ANTONIO COSTA, Prime Minister of Portugal, said the seventy‑fifth anniversary allows all nations to recommit to the principles of the United Nations Charter.  While some global challenges are new, he noted some are recurrent and persistent, including the need to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.  The corrosive effects of poverty, extremism and gender bias also threaten regional and global stability.  Climate change and pandemics respect no borders, he said, and only through cooperation can the world advance digital inclusion and regulate markets.  Climate change represents existential threat, with oceans representing the new frontier of human development, facing rising temperatures and deoxidization.  He called on the international community to keep the spirit of 1945 while moving forward with a sense of shared hope.

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