As the number of people displaced worldwide due to climate change-related events continues to grow, the United Nations and its partners are focusing on regional approaches, framed by existing international practice, to respond to the issue of \u2018climate refugees.\u2019<\/p>\n
The number of disaster displacements on annual average between 2008 and 2016 amounted to 25.3 million, according to figures released by the Norwegian Refugee Council. The five countries globally that have the highest proportion of their population affected by displacements are all island States: Cuba, Fiji, Philippines, Tonga and Sri Lanka.<\/p>\n
\u201cDuring this hurricane season alone for example, we saw the displacement of 1.7 million people in Cuba \u00ac\u2013 that\u2019s the equivalent of 15 per cent of its population,\u201d said Camila Minerva, Humanitarian Programme Manager with Oxfam in the Dominican Republic, during a press conference on \u2018human mobility and climate change\u2019 at the UN Climate Conference (COP23<\/a>), in Bonn, Germany.<\/p>\n \u201cThe poorest and the most marginalized are five times more likely to be displaced and to remain so for longer time than people in higher income countries and it is increasing with climate change,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n Mariam Traore, Migration, environment and climate change specialist with the UN Migration Agency (IOM<\/a>) said that it is also important to remember that the slow onset effect of climate change makes people move and migrate, sometimes in a forced way.<\/p>\n \u201cIn a country like Bangladesh, we did a survey last year and 40 per cent of the households we interviewed told us that climate change contributed directly to their decision to migrate,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n In this context, some have suggested to create a climate refugee status, protecting those forced to leave their country because of the impacts of climate change.<\/p>\n \u201cThe refugee legal status is provided by the\u00a01951 Refugee Convention<\/a>, which is very clear on what [basis refugee status is conferred], which is basically persecution,\u201d said Marine Franck, Programme Officer (climate change), Division of International Protection, in the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR<\/a>).<\/p>\n \u201cIn the context of climate change displacement, there might be cases where there is persecution involved where this refugee status could apply but in most cases, it doesn\u2019t,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n She recalled that in 2011, States had suggested that UNHCR create a new status of refugee for people displaced because of climate change. \u201cBut some States were not ready at all for that,\u201d she stated.<\/p>\n Ms. Franck stressed that this issue of broadening the scope of refugee protection \u201cis not necessarily desirable, because there is a risk of undermining the refugees fleeing persecution and violent conflict.\u201d Moreover, she explained: \u201cWe would need also to renegotiate the Convention and there is no appetite for that from States and it might not be the most effective protection tool.\u201d<\/p>\n UNHCR thinks it is better to look at what exists at the regional level and try to have a bottom-up approach with broadening at the regional level using practices that are effective. She mentioned humanitarian protection visas, temporary protection and stay arrangements, as well as migration laws that can provide real protection.<\/p>\n \u201cIt is much more effective because States are going to look at what their neighbours are doing and may adopt the same kind of procedures, rather than if we adopt a global convention or a new category [\u2026] it might not be easy to negotiate and it is not also sure that States will then implement it properly,\u201d Ms. Franck said.<\/p>\n