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Economic Aspects | Natural Resource Aspects | Institutional Aspects | Social Aspects |Kazakhstan
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Decision-Making: Coordinating Bodies
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Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
With the purposes of ensuring the rights of consumers on getting
complete and reliable information, and for the protection of internal market against
poor-quality imports, the Governmental Resolution of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.1274 of
August 31, 1999 "On the requirements on drawing the information in national and
Russian languages on labels of goods" has been adopted.
For a number of goods, mainly, consumer goods, listed in the Annex to this Resolution, any
citizen of Kazakhstan has the right to get the following information in the national and
Russian languages: the names of the goods, country and manufacturer, date of
manufacturing, application time, conditions of storage, ways of application, and food
value.
From February 1, 2000 and April 1, 2000, respectively, import and sale
of consumer goods will be stopped if without information labels (packing, instructions and
etc.) in national and Russian languages. The information should correspond to the
standards and other requirements specified by the legislation of the Republic of
Kazakhstan.
According to the requirements of the RK, State Standard measures on the control for import
of goods with expired application time or representing danger to the environment have been
made tougher.
Kazakhstan by virtue of the geopolitical situation, as the large transit state on the boundary of two continents, can not remain aside from global economic processes. In this connection it is very important to support and develop cooperation with basic countries - trade partners of the country, to improve the forms and methods of internal macroeconomic policy and foreign trade activities.
Decision-Making: Major Groups Involvement
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Programmes and Projects
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Status
On preliminary evaluation of the Agency on Statistics of the Republic
of Kazakhstan, Gross Domestic Product for the first 9 months of 1999 recorded 1,421
billion Tenge, which is a 0.3% increase from the same period in the previous year. In the
GDP structure there was an increase in the share of manufacturing of goods. The actual
weight of the industrial sector has increased to 22.5% from the 22.2 % in 1998, and that
of agriculture increased to 9.7 % from 8.7% in 1998. The real volume of GDP in the third
quarter of 1999 has grown by 105.3% from the same period in 1998.
The structure of Gross Domestic Product is characterized by the following data:
Structure of GDP, % |
||
9 months of 1998. Report. |
9 months of 1999. |
|
|
100 |
100 |
|
34.7 |
35.5 |
|
22.2 |
22.5 |
|
8.7 |
9.7 |
|
3.8 |
3.4 |
|
59.9 |
59.2 |
|
18.7 |
17.5 |
|
10.6 |
10.7 |
|
5.4 |
5.3 |
Volumes of Kazakhstan production in general in the CIS are as follows: 4 % of uranium, 97 % of chrome, 70 % of lead, and 50 % of zinc. Production of other kinds of raw materials, as well as pure precious metals, including gold, is significant. Kazakhstan ranks first place among members of the CIS in explored reserves of lead, zinc and bismuth, and second place in reserves of copper, molybdenum, bauxite, oil, phosphates and cadmium.
The development of economy for the first 9 months of 1999 can be possibly characterized by the following indicators:
( % to the appropriate period of the previous year)
January – September of 1998 |
January – September of 1999 |
|
|
100.0 |
100.3 |
|
98.8 |
100.0 |
|
77.9 |
118.9 |
|
142.8 |
103.1 |
|
92.5 |
92.2 |
|
83 |
82 |
|
97 |
125 |
|
76 |
84 |
|
102.7 |
135.2 |
|
108.6 |
113.3 |
* Source: Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Foreign Trade Turnover of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Foreign trade turnover of the country (on the basis of data of customs statistics
taking into account data on unorganized trade) from January to September of 1999 has
recorded 7,485.6 million USD, including export of 3,708.2 million USD, and import of
3,777.4 million USD.
As a whole, for the main export nomenclature for January to August of 1999 in comparison
with the same period in 1998, the analysis of the price and quantitative deliveries shows
a decrease in the cost of export by 25%. Reduction of exports in the CIS countries has
recorded 56 %. In countries outside the CIS, exports have increased by 1%.
The estimated growth rate of the total volume of export recorded 35% in the third quarter
as against the second quarter of the current year. It is basically connected to the growth
of physical volumes of export production.
Growth of physical volumes of export as well as growth of average export contract price in
comparison with that of the second quarter is observed as follows: rolled ferrous metal by
2 %; copper and lead by 3 %; chrome ores and concentrates, gold, grain by 5 %; aluminum by
8 %; and oil and gas condensate by 21 %.
In the country, export of oil products has been renewed. The Atyrau Refinery is completely
oriented to export. The joint-stock company "ShNOS" has restored the market of
sales of its production in the Kyrgyz Republic.
In the structure of foreign trade there were no progressive changes. In the total volume
of export for the analyzed period, the specific weight of food and raw material was
reduced by 4 percentage points, and mineral products by 3 percentage points. At the same
time a share of metallurgical industry has increased by 3, and chemical industry by 2
percentage points.
The rates of import decrease for the first 9 months of 1999 exceed the rates of export
reduction. It is connected to the rise in the cost of import equipment, transport, and
reduction of volumes of food imports, all related to the restrictions on foreign trade
adopted during 1999.
Due to the constraining influence of devaluation of Tenge, the growth of volumes of
unorganized import in the second quarter was reduced by 30 %.
The countries outside CIS play an important role in meeting the needs of the country. Over
the analyzed period, the share of the following imports out of the total imports recorded
as follows: mechanical engineering 62%; food 64%; pharmaceutical goods 76%; clothes 86%.
The CIS countries continue to remain the basic suppliers of mineral products. The share of
import from these countries on fuel and energy resources during January to August of 1999
recorded 87 %.
Noting the beginning growth of world prices of raw materials from the second half of 1999
and taking into account the devaluation factor, promoting decrease in the production costs
at the expense of reduction of prices in the structure of the cost price of industrial
production of material inputs, it is possible to predict a positive influence of these
factors on the increase of the level of competitiveness of Kazakhstani production in the
world commodity markets and opportunity of enhancing the use of the export potential of
the country.
Trade in Grain
Food grain is one of components of exports of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Export of grain
among total exports takes up about 5-7 %. Production of grain in Kazakhstan, depending on
climatic and weather conditions, as well as technical equipment of agricultural producers,
varies on the average from 7 to 17 million tons a year. This year grain yield has made up
about 12 million tons, which is 1.5 times more than the indicators of the previous year.
In 1998 production of grain in Kazakhstan has made up about 7.5 million tons or about 1 %
of the world grain crop. In 1999 the share of Kazakhstan in the world volume of grain
production can increase up to 1.7 %.
The specific weight of grain in the structure of export of the country in 1998, in
comparison with 1997, has decreased by 2.5%, or 217.8 million USD. In the first half of
1999 export of grain in comparison with the same period previous was reduced by 56% and
has made up 73 million USD. The specific weight in the structure of the total export was
reduced by 2 % additionally.
About 90% of grain in Kazakhstan is annually exported to CIS countries. The Russian
Federation is traditionally the basic importer of Kazakhstani wheat. Export of wheat to
Russia in 1998 in comparison with 1997 was reduced by 30% and has made about 1 million
tons. However, in the first half of 1999 export of wheat to Russia in comparison with the
same period in the previous year has increased insignificantly and has made up more than
350 thousand tons or 54% of the total grain export. This year in the structure of grain
export the export of wheat has increased as follows: to Tajikistan by 8%, to Ukraine by 5
%, and to Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan by 1%.
The restriction of the offer of grain to the Caucasian countries from Russia and Ukraine
can increase demand on Kazakhstani grain. On the grain crop of 1999 Kazakhstan has signed
the appropriate agreements with Uzbekistan and Iran. Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and
Turkmenistan also remain the traditional consumers of Kazakhstani grain.
Trade in Oil, Lead and Zinc
Volumes of oil and associated gas production during the first 10 months of 1999
exceeded volumes for the same period of the previous year. From January to October of
1999, the index of physical volume in comparison with that of January to October of 1998,
has recorded a growth of 112 %. The figure for October of 1999 in comparison with that of
September increased by 109 %.
Production of oil from January to October has made up 21.9 million tons, and gas
condensate, 2.6 million tons. In 1998, 25 enterprises produced oil in Kazakhstan. 23.8
million tons of oil was extracted in 1998. Among the CIS countries Kazakhstan is the
second greatest oil manufacturer after Russia, and among 90 countries of the world
community, Kazakhstan is included among the top 30 countries. Production of metal ores has
not reached the level of the previous year (reduction of index of physical volume by 13.2
%).
The basic iron-ore regions of Kazakhstan are Kostanai and Karaganda Oblasts. The JSC
"SSGPO" and JSC "Lisakovsk GOK" in Kostanai Oblast, where more than 80
% of iron ore is concentrated, are the producers in the country. Also the JSC
"Atasuruda" of Karagandy Oblast deal in production and processing of ore. The
basic consumers are metallurgical industrial complexes of Russia and China. Reserves of
Kazakhstani ores make up about 700 million tons, including industrial reserves of about
400 million tons. On reserves of iron ore Kazakhstan occupies the eighth place in the
world. On production of iron ore Kazakhstan occupies the tenth place in the world after
China, Brazil, Australia, Russia, USA, India and Ukraine, the share of which is more than
80% of the total iron ore produced in the world.
In non-ferrous metallurgy some reduction of index in the physical volume (98%) at the
expense of cutting down of production of rare metals and affinaged gold is observed.
However, there is growth of production on the basic types of production: zinc by 104 %,
lead, 132 %, and refined copper, 114 %.
Challenges
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Information
At the moment in Kazakhstan the official Website on trade is absent. Only generalized data on the economic situation in Kazakhstan, published in Internet by the Republican State Enterprise "Kazinvest" are available.
Research and Technologies
No information is available.
Financing
No information is available.
Cooperation
No information is available.
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This information was provided by the Government of Kazakstan to the 8th Session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. Last Update: December 1999.
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No information available.
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Decision-Making: Coordinating Bodies
The Ministry of Finance is responsible for matters concerning financial resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies and Plans
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Decision-Making: Major Groups Involvement
No information is available.
Programmes and Projects
No information is available.
Status
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Challenges
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No information is available.
Information
According to the Constitutional norms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Ministry of Finance is going to issue Statistical Bulletin, which is intended for a wide range of readers and will contain information on state finance. Statistical Bulletin of the Ministry includes the data on financial operations of the RK Government and of local implementing agencies, the data on government debt and government guaranteed debts, government stocks emitted by the Ministry, and data on privatization.
The Statistical Bulletin is presented to representatives of foreign organizations in Kazakhstan:
At present the Ministry of Finance carries out the activity of establishing Web-sites of the Ministry of Finance to make available information on state finance of RK. It's planned to have a representative of the RK Ministry of Finance in Internet in January 2000.
Research and Technologies
No information is available.
Financing
No information is available.
Cooperation
No information is available.
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This information was provided by the Government of Kazakstan to the 8th Session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. Last Update: December 1999.
For information on
participating States in the Global Environment Facility, click here:
For information about issues
and projects in Eastern Europe and Central Asia from the World Bank, click here:
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BIOTECHNOLOGY
Decision-Making: Coordinating Bodies
The Ministry of Ecology and the Centre of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD) are responsible for biotechnology issues. The NEAP/SD Centre studies international experiences and develops technologies of animals, plants and resources protection.
Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies and Plans
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Decision-Making: Major Groups Involvement
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Programmes and Projects
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Status
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Challenges
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available.
Capacity-building, Education, Training and Awareness-raising
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Information
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Research and Technologies
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Financing
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Cooperation
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This information is based on Kazakhstan's submission to the 5th Session of the Commission on Sustainable Development, April 1997. Last update: June 1997.
Click here to link to the Biosafety
Information Network and Advisory Service (BINAS), a service of the United Nations
Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), which monitors global developments in
regulatory issues in biotechnology.
Click here to go to the Web Site of UNEP's
International Register on Biosafety.
Click here for the International Centre
for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Biosafety WebPages
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Decision-Making: Coordinating Bodies
The Ministry of Ecology and the Centre of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD) are responsible for technology issues.
Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies, and Plans
Kazakhstan is ready to establish a National Cleaner Production Centre (NCPC) within the framework of the National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD)Project approved by the RK Government. The NEAP/SD Centre is capable of serving as the nexus for research and dissemination of cleaner production processes for major industrial sectors. The NCPC will have a co-ordinating and catalytic role in regard to cleaner production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant demonstration, training, information dissemination, and policy assessment.
Decision-Making: Major Groups Involvement
No information is available.
Programmes and Projects
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Status
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Challenges
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Capacity-building, Education, Training and Awareness-raising
No information is available.
Information
No information is available.
Research and Technologies
No information is available.
Financing
No information is available.
Cooperation
No information is available.
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This information is based on Kazakhstan's submission to the 5th Session of the Commission on Sustainable Development, April 1997. Last update: June 1997.
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Decision-Making: Coordinating Bodies
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Legislation and RegulationsNo information is available.
Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies, and Plans
Kazakhstan is ready to establish a National Cleaner Production Centre (NCPC) within the framework of the National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD)Project approved by the RK Government. The NEAP/SD Centre is capable of serving as the nexus for research and dissemination of cleaner production processes for major industrial sectors. The NCPC will have a co-ordinating and catalytic role in regard to cleaner production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant demonstration, training, information dissemination, and policy assessment.
Decision-Making: Major Groups Involvement
No information is available.
Programmes and Projects
No information is available.
Status
No information is available.
Challenges
No information is available.
Capacity-building, Education, Training and Awareness-raising
No information is available.
Information
No information is available.
Research and Technologies
No information is available.
Financing
No information is available.
Cooperation
No information is available.
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This information is based on Kazakhstan's submission to the 5th Session of the Commission on Sustainable Development, April 1997. Last update: June 1997.
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No information available.
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