{"id":175022,"date":"2023-11-27T10:08:36","date_gmt":"2023-11-27T15:08:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/ar\/?p=175022"},"modified":"2024-08-06T10:18:55","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T14:18:55","slug":"legalstudy-arabic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/ar\/2023\/11\/27\/legalstudy-arabic\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u2013 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/h5>\n
\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 pdf \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/span><\/h5>\n

Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/p>\n

Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/p>\n

English<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a<\/h1>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

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[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

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[12]<\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1977\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 “\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641”. [13]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647”. [14]<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u2013 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633. [20]<\/a> \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 “\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627”. [21]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 “\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a” \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633. 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[26]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 “\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644” \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a. [27]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 51 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633”. [28]<\/a> \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. [29]<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629: “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636”. [30]<\/a> \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n

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[31]<\/a> \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 (\u062c) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (1949): “\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644”. 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[38]<\/a> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 56 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 242 (1967) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628”\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f 45 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f 29 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967. [39]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631. [40]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631. [41]<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a 5713-1953\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. [42]<\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1970). [43]<\/a> \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a (1950)\u060c “\u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647” (\u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 “\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644”. [44]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 450 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0632\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967. 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\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0632\u060c \u0622\u0631\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643) 204.\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643) 204.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c 3 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a 1925-1926\u060c (28 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1925) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 360.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u063a\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0634. \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0633\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628”\u060c 885 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c (\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2012) 237.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0640.\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 43 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a”\u060c 54(2) \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (1944-1945) 393-416\u060c 399..<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0623. \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0643 (\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c) (14 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c 1956). \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c 1956\u060c \u0635 791.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643 Michael Lynk\u060c “\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u061f” (\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0643 16 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2018).<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 (\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0627) (\u062d\u0643\u0645) \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 168 (19 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2005)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 345\u060c \u0635 280.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 674 (29 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1990)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 8.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 435 (1978)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 2\u061b \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 276 (1970).<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 62\/243 (25 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2008) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 5.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3061 (\u062f-28)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 2.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627 (27 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1985) E\/CN.4\/RES\/1985\/12\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 3.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 32\/20 (1977)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3414 (\u062f-30) (5 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1975)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 1.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c E\/RES\/2010\/6 (20 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2010)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c E\/RES\/2013\/17 (9 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2013)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c E\/RES\/2015\/13\u060c 19 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2015\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c E\/RES\/2016\/4\u060c 22 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2016.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (30 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015).<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1661\/05 ‘\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a’ (9 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2005)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 3.<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c “\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644”\u060c \u0633\u0643\u0627\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u060c 25 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2022.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (30 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015).<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0628\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 1946\u201349\u060c 10 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 (1946 \u2013 1949)\u060c \u0635 533.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628: \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a (1995) 99\u061b \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 (\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f 2008) 154-155.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/em> (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629)\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 1984\u060c\u00a0 \u0635 213\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 237.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 (\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649) \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 1996\u060c \u00a0\u0635 245\u060c 42.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 “\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635”\u060c (20 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1978) E\/CN.4\/Sub.2 \/405 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. 78.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [24]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627)\u060c (\u062d\u0643\u0645) \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 1995\u060c \u0635 90\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 29.<\/p>\n

    [25]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a (\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0648\/\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a) (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645) \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 1986 \u0635 554\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0635 653.<\/p>\n

    [26]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (29 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1967) \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 A\/PV.1541\u060c \u0635 7\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (27 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1967) \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 A\/PV.1538\u060c \u0635 9.<\/p>\n

    [27]<\/a> \u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u064a\u0633 s\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 51 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u00a0(\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062c) 277.<\/p>\n

    [28]<\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0631 \u060c ‘\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629’\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c ‘\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629’ (\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 1968) 35.<\/p>\n

    [29]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627) (\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 1949 \u0635 4 (9 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1949) \u0635 29.<\/p>\n

    [30]<\/a> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c “1967: \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633” (2013).<\/p>\n

    [31]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c 34 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 209 (1980).<\/p>\n

    [32]<\/a> “\u0628\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a – \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629” (\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0648\u062a\u060c 20 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1968).<\/p>\n

    [33]<\/a> \u0645\u0648\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 (\u062c) \u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a” (\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2015) 18.<\/p>\n

    [34]<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 2019 \u2013 \u0631\u0642\u0645 70\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (2018)\u061b \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c “\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 (\u062c) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”. \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0631\u060c \u201c\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a (2 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2023).<\/p>\n

    [35]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (2020) 47.<\/p>\n

    <\/a>\u00a0[36]”\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u064a\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0647\u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633\u060c 12 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2018.<\/p>\n

    [37]<\/a> \u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a: “\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u00a0 \u00a0(4 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016)<\/p>\n

    <\/a>\u00a0[38]\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 19(3) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 ICC-01\/18 (22 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 9.<\/p>\n

    [39]<\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a: 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c 2017.<\/p>\n

    [40]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 7803\/06\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (2006).<\/p>\n

    [41]<\/a> CERD\/C\/ISR\/CO\/17-19\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 (27 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629. 23\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 55 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a – \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646” (25 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2022)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a (29 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 (29 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 (3 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2022)\u061b \u0628\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637: \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a (12 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021)\u061b \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f (27 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2021)\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 (2022).<\/p>\n

    [42]<\/a> \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 (\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2019). \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 “\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645”.<\/p>\n

    [43]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648’\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629’ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 ‘\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f’\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629” (1 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021).<\/p>\n

    [44]<\/a>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 5710-1950 (5 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1950).<\/p>\n

    [45]<\/a>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 “\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a: \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646” (\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2021) 18.<\/p>\n

    [46]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 (\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649) \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 136 (2004) \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 7.<\/p>\n

    [47]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 (\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 276 (1970) (\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649) \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 16 (1971)\u0635 21.<\/p>\n

    [48]<\/a>\u0647\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629” (1980) 48-51.<\/p>\n

    [49]<\/a> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b (2001)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 30(\u0623) \u0648(\u0628).<\/p>\n

    <\/a>\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965 (\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649) \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 2019 \u0635 25 (25 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2019) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 178.<\/p>\n

    [51]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 (\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649) \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 136 (2004) \u0635 136.<\/p>\n

    [52]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a 12 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2000\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

    [53]<\/a>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a: \u0625\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631” (2020) \u0635 34.<\/p>\n

    [54]<\/a>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a: \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642” (2019) \u0635 15\u060c 25.<\/p>\n

    [55]<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n

    [56]<\/a> \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u063a\u0646\u0632\u060c “\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646”\u060c 64 \u0635. \u062c\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644. 1 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c “\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639” \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a (2011).<\/p>\n

    [57]<\/a> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1284 (1999)\u060c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0635 115\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 12.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

    j\u001a?~\u001bm????yb??\u529ab?\u0006?G(???{\u000f??m?\u07ee???Z??\u06e1?y?Z??\u06e2'x?_\\?^4?\u05adi?\u8b6bb?}?j\u059fn?b?\u001b[?\u001c??\u05adi???'m?]4u?Z}?!z(!????\u05adi???\uc289??\u0725zf??'m?]4?<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":285,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-175022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/285"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=175022"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":175028,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175022\/revisions\/175028"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=175022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=175022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=175022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}