| United Nations | E/CN.17/1997/2/Add.31 |
Economic and Social Council
Distr. GENERAL
14 February 1997
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
COMMISSION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Fifth session
7-25 April 1997
Overall progress achieved since the United Nations
Conference on Environment and Development
Report of the Secretary-General
Addendum
Financial resources and mechanisms *
(Chapter 33 of Agenda 21)
(* This document should be read in conjunction with document
E/CN.17/1997/2/Add.23.)
Financial flow statistics: adjustments for monitoring the
financing of Agenda 21 and the Programme of Action for the
Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States
CONTENTS
Paragraphs Page
INTRODUCTION ................................................ 1 - 5 3
TRENDS IN OFFICIAL FINANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ...... 6 - 10 4
Tables
1. DAC donors' combined ODA bilateral commitments, by OECD/Agenda 21
sectors, 1981-1995 ................................................. 6
2. Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of ODA and loans on
non-concessional terms, by OECD/Agenda 21 sectors, 1981-1995 ....... 8
3. DAC donors' combined ODA bilateral commitments, by share of
OECD/Agenda 21 sectors, 1981-1995 ................................ 10
4. Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of ODA and loans
on non-concessional terms, by share of OECD/Agenda 21 sectors,
1981-1995 ........................................................ 12
5. DAC donors' combined ODA bilateral commitments to small island
developing States, by OECD/Agenda 21 sectors, 1981-1995 .......... 14
6. Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of ODA to small
island developing States and loans on non-concessional terms, by
OECD/Agenda 21 sectors, 1981-1995 ................................ 16
7. DAC donors' combined ODA bilateral commitments to small island
developing States, by share of OECD/Agenda 21 sectors, 1981-1995 . 18
8. Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of ODA to small
island developing States and loans on non-concessional terms, by
share of OECD/Agenda 21 sectors, 1981-1995 ....................... 20
9. DAC donors' combined ODA bilateral commitments to small island
developing States, by priority areas of the Programme of Action,
1981-1995 ........................................................ 22
10. Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of ODA to small
island developing States and loans on non-concessional terms, by
priority areas of the Programme of Action, 1981-1995 ............. 24
11. DAC donors' combined ODA bilateral commitments to small island
developing States, by share of priority areas of the Programme of
Action, 1981-1995 ................................................ 26
12. Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of ODA to small
island developing States and loans on non-concessional terms, by
share of priority areas of the Programme of Action, 1981-1995 .... 28
INTRODUCTION
1. At the second through fourth sessions of the Commission on
Sustainable Development, the Reporting Systems Division of the
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), at the
request of the Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable
Development of the United Nations Secretariat, provided official
development assistance (ODA) and other relevant data on the basis of
specifications prepared by the Department. The purpose was to present
sectoral information that might assist in the Commission's ongoing
efforts to monitor the implementation of Agenda 21. 1/
2. To continue to facilitate the Commission's consideration of
financial resources and mechanisms, OECD has updated its data through
1995 for bilateral and multilateral commitments. In an effort to
improve comparability with the categories used in Agenda 21, OECD
extracted data on commitments corresponding to an allocation of its
purpose codes to the chapters of Agenda 21 and to the chapters of the
Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island
Developing States, 2/ according to a scheme prepared by the Department.
It should be noted that, for the purposes of the present exercise, all
official development finance committed for development assistance is
assumed to be dedicated to sustainable development, so that analysis
focuses on any changes in the allocation of financial assistance among
the economic, social and environmental components of sustainable
development that may have been made in response to the series of
global conferences beginning with the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development and other determinants of aid composition.
3. To ensure consistency and comparability, the following two time
series have been prepared:
(a) OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors' combined
ODA bilateral commitments, 1981-1995;
(b) Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of ODA and
loans on non-concessional terms, 1981-1995.
Data are presented for both series, first as total amounts and then as
relative shares, in terms of (a) overall assistance, by OECD/Agenda 21
sectors (tables 1-4); (b) assistance to small island developing
States, by OECD/ Agenda 21 sectors (tables 5-8); and (c) assistance to
small island developing States, by priority areas of the Programme of
Action (tables 9-12).
4. As in previous assessments, data for all years exclude a
significant volume of technical cooperation. That component is
estimated to represent some 25 per cent of total commitments, and only
a quarter to a third of its volume is reported under the OECD Creditor
Reporting System. Since different sectors have different volumes of
technical cooperation commitments, cross-sectoral comparisons should
be made with caution. The higher the input of technical cooperation,
the greater the likelihood that data understate the real commitment
level.
5. In addition, trend analysis may be affected by gaps in some years
for some countries and changes in the assignment of codes.
Furthermore, data have not been adjusted to allow for changes in the
purchasing power of the dollar. With those caveats in mind, the
tables set out below provide a reasonable reflection of overall
trends.
TRENDS IN OFFICIAL FINANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
6. Both categories of official development finance on a commitment
basis at current prices and exchange rates covered in the present
report exhibit declining trends in overall levels since 1991 (see
tables 1 and 2). For a full discussion of such developments in the
context of the overall flow of financial resources to developing
countries, see the report of the Secretary-General on financial
resources and mechanisms for sustainable development
(E/CN.17/1997/2/Add.23). There is, however, some evidence of changing
allocations of financial assistance among various subcategories of
areas covered in Agenda 21 when the period from 1991 to 1995 is
compared with previous years.
7. Such changes can only have meaning when the subcategories in
question represent a substantial share of total commitments to begin
with, such as manufacturing; alternative energy; energy distribution
and conservation; transport; communications; human health; technology
transfer and capacity-building; education and training; agriculture;
waste management; and protection of freshwater resources.
Environmental protection, which cuts across Agenda 21 chapters, also
accounts for a substantial share of total commitments (see tables 3
and 4). Financial resources (programme support) - which in the case
of bilateral assistance include debt relief - also have a large share
in both bilateral and multilateral assistance; however, they cannot be
allocated among the different economic, social, environmental and
institutional categories used in Agenda 21. In the case of small
island developing States, the protection of oceans and seas also
represents a substantial share of total commitments.
8. When the recent period beginning in 1991 is compared with previous
years, only a small number of trends towards changing shares in
financial allocations can be observed for developing countries as a
whole (see tables 3 and 4). In the case of both bilateral and
multilateral commitments, there appears to be a trend towards
increasing support for protection of freshwater resources, declining
support for agriculture, increasing support for education and
training, and increasing support for environmental protection as a
whole and basic social services. Although small in both absolute and
relative terms, support for integrating environment and development in
decision-making and for information for decision-making also appears
to have increased since 1990.
9. In the case of small island developing States, as for developing
countries as a whole, the percentage of bilateral and multilateral
commitments of ODA has risen for environmental protection and natural
resource management and for basic social services (see tables 7 and
8). There also appears to be a shift towards sea and land transport,
human health and - contrary to trends for developing countries as a
whole - towards agriculture.
10. Regarding small island developing States, there appears to have
been a shift in sources of funding, with bilateral ODA commitments
decreasing and multilateral commitments increasing, but little change
in the overall level of commitments (see tables 9 and 10). In terms
of the priority areas of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable
Development of Small Island Developing States, bilateral ODA
commitments are increasingly being directed towards coastal and marine
resources, community development, capacity-building and human
resources development (see table 11). Multilateral commitments are
increasingly being directed towards agriculture, capacity-building,
human resources development and general development assistance (see
table 12).
Notes
1/ Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions
Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No.
E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex II.
2/ Report of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development
of Small Island Developing States, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25 April-6
May 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 94.I.18 and
corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex II.
Table 1. DAC donors' combined ODA bilateral commitments,
by OECD/Agenda 21 sectors, a/ 1981-1995
(Millions of United States dollars)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1981-1990 1991 1992 1993
---------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic
dimensions 8 222 15 139 13 371 12 858
Accelerating sustainable
development: 7 245 13 473 11 260 11 059
(a) Manufacturing 1 185 1 470 2 367 972
(b) Mining 21 70 13 3
(c) Commerce 126 89 151 141
(d) Traditional energy 1 567 3 254 2 510 2 553
(e) Alternative energy 577 1 137 475 736
(f) Energy distribution/
conservation 9 1 5 3
(g) Sea transport 567 1 209 857 429
(h) Land transport 1 560 2 856 1 981 3 009
(i) Air transport 203 482 224 370
(j) Communications 689 1 108 1 369 1 174
(k) Miscellaneous 743 1 796 1 308 1 670
Combating poverty 74 103 225 150
Demographic dynamic 156 181 275 331
Protecting & promoting
human health 565 810 1 110 965
Promoting human settlement 145 233 277 218
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 37 339 224 135
II. Conserv. & managt.
of resources 3 601 4 563 5 106 4 964
Protection of atmosphere 48 1 6 24
Land resources 99 160 58 82
Combating deforestation 54 58 193 187
Sustainable agriculture 1 697 1 504 1 685 1 423
Biological diversity 129 324 325 131
Protection of oceans & seas 215 443 311 306
Managt. of hazardous
& solid wastes 1 357 2 073 2 527 2 811
III. Strengthening major groups 122 158 115 118
Promoting women's role 18 45 31 39
Strengthening role of NGOs 104 113 85 79
IV. Means of implementation 8 734 18 850 13 178 11 453
Financial resources 6 907 15 356 7 809 8 078
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 920 1 630 3 454 2 086
Science for sustainable
development 171 270 354 105
Promoting education
& training 723 1 552 1 509 1 115
Information for
decision-making 12 42 52 69
Total sustainable
development 20 678 38 710 31 770 29 393
Emergency
assistance 397 572 654 649
Total ODA commitments 21 076 39 282 32 423 30 041
Memo item:
environmental
protection 114 338 504 659
Memo item: basic
social services 751 1 227 1 444 1 417
----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1994 1995 1991-1995
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic
dimensions 12 945 17 310 14 325
Accelerating sustainable
development: 10 542 12 477 11 762
(a) Manufacturing 993 406 1 242
(b) Mining 0 2 18
(c) Commerce 29 57 93
(d) Traditional energy 2 544 3 346 2 841
(e) Alternative energy 1 087 1 879 1 063
(f) Energy distribution/
conservation 10 1 4
(g) Sea transport 432 1 234 832
(h) Land transport 2 898 3 251 2 799
(i) Air transport 847 439 472
(j) Communications 631 607 978
(k) Miscellaneous 1 072 1 254 1 420
Combating poverty 134 176 158
Demographic dynamic 571 147 301
Protecting & promoting
human health 1 239 1 764 1 178
Promoting human settlement 283 354 273
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 176 2 392 653
II. Conserv. & managt. of
resources 5 028 5 874 5 107
Protection of atmosphere 12 235 56
Land resources 84 215 120
Combating deforestation 110 112 132
Sustainable agriculture 1 719 1 183 1 503
Biological diversity 96 230 221
Protection of oceans & seas 263 287 322
Managt. of hazardous
& solid wastes 2 744 3 612 2 753
III. Strengthening major groups 109 553 211
Promoting women's role 46 72 47
Strengthening role of NGOs 63 482 164
IV. Means of implementation 10 851 8 635 12 593
Financial resources 5 362 4 798 8 281
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 3 711 2 132 2 603
Science for sustainable
development 202 125 211
Promoting education & training 1 379 1 465 1 404
Information for decision-making 196 114 95
Total sustainable
development 28 933 32 372 32 235
Emergency assistance 686 589 630
Total ODA commitments 29 618 32 961 32 865
Memo item:
environmental
protection 513 1 747 752
Memo item: basic
social services 1 924 1 971 1 597
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Creditor Reporting System, OECD.
a/ See introduction.
Table 2. Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of ODA
and loans on non-concessional terms, by OECD/Agenda 21
sectors,a/ 1981-1995
(Millions of United States dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1981-1990 1991 1992 1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic
dimensions 11 955 16 645 18 164 13 332
Accelerating sustainable
development 10 195 12 886 15 349 11 486
(a) Manufacturing 2 496 2 644 1 257 782
(b) Mining 89 190 0 0
(c) Commerce 423 315 346 40
(d) Traditional energy 2 720 2 626 4 162 1 942
(e) Alternative energy 1 120 426 1 035 859
(f) Energy distribution/
conservation 2 0 0 0
(g) Sea transport 292 317 165 591
(h) Land transport 2 440 3 285 4 173 4 296
(i) Air transport 17 98 16 232
(j) Communications 359 70 670 996
(k) Miscellaneous 238 2 917 3 525 1 748
Combating poverty 34 320 600 90
Demographic dynamic 54 279 33 19
Protecting & promoting
human health 340 1 286 576 1 286
Promoting human settlement 1 217 1 450 1 167 451
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 115 423 440 0
II. Conserv. & managt.
of resources 5 792 6 901 7 280 3 409
Protection of atmosphere 0 0 220 0
Land resources 279 33 273 66
Combating deforestation 64 0 6 0
Sustainable agriculture 3 027 2 999 3 427 1 420
Biological diversity 181 86 816 28
Protection of oceans & seas 211 259 220 126
Managt. of hazardous
& solid wastes 2 029 3 524 2 317 1 768
III. Strengthening major groups 22 8 18 10
Promoting women's role 3 8 18 10
Strengthening role of NGOs 19 0 0 0
IV. Means of implementation 4 947 11 127 7 306 7 457
Financial resources 1 617 1 659 1 599 863
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 2 176 6 268 3 376 4 592
Science for sustainable
development 111 267 77 57
Promoting education
& training 1 037 2 749 2 040 1 924
Information for
decision-making 6 185 213 21
Total sustainable
development 22 715 34 681 32 768 24 208
Emergency
assistance 19 292 231 177
Total ODA
commitments 22 734 34 973 32 999 24 386
Memo item:
environmental
protection 45 573 1 486 617
Memo item: basic
social services 456 1 579 739 1 370
----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1994 1995 1991-1995
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic dimensions 14 050 11 466 14 731
Accelerating sustainable
development 10 878 7 222 11 564
(a) Manufacturing 760 93 1 107
(b) Mining 0 0 38
(c) Commerce 623 5 266
(d) Traditional energy 2 236 1 017 2 397
(e) Alternative energy 1 108 400 766
(f) Energy distribution/
conservation 0 0 0
(g) Sea transport 195 210 296
(h) Land transport 4 572 2 284 3 722
(i) Air transport 11 27 77
(j) Communications 368 360 493
(k) Miscellaneous 1 006 2 826 2 404
Combating poverty 848 1 454 662
Demographic dynamic 131 129 118
Protecting & promoting
human health 915 1 050 1 023
Promoting human settlement 1 205 1 068 1 068
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 73 544 296
II. Conserv. & managt.
of resources 6 874 4 526 5 798
Protection of atmosphere 143 0 73
Land resources 324 32 146
Combating deforestation 222 83 62
Sustainable agriculture 2 825 1 619 2 458
Biological diversity 53 0 197
Protection of oceans & seas 1 9 123
Managt. of hazardous
& solid wastes 3 307 2 784 2 740
III. Strengthening major groups 55 18 22
Promoting women's role 8 18 12
Strengthening role of NGOs 47 0 10
IV. Means of implementation 7 609 11 655 9 031
Financial resources 1 693 1 076 1 378
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 3 231 7 477 4 989
Science for sustainable
development 89 102 118
Promoting education
& training 2 488 2 530 2 346
Information for
decision-making 109 470 200
Total sustainable
development 28 588 27 665 29 582
Emergency assistance 246 100 209
Total ODA commitments 28 835 27 765 29 792
Memo item:
environmental
protection 1 181 719 915
Memo item: basic
social services 1 960 1 090 1 348
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Same as table 1.
a/ See introduction.
Table 3. DAC donors' combined ODA bilateral commitments,
by share of OECD/Agenda 21 sectors,a/ 1981-1995
(Percentages)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1981-1990 1991 1992 1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic
dimensions 39.76 39.11 42.09 43.75
Accelerating sustainable
development 35.04 34.80 35.44 37.62
(a) Manufacturing 5.73 3.80 7.45 3.31
(b) Mining 0.10 0.18 0.04 0.01
(c) Commerce 0.61 0.23 0.48 0.48
(d) Traditional energy 7.58 8.41 7.90 8.69
(e) Alternative energy 2.79 2.94 1.50 2.50
(f) Energy distribution/
conservation 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.01
(g) Sea transport 2.74 3.12 2.70 1.46
(h) Land transport 7.55 7.38 6.24 10.24
(i) Air transport 0.98 1.25 0.71 1.26
(j) Communications 3.33 2.86 4.31 3.99
(k) Miscellaneous 3.59 4.64 4.12 5.68
Combating poverty 0.36 0.27 0.71 0.51
Demographic dynamic 0.75 0.47 0.87 1.13
Protecting & promoting
human health 2.73 2.09 3.49 3.28
Promoting human
settlement 0.70 0.60 0.87 0.74
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 0.18 0.88 0.71 0.46
II. Conserv. & managt.
of resources 17.41 11.79 16.07 16.89
Protection of atmosphere 0.23 0.00 0.02 0.08
Land resources 0.48 0.41 0.18 0.28
Combating deforestation 0.26 0.15 0.61 0.64
Sustainable agriculture 8.21 3.89 5.30 4.84
Biological diversity 0.63 0.84 1.02 0.45
Protection of oceans
& seas 1.04 1.14 0.98 1.04
Managt. of hazardous
& solid wastes 6.56 5.36 7.95 9.56
III. Strengthening major groups 0.59 0.41 0.36 0.40
Promoting women's role 0.09 0.12 0.10 0.13
Strengthening role of NGOs 0.50 0.29 0.27 0.27
IV. Means of implementation 42.24 48.70 41.48 38.97
Financial resources 33.40 39.67 24.58 27.48
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 4.45 4.21 10.87 7.10
Science for sustainable
development 0.83 0.70 1.11 0.36
Promoting education
& training 3.50 4.01 4.75 3.79
Information for
decision-making 0.06 0.11 0.16 0.23
Total sustainable
development 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Memo item:
environmental
protection 0.55 0.87 1.59 2.24
Memo item: basic
social services 3.63 3.17 4.55 4.82
----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1994 1995 1991-1995
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic
dimensions 44.74 53.47 44.44
Accelerating sustainable
development 36.44 38.54 36.49
(a) Manufacturing 3.43 1.25 3.85
(b) Mining 0.00 0.01 0.05
(c) Commerce 0.10 0.18 0.29
(d) Traditional energy 8.79 10.34 8.81
(e) Alternative energy 3.76 5.80 3.30
(f) Energy distribution/
conservation 0.03 0.00 0.01
(g) Sea transport 1.49 3.81 2.58
(h) Land transport 10.02 10.04 8.68
(i) Air transport 2.93 1.36 1.47
(j) Communications 2.18 1.88 3.03
(k) Miscellaneous 3.71 3.87 4.41
Combating poverty 0.46 0.54 0.49
Demographic dynamic 1.97 0.45 0.93
Protecting & promoting
human health 4.28 5.45 3.65
Promoting human settlement 0.98 1.09 0.85
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 0.61 7.39 2.03
II. Conserv. & managt.
of resources 17.38 18.15 15.84
Protection of atmosphere 0.04 0.73 0.17
Land resources 0.29 0.66 0.37
Combating deforestation 0.38 0.35 0.41
Sustainable agriculture 5.94 3.65 4.66
Biological diversity 0.33 0.71 0.69
Protection of oceans & seas 0.91 0.89 1.00
Managt. of hazardous &
solid wastes 9.48 11.16 8.54
III. Strengthening major groups 0.38 1.71 0.65
Promoting women's role 0.16 0.22 0.14
Strengthening role of NGOs 0.22 1.49 0.51
IV. Means of implementation 37.50 26.67 39.07
Financial resources 18.53 14.82 25.69
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 12.83 6.59 8.07
Science for sustainable
development 0.70 0.39 0.66
Promoting education
& training 4.77 4.53 4.36
Information for
decision-making 0.68 0.35 0.29
Total sustainable
development 100.00 100.00 100.00
Memo item:
environmental
protection 1.77 5.40 2.33
Memo item: basic
social services 6.65 6.09 4.95
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Same as table 1.
a/ See introduction.
Table 4. Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of ODA
and loans on non-concessional terms, by share of
OECD/Agenda 21 sectors, a/ 1981-1995
(Percentages)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1981-1990 1991 1992 1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic
dimensions 52.63 47.99 55.43 55.07
Accelerating sustainable
development 44.88 37.16 46.84 47.45
(a) Manufacturing 10.99 7.62 3.84 3.23
(b) Mining 0.39 0.55 0.00 0.00
(c) Commerce 1.86 0.91 1.06 0.17
(d) Traditional energy 11.97 7.57 12.70 8.02
(e) Alternative energy 4.93 1.23 3.16 3.55
(f) Energy distribution/
conservation 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
(g) Sea transport 1.28 0.91 0.50 2.44
(h) Land transport 10.74 9.47 12.73 17.75
(i) Air transport 0.07 0.28 0.05 0.96
(j) Communications 1.58 0.20 2.04 4.11
(k) Miscellaneous 1.05 8.41 10.76 7.22
Combating poverty 0.15 0.92 1.83 0.37
Demographic dynamic 0.24 0.80 0.10 0.08
Protecting & promoting
human health 1.50 3.71 1.76 5.31
Promoting human
settlement 5.36 4.18 3.56 1.86
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 0.51 1.22 1.34 0.00
II. Conserv. & managt. of
resources 25.50 19.90 22.22 14.08
Protection of atmosphere 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.00
Land resources 1.23 0.10 0.83 0.27
Combating deforestation 0.28 0.00 0.02 0.00
Sustainable agriculture 13.33 8.65 10.46 5.87
Biological diversity 0.80 0.25 2.49 0.12
Protection of oceans & seas 0.93 0.75 0.67 0.52
Managt. of hazardous &
solid wastes 8.93 10.16 7.07 7.30
III. Strengthening major groups 0.10 0.02 0.05 0.04
Promoting women's role 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.04
Strengthening role of NGOs 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00
IV. Means of implementation 21.77 32.08 22.30 30.80
Financial resources 7.12 4.78 4.88 3.56
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 9.58 18.07 10.30 18.97
Science for sustainable
development 0.49 0.77 0.23 0.24
Promoting education &
training 4.57 7.93 6.23 7.95
Information for
decision-making 0.03 0.53 0.65 0.09
Total sustainable
development 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Memo item:
environmental
protection 0.20 1.65 4.53 2.55
Memo item: basic
social services 2.01 4.55 2.26 5.66
----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1994 1995 1991-1995
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic dimensions 49.15 41.45 49.80
Accelerating sustainable
development 38.05 26.11 39.09
(a) Manufacturing 2.66 0.34 3.74
(b) Mining 0.00 0.00 0.13
(c) Commerce 2.18 0.02 0.90
(d) Traditional energy 7.82 3.68 8.10
(e) Alternative energy 3.88 1.45 2.59
(f) Energy distribution/
conservation 0.00 0.00 0.00
(g) Sea transport 0.68 0.76 1.00
(h) Land transport 15.99 8.26 12.58
(i) Air transport 0.04 0.10 0.26
(j) Communications 1.29 1.30 1.67
(k) Miscellaneous 3.52 10.22 8.13
Combating poverty 2.97 5.26 2.24
Demographic dynamic 0.46 0.47 0.40
Protecting & promoting
human health 3.20 3.80 3.46
Promoting human settlement 4.22 3.86 3.61
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 0.26 1.97 1.00
II. Conserv. & managt. of
resources 24.05 16.36 19.60
Protection of atmosphere 0.50 0.00 0.25
Land resources 1.13 0.12 0.49
Combating deforestation 0.78 0.30 0.21
Sustainable agriculture 9.88 5.85 8.31
Biological diversity 0.19 0.00 0.66
Protection of oceans & seas 0.00 0.03 0.42
Managt. of hazardous &
solid wastes 11.57 10.06 9.26
III. Strengthening major groups 0.19 0.07 0.07
Promoting women's role 0.03 0.07 0.04
Strengthening role of NGOs 0.16 0.00 0.03
IV. Means of implementation 26.62 42.13 30.53
Financial resources 5.92 3.89 4.66
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 11.30 27.03 16.86
Science for sustainable
development 0.31 0.37 0.40
Promoting education & training 8.70 9.15 7.93
Information for decision-making 0.38 1.70 0.67
Total sustainable
development 100.00 100.00 100.00
Memo item:
environmental
protection 4.13 2.60 3.09
Memo item: basic
social services 6.86 3.94 4.56
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Same as table 1.
a/ See introduction.
Table 5. DAC donors' combined ODA bilateral commitments to small
island developing States, by OECD/Agenda 21 sectors, a/
1981-1995
(Millions of United States dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1981-1990 1991 1992 1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic
dimensions 283 317 187 243
Accelerating sustainable
development 219 241 90 181
(a) Manufacturing 26 4 8 7
(b) Mining 0 0 0 0
(c) Commerce 6 9 10 13
(d) Traditional energy 37 49 17 8
(e) Alternative energy 17 2 0 9
(f) Energy distribution/
conservation 0 0 0 0
(g) Sea transport 13 3 14 67
(h) Land transport 29 120 5 19
(i) Air transport 25 1 9 3
(j) Communications 28 21 9 3
(k) Miscellaneous 38 32 18 51
Combating poverty 8 1 1 0
Demographic dynamic 5 5 18 14
Protecting & promoting
human health 24 44 43 44
Promoting human settlement 27 13 33 3
Integrating env. & dev.
in decision-making 0 13 2 1
II. Conserv. & managt.
of resources 133 228 151 131
Protection of atmosphere 0 0 0 0
Land resources 7 5 2 3
Combating deforestation 3 1 13 1
Sustainable agriculture 63 166 61 28
Biological diversity 5 1 2 1
Protection of oceans & seas 23 32 39 87
Managt. of hazardous &
solid wastes 31 23 33 12
III. Strengthening major groups 7 0 2 5
Promoting women's role 0 0 0 0
Strengthening role of NGOs 7 0 1 5
IV. Means of implementation 531 326 348 496
Financial resources 435 157 153 351
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 53 62 123 80
Science for sustainable
development 4 3 4 0
Promoting education
& training 39 104 67 62
Information for
decision-making 0 0 0 3
Total sustainable
development 954 871 688 875
Emergency assistance 12 13 16 22
Total ODA commitments 965 885 703 897
Memo item:
environmental
protection 2 1 1 24
Memo item: basic
social services 29 40 65 73
---------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1994 1995 1991-1995
---------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic
dimensions 295 197 248
Accelerating sustainable
development 219 71 160
(a) Manufacturing 4 3 5
(b) Mining 0 0 0
(c) Commerce 0 10 8
(d) Traditional energy 28 10 22
(e) Alternative energy 3 13 5
(f) Energy distribution/
conservation 0 0 0
(g) Sea transport 28 3 23
(h) Land transport 130 10 57
(i) Air transport 3 5 4
(j) Communications 9 2 9
(k) Miscellaneous 13 16 26
Combating poverty 0 1 1
Demographic dynamic 9 0 9
Protecting & promoting
human health 47 94 54
Promoting human settlement 0 20 14
Integrating env. & dev.
in decision-making 20 10 9
II. Conserv. & managt. of
resources 309 132 190
Protection of atmosphere 0 0 0
Land resources 44 0 11
Combating deforestation 20 0 7
Sustainable agriculture 131 14 80
Biological diversity 2 5 2
Protection of oceans & seas 30 62 50
Managt. of hazardous &
solid wastes 83 51 40
III. Strengthening major groups 3 60 14
Promoting women's role 0 0 0
Strengthening role of NGOs 3 60 14
IV. Means of implementation 458 284 382
Financial resources 283 170 223
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 86 54 81
Science for sustainable
development 2 0 2
Promoting education &
training 68 59 72
Information for
decision-making 19 0 4
Total sustainable
development 1 065 673 834
Emergency assistance 13 24 18
Total ODA commitments 1 079 696 852
Memo item:
environmental
protection 8 13 9
Memo item: basic
social services 50 101 66
------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Same as table 1.
a/ See introduction.
Table 6. Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of ODA
to small island developing States and loans on
non-concessional terms, by OECD/Agenda 21 sectors, a/
1981-1995
(Millions of United States dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1981-1990 1991 1992 1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic dimensions 282 213 286 356
Accelerating sustainable
development 239 167 250 286
(a) Manufacturing 53 30 0 0
(c) Commerce 12 0 0 0
(d) Traditional energy 58 0 10 0
(e) Alternative energy 25 0 15 1
(g) Sea transport 9 3 6 6
(h) Land transport 68 7 171 150
(i) Air transport 2 0 16 0
(j) Communications 5 0 0 0
(k) Miscellaneous 9 127 33 129
Combating poverty 0 11 0 0
Demographic dynamic 1 0 0 19
Protecting & promoting
human health 18 23 0 51
Promoting human settlement 25 3 36 0
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 0 8 0 0
II. Conserv. & managt. of
resources 129 90 32 101
Land resources 4 0 0 0
Sustainable agriculture 72 58 12 71
Biological diversity 1 0 0 0
Protection of oceans & seas 10 0 20 18
Managt. of hazardous &
solid wastes 43 32 0 12
III. Strengthening major groups 0 0 0 0
Strengthening role of NGOs 0 0 0 0
IV. Means of implementation 114 540 118 280
Financial resources 52 11 0 0
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 22 407 94 94
Promoting education & training 40 122 24 186
Information for decision-making 0 0 0 0
Total sustainable development 524 843 436 737
Emergency assistance 0 0 0 0
Total ODA commitments 525 843 436 738
Memo item:
environmental
protection 1 12 0 5
Memo item: basic
social services 20 15 11 19
----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1994 1995 1991-1995
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic dimensions 115 510 296
Accelerating sustainable development 74 465 248
(a) Manufacturing 5 0 7
(c) Commerce 8 5 3
(d) Traditional energy 16 21 10
(e) Alternative energy 0 0 3
(g) Sea transport 0 0 3
(h) Land transport 7 90 85
(i) Air transport 0 27 9
(j) Communications 0 0 0
(k) Miscellaneous 38 322 130
Combating poverty 0 0 2
Demographic dynamic 0 0 4
Protecting & promoting human health 28 0 20
Promoting human settlement 0 45 17
Integrat. env. & dev. in
decision-making 13 0 4
II. Conserv. & managt. of
resources 1 109 45 275
Land resources 0 0 0
Sustainable agriculture 1 084 3 246
Biological diversity 0 0 0
Protection of oceans & seas 1 0 8
Managt. of hazardous & solid wastes 25 42 22
III. Strengthening major groups 0 0 0
Strengthening role of NGOs 0 0 0
IV. Means of implementation 85 219 248
Financial resources 40 50 20
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 43 33 134
Promoting education & training 2 86 84
Information for decision-making 0 50 10
Total sustainable development 1 309 774 820
Emergency assistance 0 0 0
Total ODA commitments 1 309 773 820
Memo item:
environmental protection 0 44 12
Memo item: basic
social services 15 0 12
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Same as table 1.
a/ See introduction.
Table 7. DAC donors' combined ODA bilateral commitments to
small island developing States, by share of
OECD/Agenda 21 sectors, a/ 1981-1995
(Percentages)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1981-1990 1991 1992 1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic dimensions 29.64 36.39 27.18 27.77
Accelerating sustainable
development 22.93 27.67 13.08 20.69
(a) Manufacturing 2.72 0.46 1.16 0.80
(b) Mining 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
(c) Commerce 0.65 1.03 1.45 1.49
(d) Traditional energy 3.83 5.63 2.47 0.91
(e) Alternative energy 1.79 0.23 0.00 1.03
(f) Energy distribution/
conservation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
(g) Sea transport 1.38 0.34 2.03 7.66
(h) Land transport 3.00 13.78 0.73 2.17
(i) Air transport 2.66 0.11 1.31 0.34
(j) Communications 2.91 2.41 1.31 0.34
(k) Miscellaneous 3.97 3.67 2.62 5.83
Combating poverty 0.84 0.11 0.15 0.00
Demographic dynamic 0.53 0.57 2.62 1.60
Protecting & promoting
human health 2.49 5.05 6.25 5.03
Promoting human settlement 2.85 1.49 4.80 0.34
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 0.02 1.49 0.29 0.11
II. Conserv. & managt. of
resources 13.91 26.18 21.95 14.97
Protection of atmosphere 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Land resources 0.71 0.57 0.29 0.34
Combating deforestation 0.34 0.11 1.89 0.11
Sustainable agriculture 6.59 19.06 8.87 3.20
Biological diversity 0.56 0.11 0.29 0.11
Protection of oceans & seas 2.45 3.67 5.67 9.94
Managt. of hazardous &
solid wastes 3.28 2.64 4.80 1.37
III. Strengthening major groups 0.77 0.00 0.29 0.57
Promoting women's role 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
Strengthening role of NGOs 0.76 0.00 0.15 0.57
IV. Means of implementation 55.69 37.43 50.58 56.69
Financial resources 45.65 18.03 22.24 40.11
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 5.52 7.12 17.88 9.14
Science for sustainable
development 0.42 0.34 0.58 0.00
Promoting education &
training 4.09 11.94 9.74 7.09
Information for
decision-making 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.34
Total sustainable
development 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Memo item:
environmental
protection 0.21 0.11 0.15 2.74
Memo item: basic
social services 3.05 4.59 9.45 8.34
---------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1994 1995 1991-1995
---------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic dimensions 27.70 29.27 29.70
Accelerating sustainable
development 20.56 10.55 19.22
(a) Manufacturing 0.38 0.45 0.62
(b) Mining 0.00 0.00 0.00
(c) Commerce 0.00 1.49 1.01
(d) Traditional energy 2.63 1.49 2.68
(e) Alternative energy 0.28 1.93 0.65
(f) Energy distribution/
conservation 0.00 0.00 0.00
(g) Sea transport 2.63 0.45 2.76
(h) Land transport 12.21 1.49 6.81
(i) Air transport 0.28 0.74 0.50
(j) Communications 0.85 0.30 1.05
(k) Miscellaneous 1.22 2.38 3.12
Combating poverty 0.00 0.15 0.07
Demographic dynamic 0.85 0.00 1.10
Protecting & promoting
human health 4.41 13.97 6.52
Promoting human settlement 0.00 2.97 1.65
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 1.88 1.49 1.10
II. Conserv. & managt. of resources 29.01 19.61 22.79
Protection of atmosphere 0.00 0.00 0.00
Land resources 4.13 0.00 1.29
Combating deforestation 1.88 0.00 0.84
Sustainable agriculture 12.30 2.08 9.59
Biological diversity 0.19 0.74 0.26
Protection of oceans & seas 2.82 9.21 5.99
Managt. of hazardous &
solid wastes 7.79 7.58 4.84
III. Strengthening major groups 0.28 8.92 1.68
Promoting women's role 0.00 0.00 0.00
Strengthening role of NGOs 0.28 8.92 1.65
IV. Means of implementation 43.00 42.20 45.83
Financial resources 26.57 25.26 26.70
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 8.08 8.02 9.71
Science for sustainable
development 0.19 0.00 0.22
Promoting education &
training 6.38 8.77 8.63
Information for
decision-making 1.78 0.00 0.53
Total sustainable
development 100.00 100.00 100.00
Memo item:
environmental
protection 0.75 1.93 1.13
Memo item: basic
social services 4.69 15.01 7.89
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Same as table 1.
a/ See introduction.
Table 8. Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of ODA
to small island developing States and loans on
non-concessional terms, by share of OECD/Agenda 21
sectors, a/ 1981-1995
(Percentages)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1981-1990 1991 1992 1993
---------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic
dimensions 53.69 25.27 65.60 48.30
Accelerating sustainable
development 45.53 19.81 57.34 38.81
(a) Manufacturing 10.03 3.56 0.00 0.00
(c) Commerce 2.27 0.00 0.00 0.00
(d) Traditional energy 11.01 0.00 2.29 0.00
(e) Alternative energy 4.67 0.00 3.44 0.14
(g) Sea transport 1.72 0.36 1.38 0.81
(h) Land transport 12.95 0.83 39.22 20.35
(i) Air transport 0.40 0.00 3.67 0.00
(j) Communications 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.00
(k) Miscellaneous 1.66 15.07 7.57 17.50
Combating poverty 0.00 1.30 0.00 0.00
Demographic dynamic 0.10 0.00 0.00 2.58
Protecting & promoting
human health 3.40 2.73 0.00 6.92
Promoting human settlement 4.73 0.36 8.26 0.00
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.00
II. Conserv. & managt. of
resources 24.57 10.68 7.34 13.70
Land resources 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sustainable agriculture 13.69 6.88 2.75 9.63
Biological diversity 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00
Protection of oceans & seas 1.81 0.00 4.59 2.44
Managt. of hazardous &
solid wastes 8.14 3.80 0.00 1.63
III. Strengthening major groups 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00
Strengthening role of NGOs 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00
IV. Means of implementation 21.67 64.06 27.06 37.99
Financial resources 9.88 1.30 0.00 0.00
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 4.20 48.28 21.56 12.75
Promoting education
& training 7.57 14.47 5.50 25.24
Information for
decision-making 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total sustainable
development 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Memo item:
environmental
protection 0.10 1.42 0.00 0.68
Memo item: basic
social services 3.78 1.78 2.52 2.58
----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sectors 1994 1995 1991-1995
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social & economic dimensions 8.79 65.89 36.11
Accelerating sustainable
development 5.65 60.08 30.30
(a) Manufacturing 0.38 0.00 0.85
(c) Commerce 0.61 0.65 0.32
(d) Traditional energy 1.22 2.71 1.15
(e) Alternative energy 0.00 0.00 0.39
(g) Sea transport 0.00 0.00 0.37
(h) Land transport 0.53 11.63 10.37
(i) Air transport 0.00 3.49 1.05
(j) Communications 0.00 0.00 0.00
(k) Miscellaneous 2.90 41.60 15.83
Combating poverty 0.00 0.00 0.27
Demographic dynamic 0.00 0.00 0.46
Protecting & promoting
human health 2.14 0.00 2.49
Promoting human settlement 0.00 5.81 2.05
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 0.99 0.00 0.51
II. Conserv. & managt. of resources 84.72 5.81 33.59
Land resources 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sustainable agriculture 82.81 0.39 29.96
Biological diversity 0.00 0.00 0.00
Protection of oceans & seas 0.08 0.00 0.95
Managt. of hazardous
& solid wastes 1.91 5.43 2.71
III. Strengthening major groups 0.00 0.00 0.00
Strengthening role of NGOs 0.00 0.00 0.00
IV. Means of implementation 6.49 28.29 30.30
Financial resources 3.06 6.46 2.46
Technology transfer/
capacity-building 3.28 4.26 16.37
Promoting education & training 0.15 11.11 10.25
Information for decision-making 0.00 6.46 1.22
Total sustainable development 100.00 100.00 100.00
Memo item:
environmental protection 0.00 5.68 1.49
Memo item:
basic social services 1.15 0.00 1.46
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Same as table 1.
a/ See introduction.
Table 9. DAC donors' combined ODA bilateral commitments to
small island developing States, by priority areas of
the Programme of Action, a/ 1981-1995
(Millions of United States dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Priority areas 1981-1990 1991 1992 1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Climate change and
sealevel rise 0 0 0 0
II. Natural and environmental
disasters 20 13 20 22
III. Management of wastes 0 0 0 0
IV. Coastal and marine resources 16 18 24 48
V. Freshwater resources 31 22 33 12
VI. Land resources 83 185 84 38
Community development 16 80 32 16
Agriculture 64 104 39 21
Forestry 3 1 13 1
VII. Energy resources 55 50 18 18
Traditional energy sources 19 41 4 1
Alternative energy sources 18 2 1 9
Energy distribution and
conservation 18 7 13 8
VIII. Tourism resources 3 4 1 9
IX. Biodiversity resources 5 1 2 1
X. National institut. &
administrative capacity 52 75 125 84
Integrating env. & dev.
in decision-making 1 13 2 23
Information for decision-making 0 0 0 3
Other capacity-building 51 62 123 58
XI. Transport and communications 95 145 37 92
Land transport 29 120 5 19
Air transport 25 1 9 3
Sea transport 13 3 14 67
Communications 28 21 9 3
XII. Science and technology 4 3 4 0
XIII. Human resources development 84 154 150 121
Health 24 44 43 44
Population activities 5 5 18 14
General education 33 96 53 55
Human settlements 16 1 22 1
Skill development 6 8 14 7
Women in development 0 0 0 0
XIV. General development assistance 509 199 189 413
Manufacturing 25 4 8 7
Mining 0 0 0 0
Commerce 3 5 9 4
Finance 435 157 153 351
Social welfare 8 1 1 0
Miscellaneous 38 32 18 51
Total sustainable development 958 871 687 859
----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Priority areas 1994 1995 1991-1995
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Climate change and sealevel rise 0 0 0
II. Natural and environmental disasters 14 27 19
III. Management of wastes 1 3 1
IV. Coastal and marine resources 27 34 30
V. Freshwater resources 82 47 39
VI. Land resources 197 88 118
Community development 10 75 43
Agriculture 167 13 69
Forestry 20 0 7
VII. Energy resources 32 23 28
Traditional energy sources 2 0 10
Alternative energy sources 4 13 6
Energy distribution and conservation 26 10 13
VIII. Tourism resources 0 2 3
IX. Biodiversity resources 2 5 2
X. National institut. &
administrative capacity 125 61 94
Integrating env. & dev.
in decision-making 22 20 16
Information for decision-making 19 0 4
Other capacity-building 84 41 74
XI. Transport and communications 170 20 93
Land transport 130 10 57
Air transport 3 5 4
Sea transport 28 3 23
Communications 9 2 9
XII. Science and technology 2 0 2
XIII. Human resources development 124 153 140
Health 47 94 54
Population activities 9 0 9
General education 60 49 63
Human settlements 0 0 5
Skill development 8 10 9
Women in development 0 0 0
XIV. General development assistance 301 203 261
Manufacturing 4 3 5
Mining 0 4 1
Commerce 0 8 5
Finance 283 170 223
Social welfare 0 1 1
Miscellaneous 14 17 26
Total sustainable development 1 078 667 832
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Same as table 1.
a/ See introduction.
Table 10. Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of
ODA to small island developing States and loans on
non-concessional terms, by priority areas of the
Programme of Action, a/ 1981-1995
(Millions of United States dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Priority areas 1981-1990 1991 1992 1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Climate change and
sealevel rise 0 0 0 0
II. Natural and environmental
disasters 3 0 0 0
III. Management of wastes 0 0 0 0
IV. Coastal and marine resources 5 0 10 14
V. Freshwater resources 43 32 0 12
VI. Land resources 95 58 48 71
Community development 29 0 38 0
Agriculture 67 58 10 71
Forestry 0 0 0 0
VII. Energy resources 82 0 25 1
Traditional energy sources 5 0 0 0
Alternative energy sources 25 0 15 1
Energy distribution and
conservation 52 0 10 0
VIII. Tourism resources 5 0 0 0
IX. Biodiversity resources 1 0 0 0
X. National institut. &
administrative capacity 22 414 94 95
Integrating env. & dev.
in decision-making 0 20 0 5
Information for decision-making 0 0 0 0
Other capacity-building 22 394 94 90
XI. Transport and communications 84 10 193 156
Land transport 68 7 171 150
Air transport 2 0 16 0
Sea transport 9 3 6 6
Communications 5 0 0 0
XII. Science and technology 0 0 0 0
XIII. Human resources development 61 148 24 256
Health 18 23 0 51
Population activities 1 0 0 19
General education 33 117 24 146
Human settlements 3 3 0 0
Skill development 7 5 0 40
Women in development 0 0 0 0
XIV. General development assistance 120 179 33 129
Manufacturing 53 30 0 0
Mining 0 0 0 0
Commerce 7 0 0 0
Finance 52 11 0 0
Social welfare 0 11 0 0
Miscellaneous 9 127 33 129
Total sustainable development 520 843 426 733
----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Priority areas 1994 1995 1991-1995
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Climate change and sealevel rise 0 0 0
II. Natural and environmental disasters 0 0 0
III. Management of wastes 0 12 2
IV. Coastal and marine resources 1 0 5
V. Freshwater resources 25 31 20
VI. Land resources 1 084 48 262
Community development 4 45 17
Agriculture 1 080 3 244
Forestry 0 0 0
VII. Energy resources 16 21 13
Traditional energy sources 11 21 6
Alternative energy sources 0 0 3
Energy distribution and conservation 5 0 3
VIII. Tourism resources 0 5 1
IX. Biodiversity resources 0 0 0
X. National institut. &
administrative capacity 56 83 148
Integrating env. & dev.
in decision-making 13 33 14
Information for decision-making 0 50 10
Other capacity-building 43 0 124
XI. Transport and communications 7 117 97
Land transport 7 90 85
Air transport 0 27 9
Sea transport 0 0 3
Communications 0 0 0
XII. Science and technology 0 0 0
XIII. Human resources development 30 86 109
Health 28 0 20
Population activities 0 0 4
General education 2 86 75
Human settlements 0 0 1
Skill development 0 0 9
Women in development 0 0 0
XIV. General development assistance 91 372 161
Manufacturing 5 0 7
Mining 0 0 0
Commerce 8 0 2
Finance 40 50 20
Social welfare 0 0 2
Miscellaneous 38 322 130
Total sustainable development 1 309 773 817
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Same as table 1.
a/ See introduction.
Table 11. DAC donors' combined ODA bilateral commitments to small
island developing States, by share of priority areas of
the Programme of Action, a/ 1981-1995
(Percentage)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Priority areas 1981-1990 1991 1992 1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Climate change and
sealevel rise 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
II. Natural and environmental
disasters 2.13 1.49 2.91 2.56
III. Management of wastes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
IV. Coastal and marine resources 1.66 2.07 3.49 5.59
V. Freshwater resources 3.27 2.53 4.80 1.40
VI. Land resources 8.65 21.24 12.23 4.42
Community development 1.64 9.18 4.66 1.86
Agriculture 6.68 11.94 5.68 2.44
Forestry 0.33 0.11 1.89 0.12
VII. Energy resources 5.72 5.74 2.62 2.10
Traditional energy sources 1.99 4.71 0.58 0.12
Alternative energy sources 1.90 0.23 0.15 1.05
Energy distribution and
conservation 1.83 0.80 1.89 0.93
VIII. Tourism resources 0.35 0.46 0.15 1.05
IX. Biodiversity resources 0.55 0.11 0.29 0.12
X. National institut. &
administrative capacity 5.47 8.61 18.20 9.78
Integrat. env. & dev.
in decision-making 0.10 1.49 0.29 2.68
Information for
decision-making 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35
Other capacity-building 5.36 7.12 17.90 6.75
XI. Transport and communications 9.89 16.65 5.39 10.71
Land transport 2.97 13.78 0.73 2.21
Air transport 2.65 0.11 1.31 0.35
Sea transport 1.38 0.34 2.04 7.80
Communications 2.89 2.41 1.31 0.35
XII. Science and technology 0.45 0.34 0.58 0.00
XIII. Human resources development 8.74 17.68 21.83 14.09
Health 2.47 5.05 6.26 5.12
Population activities 0.53 0.57 2.62 1.63
General education 3.42 11.02 7.71 6.40
Human settlements 1.66 0.11 3.20 0.12
Skill development 0.64 0.92 2.04 0.81
Women in development 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
XIV. General development
assistance 53.16 22.85 27.51 48.08
Manufacturing 2.62 0.46 1.16 0.81
Mining 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
Commerce 0.28 0.57 1.31 0.47
Finance 45.43 18.03 22.27 40.86
Social welfare 0.83 0.11 0.15 0.00
Miscellaneous 3.96 3.67 2.62 5.94
Total sustainable
development 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Priority areas 1994 1995 1991-1995
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Climate change and sealevel rise 0.00 0.00 0.00
II. Natural and environmental disasters 1.30 4.05 2.31
III. Management of wastes 0.09 0.45 0.10
IV. Coastal and marine resources 2.50 5.10 3.63
V. Freshwater resources 7.61 7.05 4.71
VI. Land resources 18.27 13.19 14.22
Community development 0.93 11.24 5.12
Agriculture 15.49 1.95 8.27
Forestry 1.86 0.00 0.84
VII. Energy resources 2.97 3.45 3.39
Traditional energy sources 0.19 0.00 1.15
Alternative energy sources 0.37 1.95 0.70
Energy distribution and conservation 2.41 1.50 1.54
VIII. Tourism resources 0.00 0.30 0.38
IX. Biodiversity resources 0.19 0.75 0.26
X. National institut. &
administrative capacity 11.60 9.15 11.29
Integrat. env. & dev. in
decision-making 2.04 3.00 1.92
Information for decision-making 1.76 0.00 0.53
Other capacity-building 7.79 6.15 8.84
XI. Transport and communications 15.77 3.00 11.15
Land transport 12.06 1.50 6.82
Air transport 0.28 0.75 0.50
Sea transport 2.60 0.45 2.76
Communications 0.83 0.30 1.06
XII. Science and technology 0.19 0.00 0.22
XIII. Human resources development 11.50 22.94 16.87
Health 4.36 14.09 6.54
Population activities 0.83 0.00 1.11
General education 5.57 7.35 7.52
Human settlements 0.00 0.00 0.58
Skill development 0.74 1.50 1.13
Women in development 0.00 0.00 0.00
XIV. General development assistance 27.92 30.43 31.36
Manufacturing 0.37 0.45 0.62
Mining 0.00 0.60 0.10
Commerce 0.00 1.20 0.62
Finance 26.25 25.49 26.77
Social welfare 0.00 0.15 0.07
Miscellaneous 1.30 2.55 3.17
Total sustainable development 100.00 100.00 100.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Same as table 1.
a/ See introduction.
Table 12. Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of ODA
to small island developing States and loans on
non-concessional terms, by share of priority areas of
the Programme of Action, a/ 1981-1995
(Percentage)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Priority areas 1981-1990 1991 1992 1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Climate change and
sealevel rise 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
II. Natural and environmental
disasters 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.00
III. Management of wastes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
IV. Coastal and marine resources 0.98 0.00 2.35 1.91
V. Freshwater resources 8.21 3.80 0.00 1.64
VI. Land resources 18.32 6.89 11.27 9.69
Community development 5.50 0.00 8.92 0.00
Agriculture 12.82 6.88 2.35 9.69
Forestry 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
VII. Energy resources 15.80 0.00 5.87 0.14
Traditional energy sources 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
Alternative energy sources 4.71 0.00 3.52 0.14
Energy distribution and
conservation 10.07 0.00 2.35 0.00
VIII. Tourism resources 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00
IX. Biodiversity resources 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00
X. National institut. &
administrative capacity 4.23 49.11 22.07 12.96
Integrating env. & dev. in
decision-making 0.00 2.37 0.00 0.68
Information for
decision-making 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Other capacity-building 4.23 46.74 22.07 12.28
XI. Transport and communication 16.07 1.19 45.31 21.28
Land transport 13.05 0.83 40.14 20.46
Air transport 0.40 0.00 3.76 0.00
Sea transport 1.73 0.36 1.41 0.82
Communications 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.00
XII. Science and technology 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
XIII. Human resources development 11.65 17.56 5.63 34.93
Health 3.42 2.73 0.00 6.96
Population activities 0.10 0.00 0.00 2.59
General education 6.27 13.88 5.63 19.92
Human settlements 0.50 0.36 0.00 0.00
Skill development 1.36 0.59 0.00 5.46
Women in development 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
XIV. General development assistance 23.06 21.23 7.75 17.60
Manufacturing 10.11 3.56 0.00 0.00
Mining 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Commerce 1.33 0.00 0.00 0.00
Finance 9.96 1.30 0.00 0.00
Social welfare 0.00 1.30 0.00 0.00
Miscellaneous 1.67 15.07 7.75 17.60
Total sustainable development 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
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Priority areas 1994 1995 1991-1995
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I. Climate change and sealevel rise 0.00 0.00 0.00
II. Natural and environmental disasters 0.00 0.00 0.00
III. Management of wastes 0.00 1.55 0.29
IV. Coastal and marine resources 0.08 0.00 0.61
V. Freshwater resources 1.91 4.01 2.45
VI. Land resources 82.81 6.21 32.05
Community development 0.31 5.82 2.13
Agriculture 82.51 0.39 29.92
Forestry 0.00 0.00 0.00
VII. Energy resources 1.22 2.72 1.54
Traditional energy sources 0.84 2.72 0.78
Alternative energy sources 0.00 0.00 0.39
Energy distribution and conservation 0.38 0.00 0.37
VIII. Tourism resources 0.00 0.65 0.12
IX. Biodiversity resources 0.00 0.00 0.00
X. National institut. &
administrative capacity 4.28 10.74 18.17
Integrating env. & dev. in
decision-making 0.99 4.27 1.74
Information for decision-making 0.00 6.47 1.22
Other capacity-building 3.28 0.00 15.21
XI. Transport and communication 0.53 15.14 11.83
Land transport 0.53 11.64 10.41
Air transport 0.00 3.49 1.05
Sea transport 0.00 0.00 0.37
Communications 0.00 0.00 0.00
XII. Science and technology 0.00 0.00 0.00
XIII. Human resources development 2.29 11.13 13.32
Health 2.14 0.00 2.50
Population activities 0.00 0.00 0.47
General education 0.15 11.13 9.18
Human settlements 0.00 0.00 0.07
Skill development 0.00 0.00 1.10
Women in development 0.00 0.00 0.00
XIV. General development assistance 6.95 48.12 19.69
Manufacturing 0.38 0.00 0.86
Mining 0.00 0.00 0.00
Commerce 0.61 0.00 0.20
Finance 3.06 6.47 2.47
Social welfare 0.00 0.00 0.27
Miscellaneous 2.90 41.66 15.89
Total sustainable development 100.00 100.00 100.00
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Source: Same as table 1.
a/ See introduction.
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Date last posted: 10 December 1999 17:25:35
Comments and suggestions: DESA/DSD