Radioactive Waste: Decisions of the GA and CSD
United Nations General Assembly,
19th Special Session
New York, 23-27 June 1997
Resolution Adopted By The General Assembly for the Programme for the
Further Implementation of Agenda 21.
Radioactive wastes
59. Radioactive wastes can have very serious environmental and human
health impacts over long periods of time. It is therefore essential that
they be managed in a safe and responsible way. The storage,
transportation, transboundary movement and disposal of radioactive
wastes should be guided by all the principles of the Rio Declaration on
Environment and Development and by Agenda 21. States that generate
radioactive wastes have a responsibility to ensure their safe storage
and disposal. In general, radioactive wastes should be disposed of in
the territory of the State in which they are generated as far as is
compatible with the safety of the management of such material. Each
country has the responsibility of ensuring that radioactive wastes that
fall within its jurisdiction are managed properly in accordance with
internationally accepted principles, taking fully into account any
transboundary effects. The international community should make all
efforts to prohibit the export of radioactive wastes to those countries
that do not have appropriate waste treatment and storage facilities. The
international community recognizes that regional arrangements or jointly
used facilities might be appropriate for the disposal of such wastes in
certain circumstances. The management of radioactive wastes 33/ should
be undertaken in a manner consistent with international law, including
the provisions of relevant international and regional conventions, and
with internationally accepted standards. It is important to intensify
safety measures with regard to radioactive wastes. States, in
cooperation with relevant international organizations, where
appropriate, should not promote or allow the storage or disposal of
high-level, intermediate-level or low-level radioactive wastes near the
marine environment unless they determine that scientific evidence,
consistent with the applicable internationally agreed principles and
guidelines, shows that such storage or disposal poses no unacceptable
risk to people or the marine environment and does not interfere with
other legitimate uses of the sea. In the process of the consideration of
that evidence, appropriate application of the precautionary approach
principle should be made. Further action is needed by the international
community to address the need for enhancing awareness of the importance
of the safe management of radioactive wastes, and to ensure the
prevention of incidents and accidents involving the uncontrolled release
of such wastes.
60. One of the main recommendations of Agenda 21 and of the
Commission on Sustainable Development at its second session in this area
was to support the ongoing efforts of the International Atomic Energy
Agency, the International Maritime Organization and other relevant
international organizations. The Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent
Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management
currently being negotiated under the auspices of the Agency is now close
to completion. It will provide a comprehensive codification of
international law and a guide to best practices in this area. It will
rightly be based on all the principles of best practice for this subject
that have evolved in the international community, including the
principle that, in general, radioactive wastes should be disposed of in
the State in which they were generated as far as is compatible with the
safety of the management of such material. Governments should finalize
this text and are urged to ratify and implement it as soon as possible
so as to further improve practice and strengthen safety in this area.
Transportation of irradiated nuclear fuel and high-level waste by sea
should be guided by the INF Code, which should be considered for
development into a mandatory instrument. The issue of the potential
transboundary environmental effects of activities related to the
management of radioactive wastes and the question of prior notification,
relevant information and consultation with States that could potentially
be affected by such effects, should be further addressed within the
appropriate forums.
61. Increased global and regional cooperation, including exchange of
information and experience and transfer of appropriate technologies, is
needed to improve the management of radioactive wastes. There is a need
to support the clean-up of sites contaminated as a result of all types
of nuclear activity and to conduct health studies in the regions around
those sites, as appropriate, with a view to identifying where health
treatment may be needed and should be provided. Technical assistance
should be provided to developing countries, recognizing the special
needs of small island developing States in particular, to enable them to
develop or improve procedures for the management and safe disposal of
radioactive wastes deriving from the use of radionuclides in medicine,
research and industry.
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