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Water for Life Decade >> UN publications UN PUBLICATIONSNovember 2011 Aquaculture farmer organizations and cluster management. Concepts and Experiences Small-scale producers are facing new opportunities and challenges in today's markets. This review provides an overview of an approach to assist small-scale farmers to overcome these challenges and effectively participate in and influence modern market chains and trade. This review focuses specifically on the development of small-scale aquaculture farmer organizations, drawing on experience from both agriculture and aquaculture sector farmer organizations. The purpose is to provide strategic guidance for public and private stakeholders involved in supporting small-scale aquaculture farmer organizations in developing countries. The objectives of the review are to help these actors gain a better understanding of: (1) how to assist small-scale aquaculture farmers in connecting to input suppliers and buyers of their products, including identifying market niches and providing market information and particularly addressing issues related to improving their compliance to food-safety-related international trading standards; (2) how to improve small farmers' access to technical knowledge, financial and technical services, particularly towards improving bio-security and decreasing disease risks; (3) how to apply the existing cluster management and farmer society concepts to aquaculture development in Africa and Asia, enabling increased access to input and output markets and services, and increased influence over government to create national policies which are conducive to the small-scale aquaculture sector; (4) how to develop private and public institutions that deliver services to the small-scale sector; and (5) how to develop responsive government policies that are focused towards support of the small-scale sector.
 Assessing Progress in Africa toward the Millennium Development Goals. MDG Report 2011 This report presents an overall assessment of Africa's progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Progress towards Goal 7, Ensure Environmental Sustainability, and specifically towards Target 7.C 'Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation', is assessed in Section II of the Report. Section III takes as its thematic focus social protection programs, including water-related programmes, as they relate to the MDGs in a selected number of African countries. Section IV concludes with recommendations on the way forward.
 Children's Vulnerability to Climate Change and Disaster Impacts in East Asia and the Pacific This report provides an overview of the climate change trends and potential impacts on children in East Asia and the Pacific that appeared in studies covering five countries that were commissioned by UNICEF. The country studies highlight children's specific vulnerability to climate change that needs to be taken into account in policy development. Children noted a range of experiences ranging from livelihood insecurity in Mongolia to threats of sea level rising in the Pacific Islands to massive flooding of their neighbourhoods in the Philippines and crop failures in Indonesia. The scientific research indicates that existing vulnerabilities will likely be exacerbated by continued climate change. Involving children in the design of policy and designing climate change policies with children's rights in mind are essential to creating policies that do not have unintended negative consequences. More specifically, Chapter 3.3. addresses the issue of 'Increased risk of water scarcity' and Chapter 3.4. the issue of 'Transmission of waterborne and food-borne diseases'.
Conference book from the International UN-Water Conference 'Water in the Green Economy in Practice: Towards Rio+20'UN-Water Decade Programme on Advocacy and Communication (UNW-DPAC). November 2011 This conference book presents main outcomes of the International UN-Water Conference 'Water in the Green Economy in Practice: Towards Rio+20', which took place in Zaragoza, Spain, from 3 to 5 October 2011.  Chapter 1. Water on the Road to Rio+20 Chapter 2. Challenges and opportunities for water in the transition to a green economy  Chapter 3. Thematic conference papers Chapter 4. Conference summary: Water in the Green Economy in practice [  Chapter 5. The way forward Annex 1. Water toolbox: A contribution to Rio+20 Annex 2. Feedback report [ Annex 3. Communications report [
 Deep Words, Shallow Words: An Initial Analysis of Water Discourse in Four Decades of United Nations Declarations In the lead-up to the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (CSD) to be held in June 2012,this paper presents a comparative analysis of how issues related to water have been represented in significant UN Declarations related to water and environment over the past forty years. The aim is to analyze the discourse of water by assessing instances in which certain keywords attain more or less depth of meaning and to examine how this is achieved. To make this comparison, the paper undertakes both a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the discourse of water and water-related issues across four decades of Declarations.
 Human Development Report 2011. Sustainability and Equity: a better future for all The Human Development Report 2011 explores the intersections between environmental sustainability and equity. The Report reveals how environmental degradation hurts poor and vulnerable groups more than others. The devastating impacts of lack of access to potable water and to basic sanitation is addressed in Chapter 3 'Tracing the effects – understanding the relations', and the issue of 'Water access, water security and sanitation' is addressed in Chapter 4 'Positive synergies—winning strategies for the environment, equity and human development'.
 Identifying the Potential for Results-Based Financing for Sanitation [ This working paper aims to identify practical ideas for advancing the use of innovative financing mechanisms focused on results and performance, with a view to supporting the delivery of sustainable sanitation services. To this end, the document reviews: (1) The rationale for examining Results-Based Financing (RBF) instruments for sanitation; (2) Current issues with sanitation, where "misaligned incentives" mean that inadequate services are being provided or demanded; (3) How public funding, if allocated based on results, could help with realigning incentives; and (4) Common issues and challenges with the design of RBF instruments.
 Keeping track of our changing environment. From Rio to Rio+20 (1992-2012) [ This report provides a compilation of statistical data, numerically-based graphs and illustrative "before and after" satellite images tracking environmental changes that have swept the planet over the last twenty years since decision-makers met at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro. The report includes trends in natural hazards (floods, droughts, etc.) and in improved sanitation and drinking water coverage among others.
 Populations at Risk of Disaster. A Resettlement Guide [ This book is designed for governments that make decisions on the application of preventive resettlement programs as disaster risk reduction measures, as well as for institutions and professionals in charge of preparing and implementing these programs, civil society organizations participating in resettlement and risk reduction processes, and at-risk communities. The guide has two parts. The first consists of two chapters. The first of these looks at disasters, including hydrometeorological disasters (floods, droughts, etc.), occurring worldwide and their impacts, and discusses strategic frameworks for disaster risk reduction. The second chapter analyzes resettlement as a preventive measure in the context of comprehensive risk management policy. Part II consists of four phases. The first phase describes the steps to determine whether a population exposed to the impacts of a natural hazard should be resettled. Phase 2 sets out the key aspects of the resettlement process that should be defined before starting to prepare a preventive resettlement program. Phase 3 discusses the analysis required to formulate a resettlement program. phase 4 describes the process of formulating the resettlement program.
 Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster. Experiences from Latin America As a companion to the Populations at Risk of Disaster: A Resettlement Guide, this publication presents different case studies from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Guatemala. Chapter I analyzes global natural disaster trends and their impacts. It also studies these trends in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and the principal factors that increase the vulnerability to natural disasters. Chapter II analyzes resettlement as a risk reduction measure and describes the objectives and methodology of the cases studied. The next four chapters present the findings of each. Each case presents the country context, the area where the study was conducted, the geographical distribution of the population, the principal natural hazards to which it is exposed, the major disasters faced, and the specific risk management model applied. Each case highlights experiences that can be replicated, from identifying at-risk populations to the post-resettlement phase.
 Rwanda. From Post-Conflict to Environmentally Sustainable Development. Chapter 9: Water Resources [ This report presents a package of practical interventions to assist the ongoing metamorphosis of Rwanda. It calls for mobilizing and focusing investments in key areas, including ecosystem rehabilitation, renewable energy, conservation agriculture and innovative water and sanitation technologies. Chapter 9 specifically deals with the issue of water resources. This chapter provides a general overview of freshwater resources in Rwanda, an overview of water consumption and an analysis of the water governance situation, and identifies some key issues and challenges for the country which include projected massive increases in water demand; drinking water scarcity; suspended sediment pollution; emerging threats to freshwater supplies; and strengthening water governance.
 UN-Water annual report 2010 [ The 2010 annual report of UN-Water presents activities implemented by UN-Water in 2010, along with updates on its publications, programmes, task forces and thematic priority areas.
 World Aquaculture 2010 [ This document provides an overview of global aquaculture status and development trends as a synthesis of such status and trends in six regions of the world: Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Near East and North Africa, Northern America and Sub-Saharan Africa.
October 2011 Global Drylands: A UN system-wide response This report focuses on the importance of the drylands issue on the global agenda and its relation to other issues, including climate change, food security and human settlements. The report illustrates the many ways in which the UN system is identifying opportunities to mainstream the drylands agenda into the policy-making process. It sets out a common vision and agenda for UN-wide action on dryland management and its role in addressing climate change and food security through a positive development and investment approach. The report is aimed at a number of audiences, with certain objectives: (1) UN agencies themselves, to clarify the commitment made to drylands and act as a reference guide; (2) Governments of developed and developing countries, as a normative guide on the UN's position on, and commitment to, the development of drylands; (3) The private sector and donors, to encourage and inspire them to think about the viability and unique opportunities presented by drylands, and (4) Civil society, to encourage advocacy on the development of drylands, and empowerment of their populations.
 Information products for Nile Basin Water Resources Management This set of information products contains a series of reports, manuals and posters intended to strengthen the ability of the governments of the ten Nile countries to take informed decisions with regard to water resources policy and management in the Nile Basin. It includes consolidated spatial information on water and agriculture in the region; a forecast of the region's future food requirements; a survey of the types of farming systems practiced along the Nile and; an analysis of possible future scenarios for water management and agriculture development.
 Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters This Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the status of transboundary waters in the European and Asian parts of the UNECE region. The Assessment presents an analysis of pressures, quantity and quality status, transboundary impacts, as well as responses and future trends of transboundary water resources in the region and highlights regional differences, specificities and vulnerabilities. Legal, institutional and socio-economic issues have a prominent place in this Second Assessment, given their crucial importance for transboundary water cooperation. The report aims to inform, guide and spur further action by national and local authorities, joint bodies and international and non-governmental organizations to improve the status of transboundary waters and related ecosystems.
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