekistan<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;8 October 1993<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Vanuatu<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>28 February 1985<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Venezuela<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>23 July 1998<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Viet Nam (Protocol I only)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>19 October 1981<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Yemen<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t\t<\/span>17 April 1990<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">Yugoslavia<\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:7pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>11 June 1979<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Zaire (Protocol I only)<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&nbsp;3 June 1982<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Zambia<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>&nbsp;4 May 1995<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">Zimbabwe<span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t\t<\/span>19 October 1992<\/p><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:8pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><i>Notes<\/i><\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:9pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>a<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:9pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>As communicated by the competent authorities of the Government of Switzerland, depositary of the Protocols. By a note dated 15 August 1990, the Permanent Observer Mission of Switzerland informed the Secretary-General as follows:<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>&#8220;On 21 June 1989, the Federal Department for Foreign Affairs received a communication of 14 June 1989 from the Permanent Observer of Palestine to the United Nations Office at Geneva concerning Palestine&#8217;s participation in the four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and their two additional Protocols of 8 June 1977. On 18 September 1989, the Federal Department for Foreign Affairs sent to the States parties to the Conventions an information note of 13 September 1989 regarding this communication, accompanied by the text of the latter. In the information note, the Swiss Federal Council, depositary of the Conventions, brings to the attention of the States parties that it is not in a position to settle the question whether the communication should be considered an instrument of accession within the meaning of the relevant provisions of the Conventions and their Additional Protocols.&#8221;<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:9pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>b<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:9pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>Ratification, accession or succession accompanied by a reservation and\/or a declaration.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:9pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><sup>c<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color:#000000;font-size:9pt;font-family:Courier New, serif, monospace;\"><span class=\"Apple-tab-span\" style=\"white-space:pre; font-size:smaller\">\t<\/span>Party which has made the declaration provided for under article 90 of Protocol I.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:6pt;font-family:Small Fonts, san-serif;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">fourthgc.98<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:6pt;font-family:Small Fonts, san-serif;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">status.plo<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>* Status of the Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 &nbsp;and relating to the protection of victims of armed conflicts Status of the Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and relating to the protection of victims of armed conflicts Report of the Secretary-General CONTENTS Pages I. Introduction &nbsp;&nbsp;2 II. Information received <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-178319\/\"> [&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"country":[],"document-category":[1323],"document-source":[1365],"committee-meeting":[],"document-subject":[1861,1741,2741],"entity":[1729],"document-language":[6542],"class_list":["post-178319","document","type-document","status-publish","hentry","document-category-report","document-source-general-assembly","document-subject-fourth-geneva-convention","document-subject-human-rights-and-international-humanitarian-law","document-subject-statehood-related","entity-united-nations-system","document-language-english"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/document\/178319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/document"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/document"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/document\/178319\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=178319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=178319"},{"taxonomy":"document-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/document-category?post=178319"},{"taxonomy":"document-source","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/document-source?post=178319"},{"taxonomy":"committee-meeting","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/committee-meeting?post=178319"},{"taxonomy":"document-subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/document-subject?post=178319"},{"taxonomy":"entity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/entity?post=178319"},{"taxonomy":"document-language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/document-language?post=178319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}