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'UKUS.,    ..@~s@ 3      #iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{~sK  3     B X K(O?;z|P.p p @@@E'p9p'H  a"UKUS.,    ..@~s@ 3      #iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{  J~s  a (UKUS.,    ..@~s@ 3      #iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{~sK  3     B X K(O?;z|P.$# p @@@E'#9#'P%  a"UKUS.,    ..@~s@ 3      #iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{  J~s\8@8_Header A&BRegular documentsVV\8@8_Header A&BRegular documentsVV\8@8_Header A&BRegular documentsVV\8@8_Header A&BRegular documents  VV\8@8_Header A&BRegular documents  VVсLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5  !$UKUS.,@@    ..=) 3   @     & 2@@S7Ydd7@V#iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{  J6& 3    g! ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A  2  D=)ӈ0   GeneralAssemblyresolution45/158,annex.  !$UKUS.,@@    ..=) 3   @     & 2@@S7Ydd7@V#iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{  J6& 3    g! ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A  3  D=)ӈ0   UnitedNations,TreatySeries,vol.189,No.2545.  !$UKUS.,@@    ..=) 3   @     & 2@@S7Ydd7@V#iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{  J6& 3    g! ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A  4  D=)ӈ0   Ibid.,vol.606,No.8791.  !$UKUS.,@@    ..=) 3   @     & 2@@S7Ydd7@V#iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{  J6& 3    g! ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A  5  D=)ӈ0   Ibid.,vol.75,Nos.970!973.\8@8_Header A&BRegular documents VV  aM(UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE Aގ  vSymbol2ޏ  ގ  vSymbol1ޏ7#u##{۔# J M'UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE A!!E#Symbol2  !!E#Symbol1 k aM(UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE ASymbol2  Symbol1#u##{۔# J M'UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE A!!E#Symbol2  !!E#Symbol1 k aM(UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE ASymbol2  Symbol1#u##{۔# J M'UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE A!!E#Symbol2  !!E#Symbol1  aM(UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE Aގ  vSymbol2ޏ  ގ  vSymbol1ޏ7#u##{۔# J M'UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE A!!E#Symbol2  !!E#Symbol1 k aM(UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE ASymbol2  Symbol1#u##{۔# J M'UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE A!!E#Symbol2  !!E#Symbol1 k aM(UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE ASymbol2  Symbol1#u##{۔# J M'UKUS.,  ..~j"x +n S{E!"'m)+/16389^;=X~{{{        N{NA&T) xdgE A!!E#Symbol2  !!E#Symbol1~0~B4_PortraitBasic codes for Portrait orientationTRX3'"Letter (Portrait)3'3'"Letter (Portrait)3'T    XX ,Y{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{  m5 3        & 2TRX3'S7 dd7V   'UKUS.,    ..Z3Z 3      #iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{3Y 3       A&T) xdE A <   YYYYA/S21/5    a (UKUS.,    ..Z3Z 3      #iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{3Y 3     A&T) xdE A <   YYYYA/S21/5    !$UKUS.,@@    ..=) 3   @     & 2@@S7Ydd7@V#iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{  J6& 3    g! ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A  6  D=)ӈ0   GeneralAssemblyresolution34/180,annex.~0N14_PortraitBasic codes for Portrait orientationTRX3'"Letter (Portrait)3'3'"Letter (Portrait)3'T    XX ,Y{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{  M2 3        & 2TRX3'S7ydd7V  'UKUS.,    ..@~s@ 3      #iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{~sK  3       A&T) xdE A <   K  KK  KA/S21/5    a(UKUS.,    ..@~s@ 3      #iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{~sK  3     A&T) xdE A <   K  KK  KA/S21/5    !$UKUS.,@@    ..=) 3   @     & 2@@S7Ydd7@V#iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{  J6& 3    g! ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A  1  D=)ӈ0   ReportoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment,Cairo,5!13September1994  (UnitedNationspublication,SalesNo.E.95.XIII.18),chap.I,resolution1,annex.(n$ (  1  )   %'UKUS.,    ..M2 3      #iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{`M2) ` 3       A&T) xdE A     )  ))  )A/S21/5/Add.1    a%(UKUS.,    ..M2 3      #iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{`M2) ` 3     A&T) xdE A     )  ))  )A/S21/5/Add.1   &UKUS.,  <>N9919756E<>  <>A/S21/5/Add.1<><><>"(xj$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#2 e(  0  )3  0 (# (#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#2 e(  a  )3  0h(#(#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#2 e(   )3  0h(#h(#(t$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#2 e  0  )3  0(#(#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#2 e  a  )3  0p(#(#fY8_Tab SingleTabs for single columng!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A 6!UKUS.,    ..=) 3        & 2S7Ydd7V#iddd{g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=AX{  #C UT}T}T} }[TRX3'"Letter (Portrait)3'3'"Letter (Portrait)3'T    XXg!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A=)=)=)=) 33        & 2TRX3'SS7Ydd7VV  T/3T/8T/? ru  =)=)=)=)  3  & 2   t[FA&T)  dp{E A?&T' ! dE! ?~ : !: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A~  GWGCz|  `@ H@E    0 : 0 :#:#d=)=) =)#Sid    UnitedNationsd   =) #idS    ++># # #!  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C?C?=)C?#idbP    ݈  "(ha ##(P  =)G^#_Lid  GeneralAssembly  P* C?G=)C?^#id_L        Distr.:General1July1999Original:English     k(ha ll(=)=)=)=)#idid 3          & 2 "&FRSS   o 3  Twentyfirstspecialsession   Agendaitem8      =)=)=)=)#idid   Overallreviewandappraisaloftheimplementationofthe & ProgrammeofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment     =)=)=)=)#idid 3        =)=)=)=)#idid 33    \@C AW<6789:  #C  =)=)=)=)#idid 33          ~g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A: ~& 2SS  hU     =)=) =)#Sid  3    0 : 0::ReportoftheAdHocCommitteeoftheWholeofthe N\ Twenty-firstSpecialSessionoftheGeneralAssemblyhU  #idS 3  =) P^         0 : 0::Rapporteur:Ms.Gabriella Vukovich (Hungary)(  0 : 0::Addendum  +=)w=)+/=)XXXw=)/S    =)=)XUX=)#Vid  3    0 : 0::KeyactionsforthefurtherimplementationoftheProgramme" 0 : 0::ofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulation  0 : 0::andDevelopmentSa XUXXXU=)XXU#idV 3$         e    M=)=)M=)=)#idid  3     :I.0  PreambleeHis =)=)=)=)=)=)#idid 3_m'         +=)w=)+0 : 0::1. TheProgrammeofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationand u) Development O#  1      ׀approvedbyconsensusby179countriesinSeptember1994,ascontained = K * inthereportoftheConferenceandasendorsedbytheGeneralAssemblyinitsresolution49/128of19December1994,markedthebeginningofanewerainpopulationanddevelopment.TheobjectiveofthelandmarkagreementreachedattheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopmentwastoraisethequalityoflifeandthewellbeingofhumanbeings,andtopromotehumandevelopmentbyrecognizingtheinterrelationshipsbetweenpopulationanddevelopmentpoliciesandprogrammesaimingtoachievepovertyeradication,sustainedeconomicgrowthinthecontextofsustainable/=)w=)|/development,education,especiallyforgirls,genderequityandequality,infant,childand }&&2 maternalmortalityreduction,theprovisionofuniversalaccesstoreproductivehealthservices,includingfamilyplanningandsexualhealth,sustainablepatternsofconsumptionandproduction,foodsecurity,humanresourcesdevelopmentandtheguaranteeofallhuman ((5  t[FU  rights,includingtherighttodevelopmentasauniversalandinalienablerightandanintegralpartoffundamentalhumanrights.   -k C AW<6789:   AW<6789:C7dd7  #idid 33          & 2SS55=)=)=)=)g!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A!: ! @M"$%Y*+x-'23F59;=A  :::0  2. TheProgrammeofActionacknowledgesthatthegoaloftheempowermentand  autonomyofwomenandtheimprovementoftheirpolitical,social,economicandhealthstatusisahighlyimportantendinitselfandisessentialfortheachievementofsustainabledevelopment.Greaterinvestmentsinhealthandeducationservicesforallpeople,andinparticularwomen,toenablethefullandequalparticipationofwomenincivil,cultural,economic,politicalandsociallifeareessentialtoachievingtheobjectivesoftheProgrammeofAction.  :::0  3. TheProgrammeofActionemphasizesthateveryonehastherighttoeducation,which N   shallbedirectedtothefulldevelopmentofhumanresources,andhumandignityandpotential,withparticularattentiontowomenandthegirlchild,andthereforeeveryoneshouldbeprovidedwiththeeducationnecessarytomeetbasichumanneedsandtoexercisehumanrights.Itcallsfortheeliminationofallpracticesthatdiscriminateagainstwomen,andaffirmsthatadvancinggenderequalityandequityandtheempowermentofwomen,andtheeliminationofallkindsofviolenceagainstwomen,andensuringwomen'sabilitytocontroltheirownfertilityarecornerstonesofpopulationanddevelopmentrelatedprogrammes.Itaffirmsthatthehumanrightsofwomenandthegirlchildareaninalienable,integralandindivisiblepartofuniversalhumanrights.Itfurtheraffirmsthatreproductiverightsembracecertainhumanrightsthatarealreadyrecognizedinnationallaws,internationalhumanrightsdocuments,andotherconsensusdocuments.Theserightsrestontherecognitionofthebasicrightofallcouplesandindividualstodecidefreelyandresponsiblythenumber,spacingandtimingoftheirchildrenandtohavetheinformationandmeanstodoso,andtherighttoattainthehigheststandardofsexualandreproductivehealth.Italsoincludestheirrighttomakedecisionsconcerningreproductionfreeofdiscrimination,coercionandviolence,asexpressedinhumanrightsdocuments.Intheexerciseofthisright,theyshouldtakeintoaccounttheneedsoftheirlivingandfuturechildrenandtheirresponsibilitiestowardsthecommunity.Thepromotionoftheresponsibleexerciseofthoserightsforallpeopleshouldbethefundamentalbasisforgovernmentandcommunitysupportedpoliciesandprogrammesintheareaofreproductivehealth,includingfamilyplanning.  :::0  4. TheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopmentanditsimplementation "" mustbeseenasbeingcloselyrelatedtotheoutcomeandcoordinatedfollowuptotheothermajorUnitedNationsconferencesheldinthe1990s.ProgressintheimplementationoftheProgrammeofActionshouldbesupportiveofandconsistentwiththeintegratedfollow-uptoallmajorUnitedNationsconferencesandsummits.  :::0  5. TheimplementationoftherecommendationscontainedintheProgrammeofAction #X( andthosecontainedinthepresentdocumentisthesovereignrightofeachcountry,consistentwithnationallawsanddevelopmentpriorities,withfullrespectforthevariousreligiousandethicalvaluesandculturalbackgroundsofitspeople,andinconformitywithuniversallyrecognizedinternationalhumanrights.  :::0  6. TheProgrammeofActionrecommendedasetofinterdependentquantitativegoals 8'!. andobjectives.Theseincludeduniversalaccesstoprimaryeducation,withspecialattentiontoclosingthegendergapinprimaryandsecondaryschooleducation,whereveritexists;universalaccesstoprimaryhealthcare;universalaccesstoafullrangeofcomprehensivereproductivehealthcareservices,includingfamilyplanning,assetoutinparagraph7.6oftheProgrammeofAction;reductionsininfant,childandmaternalmorbidityand mortality;andincreasedlifeexpectancy.TheProgrammeofActionalsoproposedasetof +>&4 qualitativegoalsthataremutuallysupportiveandofcriticalimportancetoachievingthequantitativegoalsandobjectives.   :::0  7. TheProgrammeofActionarticulatesacomprehensiveapproachtoissuesofpopulation  anddevelopment,identifyingarangeofdemographicandsocialgoalstobeachievedovera20-yearperiod.WhiletheProgrammeofActiondoesnotquantifygoalsforpopulationgrowth,structureanddistribution,itreflectstheviewthatanearlystabilizationofworldpopulationwouldmakeacrucialcontributiontorealizingtheoverarchingobjectiveofsustainabledevelopment.  :::0  8. AccordingtotheUnitedNationsestimatesandprojections,theworldspopulation    willexceed6billionforthefirsttimein1999,ofwhichnearly80percentwillbelivingindevelopingcountries.Dependingonthequalityandthemagnitudeoftheactionstakenoverthenext5to10yearsintheareasofpopulationpolicyandreproductivehealth,includingtheprovisionoffamilyplanningservices,worldpopulationwilltotalsomewherebetween6.9billionand7.4billionin2015.Themajorityoftheworldscountriesareconverginginapatternoflowbirthanddeathrates,butsincethesecountriesareproceedingatdifferentspeeds,theemergingpictureisthatofaworldfacingincreasinglydiversedemographicsituations.Theworldsreproductiveagepopulationcontinuestogrowataslightlyhigherratethantheworldspopulationasawhole,reflectingthelargenumberofyoungpeopleenteringtheirchildbearingyears.TheProgrammeofActionrightlyemphasizestheneedtofullyintegratepopulationconcernsintodevelopmentstrategiesandplanning,takingintoaccounttheinterrelationshipofpopulationissueswiththegoalsofpovertyeradication,foodsecurity,adequateshelter,employmentandbasicsocialservicesforall,withtheobjectiveofimprovingthequalityoflifeofpresentandfuturegenerationsthroughappropriatepopulationanddevelopmentpoliciesandprogrammes.  :::0  9. Thefiveyearreviewofprogressshowsthattheimplementationofthe T recommendationsoftheProgrammeofActionhasshownpositiveresults.Manycountrieshavetakenstepstointegratepopulationconcernsintotheirdevelopmentstrategies.MortalityinmostcountrieshascontinuedtofallinthefiveyearssincetheadoptionoftheProgrammeofAction.TheConferencesbroadbaseddefinitionofreproductivehealthisbeingacceptedbyanincreasingnumberofcountries,andstepsarebeingtakentoprovidecomprehensiveservicesinmanycountries,withincreasingemphasisbeinggiventoqualityofcare.Therisinguseoffamilyplanningmethodsindicatesthatthereisgreateraccessibilitytofamilyplanningandthatmoreandmorecouplesandindividualsareabletochoosethenumberandspacingoftheirchildren.Manycountries,bothcountriesoforiginanddestination,havetakenimportantsteps,including,interalia,attheregionallevel,aimedatbettermanaging $!z% internationalmigrationflowsthroughbilateralandmultinationalagreements.Inaddition,manycivilsocietyorganizationsarecontributingtotheformulationandimplementationofpolicies,programmesandprojectsontheirownorinpartnershipswithgovernmentalandintergovernmentalorganizationsaswellastheprivatesector.  :::0  10. However,forsomecountriesandregions,progresshasbeenlimited,andinsomecases Z%+ setbackshaveoccurred.Womenandthegirlchildcontinuetofacediscrimination.Thehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus/acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome(HIV/AIDS)pandemichasledtorisesinmortalityinmanycountries,inparticularinsub-SaharanAfrica.Mortalityandmorbidityamongadultsandchildrenfrominfectious,parasiticandwaterbornediseases,suchastuberculosis,malariaandschistosomiasis,continuetotaketheirtoll.Maternalmortalityandmorbidityremainunacceptablyhigh.Adolescentsremainparticularlyvulnerabletoreproductiveandsexualrisks.Millionsofcouplesandindividualsstilllackaccesstoreproductivehealthinformationandservices.Anincreaseinadultmortality,especiallyamongmen,isamatterofspecialconcernforcountrieswitheconomiesin b,&4 transitionandsomedevelopingcountries.TheimpactofthefinancialcrisesincountriesofAsiaandelsewhere,aswellasthelongtermandlargescaleenvironmentalproblemsinCentralAsiaandotherregions,isaffectingthehealthandwellbeingofindividualsandlimitingprogressinimplementingtheProgrammeofAction.DespitetheProgrammesgoalofreducingpressuresleadingtorefugeemovementsanddisplacedpersons,theplightofrefugeesanddisplacedpersonsremainsunacceptable.  :::0  11. AchievingthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofActionwillrequiresufficient   domesticandexternalresources,committedgovernmentactionandeffective,transparentpartnerships.InordertofurtherimplementtheProgrammeofAction,anumberoffinancial,institutionalandhumanresourceconstraintsmustbeovercome.ImplementingthekeyactionsofthepresentdocumentandaddressingthefullrangeofrecommendationsoftheProgrammeofActionwillrequiregreaterpoliticalcommitment,developmentofnationalcapacity,increasedinternationalassistanceandincreaseddomesticresources.EffectiveprioritysettingwithineachnationalcontextisanequallycriticalfactorforthesuccessfulimplementationoftheProgrammeofAction.  :::0  12. InimplementingandtakingforwardtheProgrammeofAction,anintegratedapproach T  shouldbeadoptedtowardspolicydesign,developmentplanning,servicedelivery,researchandmonitoringtoutilizescarceresourcesforgreateraddedvalueandtopromoteintersectoralcoordination.  :::0  13. Thepresentdocumentdrawsontheresultsandfindingsofintergovernmentalreviews l undertheauspicesoftheUnitedNations,includingtheannualandquinquennialreviewandappraisalbytheCommissiononPopulationandDevelopmentandmeetingsandreportsoftheUnitedNationsregionalcommissionsregardingprogressmadeandconstraintsfacedintheimplementationoftheProgrammeofAction.  :::0  14. Inrecommendingthekeyactionscontainedinthepresentdocument,Governments  affirmtheirrenewedandsustainedcommitmenttotheprinciples,goalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofAction.Governmentsandcivilsocietyatthenationallevel,inpartnershipwiththeinternationalcommunity,shouldjoinineffortstoensurethatthegoalsandobjectivesoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopmentareaccomplishedassoonaspossible,withspecialattentiontothosethatshouldbemetwithinthe20-yeartimeframeoftheProgrammeofAction.  e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :II.0  PopulationanddevelopmentconcernseVis V=)=)=)=)#idid 3I%         e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :A.0  Population,economicdevelopmentandtheenvironmenteXis X=)=)=)=)#idid 3 !_'         0 : 0::15. Governmentsshould:"u) 0 : 0:: (a) ! Intensifyeffortstoequipplannersanddecisionmakerswithabetter 5#+ understandingoftherelationshipsamongpopulation,poverty,genderinequityandinequality,health,education,theenvironment,financialandhumanresources,anddevelopment;andre-examinerecentresearchconcerningtherelationshipsamongreductionsinfertilityandeconomicgrowthanditsequitabledistribution;  0 : 0:: (b) ! Drawattentiontoandpromotelinkagesamongmacroeconomic,environmental k'!1 andsocialpoliciesthroughincreaseddialogueamongfinanceministriesandotherrelevantministries;  0 : 0:: (c) ! Intensifyeffortstoimplementlegislativeandadministrativemeasuresaswell *g$5 astopromotepubliceducation,withspecialattentiontoyouth,abouttheneedforsustainableproductionandconsumptionpatterns;fostersustainablenaturalresourceuse;andworkconcertedlytopreventenvironmentaldegradationwithintheircountries;i,&8 Ї0 : 0:: (d) ! Increaseinvestmentsinthesocialsector,especiallyhealthandeducation,as  aneffectivestrategyfordevelopment;  0 : 0:: (e) ! Developandexpandintegratedcommunity-basedapproachestosustainable  development.  0 : 0::16. Governments,incooperationwiththeinternationalcommunity,shouldreaffirmtheir f  commitmenttopromotinganenablingenvironmenttoachievesustainedeconomicgrowthinthecontextofsustainabledevelopmentandtoeradicatingpoverty,withaspecialemphasisongender,includingbypromotinganopen,equitable,secure,non-discriminatoryandpredictabletradingsystem;stimulatingdirectinvestment;reducingthedebtburden;andensuringthatstructuraladjustmentprogrammesareresponsivetosocial,economicandenvironmentalconcerns.Population-relatedgoalsandpoliciesoutlinedintheProgrammeofActionneedtobereflected,asappropriate,ininternationalagreementsinsuchareasasenvironmentandtrade.  0 : 0::17. Governmentsofdevelopingcountriesandcountrieswitheconomiesintransition,with   theassistanceoftheinternationalcommunity,especiallydonors,includingthroughbilateraland/ormultilateralfinancialsupport,shouldensurethatsocialsafetynetsareimplemented,especiallyinthosecountriesmostaffectedbytherecentglobalfinancialcrisis,andensurethattheyareadequatelyfunded.  0 : 0::18. Governmentsofdevelopingcountriesandcountrieswitheconomiesintransition,with H theassistanceoftheinternationalcommunity,especiallydonors,should:  0 : 0:: (a) ! Continuetosupportdeclinesininfantandchildmortalityratesbystrengthening & infantandchildhealthprogrammesthatemphasizeimprovedprenatalcareandnutrition,includingbreastfeeding,unlessitismedicallycontraindicated,universalimmunization,oralrehydrationtherapies,cleanwatersources,infectiousdiseaseprevention,reductionofexposuretotoxicsubstances,andimprovementsinhouseholdsanitation;andbystrengtheningmaternalhealthservices,qualityfamily-planningservicestohelpcouplestimeandspacebirths,andeffortstopreventtransmissionofHIV/AIDSandothersexuallytransmitteddiseases;  0 : 0:: (b) ! Strengthenhealth-caresystemstorespondtoprioritydemandsonthem,taking ^" intoaccountthefinancialrealitiesofcountriesandtheneedtoensurethatresourcesarefocusedonthehealthneedsofpeopleinpoverty;  0 : 0:: (c) ! Determinethecausesofthestagnationorincreaseofmortalityamongadult  Z& populationsanddevelopspecialpoliciesandprogrammesonhealthpromotionwheresuchstagnationordeteriorationinmortalitylevelsisobserved,especiallyamongwomeninreproductiveagegroupsandmalesinproductiveagegroups;  0 : 0:: (d) ! Ensurethatpovertyeradicationprogrammesaretargetedparticularlyatfemales r#+ andthatpriorityisgiventofemale-headedhouseholds;  0 : 0:: (e) ! Developinnovativewaystoprovidemoreeffectiveassistancetostrengthen P%. familiesinextremepoverty,suchasprovidingmicro-creditforpoorfamiliesandindividuals;  0 : 0:: (f) ! Undertakepoliciesandprogrammesthatseektoensurealevelofconsumption .'!1 thatmeetsthebasicneedsofthepooranddisadvantaged.  0 : 0::19. Measuresshouldbetakentostrengthenfood,nutritionandagriculturalpoliciesand  )b#4 programmes,andfairtraderelations,withspecialattentiontothecreationandstrengtheningoffoodsecurityatalllevels.  0 : 0::20. Governmentsshouldpromoteandprotecttherightsofindigenouspeoplewith +&8 particularregardtotheircultures,resources,beliefsystems,landrightsandlanguages.z,&9 Їe    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :B.0  Changingagestructureandageingofthepopulationeq r=)=)=)=)#idid 35         0 : 0::21. Governmentsshould:K 0 : 0:: (a) ! Continuetoexaminetheeconomicandsocialimplicationsofdemographic a change,andhowtheyrelatetodevelopmentplanningconcernsandtheneedsofindividuals;  :::0   (b) ! Meettheneedsofyouth,especiallyyoungwomen,withtheactivesupport, ?  guidanceandparticipation,asappropriate,ofparents,families,communities,non-governmentalorganizationsandtheprivatesector,byinvestinginthedevelopmentandimplementationofnational,regionalandlocalplans.Inthiscontext,priorityshouldbegiventoprogrammessuchaseducation,incomegeneratingopportunities,vocationaltraining,andhealthservices,includingthoserelatedtosexualandreproductivehealth.Youthshouldbefullyinvolvedinthedesign,implementationandevaluationofsuchprogrammesandplans.Thesepolicies,plansandprogrammesshouldbeimplementedinlinewiththecommitmentsmadeattheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopmentandinconformitywiththerelevantinternationalconventionsandagreements.Emphasisshouldbeplacedonfosteringintergenerationaldialoguethroughbettercommunicationandmutualsupport;  0 : 0:: (c) ! Supportresearchanddevelopcomprehensivestrategiesatthenational,regional C andlocallevelstomeet,whereappropriate,thechallengesofpopulationageing.Investmoreresourcesingender-sensitiveresearchaswellasintrainingandcapacity-buildinginsocialpoliciesandhealthcareofolderpersons,especiallytheelderlypoor,payingspecialattentiontotheeconomicandsocialsecurityofolderpersons,inparticularolderwomen;affordable,accessibleandappropriatehealth-careservices;thehumanrightsanddignityofolderpersonsandtheproductiveandusefulrolesthattheycanplayinsociety;supportsystemstoenhancetheabilityoffamiliesandcommunitiestocareforolderfamilymembers;theabilityoftheelderlytocareforfamilymembersandcommunityvictimsofHIV/AIDS;andgenerationalsolidaritywiththegoalofmaintainingandimprovingsocialcohesion.  0 : 0::22. Governmentsandcivilsociety,includingnon-governmentalorganizationsandthe  a  privatesector,shouldcreateopportunitiesandremovebarriersthathinderelderlywomenandmenfromcontinuingtocontributetheirskillstotheirfamilies,totheworkforceandtotheircommunitiesinordertohelpfosterintergenerationalsolidarityandenhancethewell-beingofsociety.Thiswillrequirelife-longeducationandopportunitiesforretraining.  0 : 0::23. TheUnitedNationssystemshould,providedthatadditionalresourcesaremade A & available,documentthepositiveexperienceofpoliciesandprogrammesintheareaofageingofmenandwomenanddisseminateinformationandrecommendationsaboutthosepractices.Countriesshouldbeenabled,throughadequatetrainingandcapacity-building,toevolvetheirownpoliciesappropriatetotheircultures,traditionsandsocio-economiccircumstances.  e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :C.0  Internationalmigrationenati f=)=)=)=)#idid 3%X-         0 : 0::24. Governmentsinbothcountriesoforiginandcountriesofdestination,includingthrough &n / internationalcooperation,areurged:  0 : 0:: (a) ! Tointensifyeffortstoprotectthehumanrightsanddignityofmigrants 'L"2 irrespectiveoftheirlegalstatus;provideeffectiveprotectionformigrants;providebasichealthandsocialservices,includingsexualandreproductivehealthandfamily-planningservices;facilitatefamilyreunificationofdocumentedmigrants;monitorviolationsofthehumanrightsofmigrants;effectivelyenforcethelawsapplicabletotheprotectionofhumanrights;andensurethesocialandeconomicintegrationofdocumentedmigrants,especiallyofthosewhohaveacquiredtherighttolong-termresidenceinthecountryofdestination, ,&8 andtheirequaltreatmentbeforethelaw.Non-governmentalorganizationsshouldplayavaluableroleinmeetingtheneedsofmigrants;  0 : 0:: (b) ! Topreventtraffickinginmigrants,inparticularwomenandchildrensubjected  toforcedlabourorsexualorcommercialexploitation;todevelopclearpenaltiesforsuchtraffickingandmigrantsmuggling,backedbyeffectiveadministrativeproceduresandlaws,ensuringpunishmentofthosewhocommitsuchcrimes;andtofinalizeassoonaspossibletraffickingandsmugglingprotocolswhicharecurrentlybeingnegotiatedbytheUnitedNationsCommissiononCrimePreventionandCriminalJustice;  0 : 0:: (c) ! Tosupportandensureeffectivefollow-upofbilateralandmultilateralinitiatives,    includingregionalandsubregionalconsultationprocesses,whereappropriate,todevelopnationalpoliciesandcooperativestrategiestomaximizethebenefitsandmanagethechallengesposedbyinternationalmigration;  0 : 0:: (d) ! Toconductpublicinformationcampaignsonmigrationinbothcountriesof J  originandcountriesofdestinationsothatracistandxenophobicattitudesincountriesofdestinationarecombatedandsothatpotentialmigrantsfullyunderstandtheimplicationsofthedecisionstomove;  0 : 0:: (e) ! Toconsiderratifying/accedingtotheInternationalConventionontheProtection b  oftheRightsofAllMigrantWorkersandMembersofTheirFamilies, O#  2      ׀iftheyhavenot * alreadydoneso.  0 : 0::25. Theinternationalcommunityshouldextendassistanceandsupporttoprogrammes ^ indevelopingcountriesthathostthemajorityofrefugeesanddisplacedpersons.Assistanceshouldalsobeextendedtoprogrammesincountrieslackingthecapacitytomanagelargeflowsofmigrantsanddisplacedpersons.  0 : 0::26. AllStatesareencouragedtobecomepartiestothe1951Convention O#  3      ׀andthe1967 v Protocol O#  4      ׀relatingtotheStatusofRefugeesandputinplaceeffectiveasylumprocedures.> 0 : 0::27. Governments,withtheassistanceoftheinternationalcommunity,shouldintensify T  theireffortstoimprovedatacollectionandanalysis,includinggender-basedanalysis,intheareasofinternationalmigrationand,inthiscontext,promotetheimplementationoftheUnitedNationsrecommendationsonstatisticsofinternationalmigration;encouragestudiesdesignedtoassessthecausesofinternationalmigrationanddisplacementandthepositivecontributionthatmigrationmakestobothcountriesoforiginandcountriesofdestination;andimproveunderstandingofthelinksbetweenrelevantfactorsthathaveanimpactoninternationalmigration.  0 : 0::28. Theinternationalcommunityshouldchanneladequatesupporttoeffectiveprogrammes !8) toaddressthecausesofmovementofrefugeesanddisplacedpersons.  0 : 0::29. Inplanningandimplementingrefugeeassistanceactivities,specialattentionshould #, begiventothespecificneedsofrefugeewomen,children,andelderlyrefugees.Adequateandsufficientinternationalsupportshouldbeextendedtomeetthebasicneedsofrefugeepopulations,includingtheprovisionofaccesstoadequateaccommodation,education,protectionfromviolence,healthservicesincludingreproductivehealthandfamilyplanning,andotherbasicsocialservices,includingcleanwater,sanitation,andnutrition.Refugeesshouldrespectthelawsandregulationsoftheircountriesofasylum.Governmentsareurgedtoabidebyinternationallawconcerningrefugees,interalia,byrespectingtheprinciple 8)#3 ofnon-refoulement.Inacknowledgingrefugeesrightstorepatriation,theirreturnandintegrationshouldbefacilitatedincooperationwithrelevantinternationalorganizations.  e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :D.0  Internalmigration,populationdistributionandurbanagglomerationseebe =)=)=)=)#idid 3i         0 : 0::30. Governmentsshouldcarryoutresearchtostrengthentheunderstandingofthefactors, )  trendsandcharacteristicsofinternalmigrationandgeographicaldistributionofthepopulationinordertoprovidegroundsfortheformulationofeffectivepopulationdistributionpolicy.  0 : 0::31. Governmentsshouldimprovethemanagementanddeliveryofservicesforthegrowing    urbanagglomerationsandputinplaceenablinglegislativeandadministrativeinstrumentsandadequatefinancialresourcestomeettheneedsofallcitizens,especiallytheurbanpoor,internalmigrants,olderpersonsandthedisabled.  0 : 0::32. GovernmentsshouldstronglyreaffirmthecallintheProgrammeofActionthat [  populationdistributionpoliciesshouldbeconsistentwithsuchinternationalinstrumentsastheGenevaConventionrelativetotheProtectionofCivilianPersonsinTimeofWar, O#  5         of12August1949,includingarticle49thereof.  0 : 0::33. GovernmentsshouldstronglyreaffirmthecallintheProgrammeofActionthat s  countriesshouldaddressthecausesofinternaldisplacement,includingenvironmentaldegradation,naturaldisasters,armedconflictandforcedresettlement,andestablishthenecessarymechanismstoprotectandassistdisplacedpersons,including,wherepossible,compensationfordamages,especiallyforthosewhoarenotabletoreturntotheirnormalplaceofresidenceintheshorttermand,whereappropriate,facilitatetheirreturnandreintegration,withspecialattentiontotheneedsofwomenandchildren.  & n e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :E.0  Population,developmentandeducatione =)=)=)=)#idid 3         0 : 0::34. Governmentsandcivilsociety,withtheassistanceoftheinternationalcommunity, 0  should,asquicklyaspossible,andinanycasebefore2015,meettheConferencesgoalofachievinguniversalaccess'n֣Ԁtoprimaryeducation;eliminatethegendergapinprimaryandsecondaryeducationby2005;andstrivetoensurethatby2010thenetprimaryschoolenrolmentratioforchildrenofbothsexeswillbeatleast90percent,comparedwithanestimated85percentin2000.Specialeffortsshouldbemadetoincreasetheretentionratesofgirlsinprimaryandsecondaryschool.Parentsshouldbesensitizedtothevalueofeducationofchildren,particularlyofgirlssothatthegirlsdoachievetheirfullpotential.  0 : 0::35. Governments,inparticularofdevelopingcountries,withtheassistanceofthe h!) internationalcommunity,should:  0 : 0:: (a) ! Expandyouthandadulteducationandlifelongculture-andgender-sensitive F#, learningpolicesandprogrammes,withparticularattentiontomigrants,indigenouspeopleandpeoplewithdisabilities;  0 : 0:: (b) ! Includeatalllevels,asappropriate,offormalandnonformalschooling, %B 0 educationaboutpopulationandhealthissues,includingsexualandreproductivehealthissues,inordertofurtherimplementtheProgrammeofActionintermsofpromotingthewellbeingofadolescents,enhancinggenderequalityandequityaswellasresponsiblesexualbehaviour,protectingthemfromearlyandunwantedpregnancy,sexuallytransmitted diseasesincludingHIV/AIDS,andsexualabuse,incestandviolence.Ensuretheactive )*$5 involvementandparticipationofparents,youth,communityleadersandorganizationsforthesustainability,increasedcoverageandeffectivenessofsuchprogrammes;   0 : 0:: (c) ! Reducetherateofilliteracyofwomenandmen,atleasthalvingitforwomen  andgirlsby2005,comparedwiththeratein1990;  0 : 0:: (d) ! Promotetheachievementoffunctionalliteracyforadultsaswellaschildren f  whereschoolingremainsunavailable;  0 : 0:: (e) ! Continuetogivehighprioritytoinvestmentsineducationandtrainingin D   developmentbudgets;  0 : 0:: (f) ! Provideadequatelyequippedfacilitiesbyrehabilitatingexistingschoolsand " x  buildingnewones.  0 : 0::36. TheProgrammeofActionrecognizedthatgreaterpublicknowledge,understanding V  andcommitmentatalllevels,fromtheindividualtotheinternational,arevitaltotheachievementofthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofAction.Tothisend,ensuringaccesstoanduseofmoderncommunicationtechnology,includingsatellitetransmissionandothercommunicationmechanisms,shouldbestudiedandappropriateactiontakenasameanstoaddressthebarrierstoeducationindevelopingcountries,inparticular,theleastdevelopedcountries,withassistancefromtheinternationalcommunity.  e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :F.0  Datasystems,includingindicatorseY  =)=)=)=)#idid 3Q         +=)w=)+0 : 0::37. Governments,incollaborationwithresearchinstitutionsandnon-governmental g organizations,aswellaswiththeassistanceoftheinternationalcommunity,includingdonors,shouldstrengthennationalinformationsystemstoproducereliablestatisticsonabroadrangeofpopulation,environmentanddevelopmentindicatorsinatimelymanner.Theindicatorsshouldinclude,interalia,povertyratesatthecommunitylevel;womens  accesstosocialandeconomicresources;enrolmentandretentionofgirlsandboysinschools;accesstosexualandreproductivehealthservicesdisaggregatedbypopulationsub-groups,includingindigenouspeople;andgendersensitivityinsexualandreproductivehealthservices,includingfamilyplanning.Inaddition,inconsultationwithindigenouspeople,Governmentsshouldestablishandstrengthennationalstatisticsanddatacollectionconcerningthehealthofindigenouspeople,includingsexualandreproductivehealthandtheirdeterminants.Alldatasystemsshouldensureavailabilityofage-andsex-disaggregateddata,whicharecrucialfortranslatingpolicyintostrategiesthataddressageandgenderconcernsandfordevelopingappropriateage-andgender-impactindicatorsformonitoringprogress.Governmentsshouldalsocollectanddisseminatethequantitativeandqualitativedataneededtoassessthestatusofmaleandfemalereproductivehealth,includinginurbanareas,andtodesign,implement,monitorandevaluateactionprogrammes.Specialattentionshouldbegiventomaternalmortalityandmorbidity,asthisdatabaseremainsinadequate.Healthandreproductivehealthdatashouldbedisaggregatedbyincomeandpovertystatustoidentifythespecifichealthprofileandneedsofpeoplelivinginpovertyandasabasisforfocusingresourcesandsubsidiesonthosewhoneedthemmost.  0 : 0::38. TheUnitedNationssystemanddonorsshouldbespecificallyurgedtostrengthenthe 's!0 capacityofdevelopingcountries,particularlytheleastdevelopedcountries,andthosewitheconomiesintransition,toundertakecensusesandsurveysonaregularbasissoastoimprovevitalregistrationsystems,andtodevelopinnovativeandcost-effectivesolutionsformeetingdatarequirements,especiallyforregularmonitoringoftheimplementationofthegoalsoftheConference,includingimprovedestimatesofmaternalmortality.  #=)=)i#e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3    AA :III.0  Genderequality,equityandempowermentofwomenegre =)=)=)=)#idid 3+%6         e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :A.0  Promotionandprotectionofwomenshumanrightsegre =)=)=)=)#idid 3,&8         :::0  39. Governmentsshouldensurethatthehumanrightsofwomenandgirlsarerespected, 5 protectedandpromotedthroughthedevelopment,implementationandeffectiveenforcementofgendersensitivepoliciesandlegislation.AllGovernmentsareencouragedtosign,ratifyandimplementtheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen O#  6      ׀andarealsoencouragedtopromoteconsiderationbytheEconomicandSocial U  CouncilandGeneralAssemblyoftheOptionalProtocol,andinterestedStatespartiesareencouragedtoworktowardsremovingallexistingreservationsthatareincompatiblewiththeobjectiveandpurposeoftheConvention.IntheimplementationofthegoalsoftheProgrammeofActionandthoseofotherUnitedNationsconferences,measuresaimedatpromotingandachievinggenderequalityandequityinasystematicandcomprehensivemannershouldbecoordinatedandharmonized.  :::0  40. TheimplementationofpopulationanddevelopmentpoliciesbyGovernmentsshould q  continuetoincorporatereproductiverightsinaccordancewithparagraphs1.15,7.3and8.25oftheProgrammeofAction.Governmentsshouldtakestrongmeasurestopromotethehumanrightsofwomen.Governmentsareencouragedtostrengthen,asappropriate,thereproductiveandsexualhealthaswellasthereproductiverightsfocusonpopulationanddevelopmentpoliciesandprogrammes.TheworkofrelevantUnitedNationsbodiesonindicatorsforthepromotionandprotectionofthehumanrightsofwomenshouldincorporateissuesrelatedtosexualandreproductivehealth.Governmentsshouldensuretheprotectionandpromotionoftherightsofadolescents,includingmarriedadolescentgirls,toreproductivehealtheducation,informationandcare.Countriesshouldestablishmechanismsforconsultationwithallrelevantgroups,includingwomensorganizations.Inthiscontext,Governmentsareurgedtoincorporatehumanrightsintobothformalandinformaleducationprocesses.  :::0  41. Governments,civilsocietyandtheUnitedNationssystemshouldadvocateforthe  humanrightsofwomenandthegirlchild.Governments,inreportingtothehumanrightstreatybodies,areencouragedtoconsult,asappropriate,withcivilsocietyonandpromotecivilsocietyawarenessofthereportingprocesstoensurethebroadestrepresentationintheareaofhumanrights,includingreproductiverights.  :::0  42. Governmentsshouldpromoteandprotectthehumanrightsofthegirlchildandyoung ! women,whichincludeeconomicandsocialrightsaswellasfreedomfromcoercion,discriminationandviolence,includingharmfulpracticesandsexualexploitation.Governmentsshouldreviewalllegislationandamendandrevokethatwhichdiscriminatesagainstthegirlchildandyoungwomen.  +=)w=)+e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :B.0  Theempowermentofwomeneand =)=)=)=)#idid 3"(         /=)w=)/+=)w=)+:::0  43. Governmentsshouldestablishmechanismstoacceleratewomensequalparticipation #* andequitablerepresentationatalllevelsofthepoliticalprocessandpubliclifeineachcommunityandsocietyandenablewomentoarticulatetheirconcernsandneedsandensurethefullandequalparticipationofwomenindecisionmakingprocessesinallspheresoflife.Governmentsandcivilsocietyshouldtakeactionstoeliminateattitudesandpracticesthatdiscriminateagainstandsubordinategirlsandwomenandthatreinforcegenderinequality.  :::0  44. Governmentsshouldtakemeasurestopromotethefulfilmentofgirlsandwomens d)#2 potentialthrougheducation,skillsdevelopmentandtheeradicationofilliteracyforallgirlsandwomenwithoutdiscriminationofanykind,givingparamountimportancetothe *J%4 eliminationofpovertyandillhealth.Governments,incollaborationwithcivilsociety,shouldtakethenecessarymeasurestoensureuniversalaccess,onthebasisofequalitybetweenwomenandmen,toappropriate,affordableandqualityhealthcareforwomenthroughouttheirlifecycle.  :::0  45. Governmentsshouldtakeeverypossibleactiontoremoveallgendergapsand  n inequalitiespertainingtowomenslivelihoodsandparticipationinthelabourmarketthroughthecreationofemploymentwithsecureincomes,whichhasbeenshowntoadvancewomensempowermentandenhancetheirreproductivehealth.Legislationensuringequalpayforequalworkorforworkofequalvalueshouldbeinstitutedandenforced.  /=)w=)/+=)w=)+e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :C.0  Genderperspectiveinprogrammesandpolicieseatio [=)=)=)=)#idid 3 /          /=)w=)z/+=)w=)+:::0  46. Agenderperspectiveshouldbeadoptedinallprocessesofpolicyformulationand E  implementationandinthedeliveryofservices,especiallyinsexualandreproductivehealth,includingfamilyplanning.Inthisregard,theinstitutionalcapacityandexpertiseofstaffinGovernment,civilsociety,includingnon-governmentalorganizations,andtheUnitedNationssystemshouldbestrengthenedinordertopromotegendermainstreaming.Thisshouldbedonebysharingtools,methodologiesandlessonslearnedinordertodevelopandstrengthentheircapacityandinstitutionalizeeffectivestrategiesforgenderbasedanalysisandgendermainstreaming.Thisincludesthedevelopmentandavailabilityofgenderdisaggregateddataandappropriateindicatorsformonitoringprogressatthenationallevel.  :::0  47. Thedifferentialimpactonwomenandmenofglobalizationoftheeconomyandthe E privatizationofbasicsocialservices,particularlyreproductivehealthservices,shouldbemonitoredclosely.Specialprogrammesandinstitutionalmechanismsshouldbeputinplacetopromoteandprotectthehealthandwellbeingofyounggirls,olderwomenandothervulnerablegroups.Theprovisionofservicestomeetmensreproductiveandsexualhealthneedsshouldnotprejudicereproductiveandsexualhealthservicesforwomen.  :::0  48. Governmentsshouldgiveprioritytodevelopingprogrammesandpoliciesthatfoster C normsandattitudesofzerotoleranceforharmfulanddiscriminatoryattitudes,includingsonpreference,whichcanresultinharmfulandunethicalpracticessuchasprenatalsexselection,discriminationandviolenceagainstthegirlchildandallformsofviolenceagainstwomen,includingfemalegenitalmutilation,rape,incest,trafficking,sexualviolenceandexploitation.Thisentailsdevelopinganintegratedapproachthataddressestheneedforwidespreadsocial,culturalandeconomicchange,inadditiontolegalreforms.Thegirlchildsaccesstohealth,nutrition,educationandlifeopportunitiesshouldbeprotectedandpromoted.Theroleoffamilymembers,especiallyparentsandotherlegalguardians,instrengtheningtheselfimage,selfesteemandstatusandinprotectingthehealthandwellbeingofgirlsshouldbeenhancedandsupported.  /=)w=)/+=)w=)+e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :D.0  Advocacyforgenderequalityandequityeeatio =)=)=)=)#idid 3$ ,         /=)w=):/+=)w=)+:::0  49. Governments,parliamentarians,communityandreligiousleaders,familymembers, % . mediarepresentatives,educatorsandotherrelevantgroupsshouldactivelypromotegenderequalityandequity.Thesegroupsshoulddevelopandstrengthentheirstrategiestochangenegativeanddiscriminatoryattitudesandpracticestowardswomenandthegirlchild.Allleadersatthehighestlevelsofpolicyanddecisionmakingshouldspeakoutinsupportofgenderequalityandequity,includingempowermentofwomenandprotectionofthegirlchildandyoungwomen.  :::0  50. Allleadersatalllevels,aswellasparentsandeducators,shouldpromotepositivemale +%6 rolemodelsthatfacilitateboystobecomegendersensitiveadultsandenablementosupport, X,&7 promoteandrespectwomenssexualandreproductivehealthandreproductiverights,recognizingtheinherentdignityofallhumanbeings.Menshouldtakeresponsibilityfortheirownreproductiveandsexualbehaviourandhealth.Researchshouldbeundertakenonmenssexuality,theirmasculinityandtheirreproductivebehaviour.  :::0  51. Governments,donorsandtheUnitedNationssystemshouldencourageandsupport  n expansionandstrengtheningofwomensgrassroots,communitybasedandadvocacygroups.  #=)=)#e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3    NN :IV.0  Reproductiverightsandreproductivehealthewome =)=)=)=)#idid 3I           :::0   ThepresentsectionisespeciallyguidedbytheprinciplesoftheProgrammeofAction._   e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :A.0  Reproductivehealth,includingfamilyplanningandsexualhealthewome g=)=)=)=)#idid 3V          :::0  52. Governments,incollaborationwithcivilsociety,includingnon-governmental l  organizations,donorsandtheUnitedNationssystem,should:  :::0   (a) ! Givehighprioritytoreproductiveandsexualhealthinthebroadercontextof J  healthsectorreform,includingstrengtheningbasichealthsystems,fromwhichpeoplelivinginpovertyinparticularcanbenefit;  :::0   (b) ! Ensurethatpolicies,strategicplans,andallaspectsoftheimplementationof  reproductiveandsexualhealthservicesrespectallhumanrights,includingtherighttodevelopment,andthatsuchservicesmeethealthneedsoverthelifecycle,includingtheneedsofadolescents,addressinequitiesandinequalitiesduetopoverty,genderandotherfactorsandensureequityofaccesstoinformationandservices;  :::0   (c) ! Engageallrelevantsectors,includingnon-governmentalorganizations, & especiallywomensandyouthorganizationsandprofessionalassociations,throughongoingparticipatoryprocessesinthedesign,implementation,qualityassurance,monitoringandevaluationofpoliciesandprogrammes,inensuringthatsexualandreproductivehealthinformationandservicesmeetpeoplesneedsandrespecttheirhumanrights,includingtheirrighttoaccesstogoodqualityservices;  :::0   (d) ! Developcomprehensiveandaccessiblehealthservicesandprogrammes, $% includingsexualandreproductivehealth,forindigenouscommunitieswiththeirfullparticipationthatrespondtotheneedsandreflecttherightsofindigenouspeople;  :::0   (e) ! Increaseinvestmentsdesignedtoimprovethequalityandavailabilityofsexual t ) andreproductivehealthservices,includingestablishingandmonitoringclearstandardsofcare;ensuringthecompetence,particularlythetechnicalandcommunicationskills,ofserviceproviders;ensuringfree,voluntaryandinformedchoices,respect,privacy,confidentiality,andclientcomfort;establishingfullyfunctioninglogisticalsystems,includingefficientprocurementofnecessarycommodities;andensuringeffectivereferralmechanismsacrossservicesandlevelsofcare,takingcarethatservicesareofferedinconformitywithhumanrightsandwithethicalandprofessionalstandards;  :::0   (f) ! Ensurethatsexualandreproductivehealthprogrammes,freeofanycoercion, 'X!2 providepre-serviceandin-servicetrainingandsupervisionforalllevelsofhealthcareproviderstoensurethattheymaintainhightechnicalstandards,includingforhygiene;respectthehumanrightsofthepeopletheyserve;areknowledgeableandtrainedtoserveclientswhohavebeensubjectedtoharmfulpractices,suchasfemalegenitalmutilationandsexualviolence;andareabletoprovideaccurateinformationaboutthepreventionandsymptomsofreproductivetractdiseases,aswellasaboutpersonalhygieneandotherfactorsinreproductivetractinfectionsinordertominimizeadversephysicalconsequencessuch z,&9 aspelvicinflammatorydisease,infertilityandectopicpregnancy,aswellaspsychologicalconsequences;  :::0   (g) ! Promotemensunderstandingoftheirrolesandresponsibilitieswithregardto  respectingthehumanrightsofwomen;protectingwomenshealth,includingsupportingtheirpartnersaccesstosexualandreproductivehealthservices;preventingunwantedpregnancy;reducingmaternalmortalityandmorbidity;reducingtransmissionofsexuallytransmitteddiseases,includingHIV/AIDS;sharinghouseholdandchildrearingresponsibilities;andpromotingtheeliminationofharmfulpractices,suchasfemalegenitalmutilation,andsexualandothergenderbasedviolence,ensuringthatgirlsandwomenarefreefromcoercionandviolence;  :::0   (h) ! Strengthencommunitybasedservices,socialmarketingandnewpartnerships l  withtheprivatesectorwhileworkingtoensurethatsafety,ethicalandotherrelevantstandardsaremet;andprovidesubsidiesfrompublicresourcesanddonorfunds,asappropriate,toensureavailabilityandaccessforthoseotherwiseunabletoaccessservices.  :::0  53. Governments,withassistancefromtheinternationalcommunity,shoulddevelopand   useindicatorsthatmeasureaccesstoandchoiceoffamilyplanningandcontraceptivemethodsandindicatorsthatmeasuretrendsinmaternalmortalityandmorbidityandHIV/AIDSandusethemtomonitorprogresstowardstheConferencesgoalofuniversalaccesstoreproductivehealthcare.Governmentsshouldstrivetoensurethatby2015allprimaryhealthcareandfamilyplanningfacilitiesareabletoprovide,directlyorthroughreferral,thewidestachievablerangeofsafeandeffectivefamilyplanningandcontraceptivemethods;essentialobstetriccare;preventionandmanagementofreproductivetractinfections,includingsexuallytransmitteddiseases,andbarriermethods(suchasmaleandfemalecondomsandmicrobicidesifavailable)topreventinfection.By2005,60percentofsuchfacilitiesshouldbeabletoofferthisrangeofservices,andby2010,80percentofthemshouldbeabletooffersuchservices.  :::0  54. TheUnitedNationssystemanddonorsshouldsupportGovernmentsinthebuilding 2 ofnationalcapacitytoplan,manage,implement,monitorandevaluatereproductiveandsexualhealthservices,includingensuringthatallrefugeesandallotherpersonsinemergencyhumanitariansituations,particularlywomenandadolescents,receiveappropriatehealthcare,includingsexualandreproductivehealthcareandinformation,andgreaterprotectionfromsexualandgenderbasedviolence.Theyshouldalsoensurethatallhealthworkersinreliefandemergencysituationsaregivenbasictraininginsexualandreproductivehealthcareinformationandservices.  :::0  55. IncreasedeffortsareneededbytheUnitedNationssystem,withsupportfromthe !' internationalcommunity,todevelopandagreeoncommonkeyindicatorsonreproductivehealthprogrammes,including,interalia,familyplanning,maternalhealth,sexualhealth, P#) sexuallytransmitteddiseases,HIV/AIDS,andinformation,educationandcommunicationforappropriateconsiderationintherelevantintergovernmentalprocess.BearinginmindtheeffortsmadebynationalGovernments,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)isinvitedtotaketheleadroleinthisarea,incoordinationwiththeUnitedNationsChildrensFund(UNICEF),theUnitedNationsPopulationFund(UNFPA),theUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP),theJointandCo-sponsoredUnitedNationsProgrammeonHumanImmunodeficiencyVirus/AcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome(UNAIDS),theDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsoftheUnitedNationsSecretariat(DESA),andotherrelevantUnitedNationsentities,drawingonotherexpertiseandknowledgeasappropriate.Indicatorsonmaternalandneonatalmortality,maternalmorbidity,andmaternalhealthprogrammesshouldbegivenaprominentplace,inordertoeffectivelymonitorprogressandensurethatpriorityisgiventoreproductivehealthcareintheprovisionof ,'5 generalhealthservices.Theinternationalcommunityisencouragedtoprovidefinancialandtechnicalassistancetodevelopingcountriestoimprovetheircapacitybuildingonindicators,datacollection,monitoring,andevaluationinthisfield.  & n e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :B.0  EnsuringvoluntaryqualityfamilyplanningserviceseGov r=)=)=)=)#idid 31         :::0  56. Governments,inaccordancewiththeProgrammeofAction,shouldtakeeffective  G actiontoensurethebasicrightofallcouplesandindividualstodecidefreelyandresponsibly'nthenumber,spacingandtimingoftheirchildrenandtohavetheinformation,educationandmeanstodoso.  :::0  57. TheUnitedNationssystemanddonorsshould,uponrequest,supportGovernments _   in:  :::0   (a) ! Mobilizingandprovidingsufficientresourcestomeetthegrowingdemandfor =  accesstoinformation,counselling,servicesandfollow-uponthewidestpossiblerangeofsafe,effective,affordableandacceptablefamilyplanningandcontraceptivemethods,includingnewoptionsandunderutilizedmethods;  :::0   (b) ! Providingqualitycounsellingservicesandensuringethical,professionaland   technicalstandardsofcare,aswellasvoluntary,freeandinformedchoicesinanatmosphereofprivacy,confidentialityandrespect;  :::0   (c) ! Strengtheningprogrammemanagementcapacity,includinglogisticalsystems, Q tomakeservicessafer,moreaffordableandmoreconvenientandaccessibletoclientsandtoensuretheavailabilityandcontinuoussupplyofsafeandeffectivecontraceptivesandothersexualandreproductivehealthsuppliesand,asappropriate,therawmaterialforthem;  :::0   (d) ! Adequatelystrengtheningsocialsafetynetsusingresourcesandfundsand,in  thecontextofprimaryhealthcare,ensuringtheavailabilityofandaccesstoreproductivehealthservices,includingfamilyplanning,particularlyforpeoplemostaffectedbypoverty,theadverseimpactofstructuraladjustmentpoliciesandfinancialcrises,orotherwiseunabletoaccessservices.  :::0  58. Wherethereisagapbetweencontraceptiveuseandtheproportionofindividuals K# expressingadesiretospaceorlimittheirfamilies,countriesshouldattempttoclosethisgapbyatleast50percentby2005,75percentby2010and100percentby2050.Inattemptingtoreachthisbenchmark,demographicgoals,whilelegitimatelythesubjectofgovernmentdevelopmentstrategies,shouldnotbeimposedonfamilyplanningprovidersintheformoftargetsorquotasfortherecruitmentofclients.  :::0  59. Governments,withtheincreasedparticipationoftheUnitedNationssystem,civil !I* society,donorsandtheprivatesector,areurgedtopursuetheresearchanddevelopmentofnew,safe,lowcostandeffectivefamilyplanningandcontraceptivemethods,forbothmenandwomen,includingfemalecontrolledmethodsthatbothprotectagainstsexuallytransmitteddiseases,includingHIV/AIDS,andpreventunwantedpregnancy.Allactorsmustabidebyinternationallyacceptedethical,technicalandsafetystandardsinallresearchanddevelopmentaswellas,whereappropriate,byapplicablestandardsinmanufacturingpractices,qualitycontrolandproductdesign,productionanddistribution.  :::0  60. Theinternationalcommunityandtheprivatesectorshouldalsotakethenecessary ("3 measures,particularlyinthetransferoftechnology,asappropriate,toenablecountries,inparticulardevelopingcountries,toproduce,storeanddistributesafeandeffectivecontraceptivesandothersuppliesessentialforreproductivehealthservicesinordertostrengthentheselfrelianceofthosecountries.    ,,&8 :::0  61. UNFPAisurgedtocontinuetostrengthenitsleadershiprolewithintheUnitedNations   systeminassistingcountriestotakethestrategicactionnecessarytoensureavailabilityofreproductivehealthservicesandchoiceofreproductivehealthproducts,includingcontraceptives.  e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :C.0  Reducingmaternalmortalityandmorbiditye]* +=)=)=)=)#idid 3          :::0  62. Governments,withtheincreasedparticipationoftheUnitedNationssystem,civil   society,includingnon-governmentalorganizations,donorsandtheinternationalcommunity,should:  :::0   (a) ! Recognizethelinkagesbetweenhighlevelsofmaternalmortalityandpoverty _   andpromotethereductionofmaternalmortalityandmorbidityasapublichealthpriorityandreproductiverightsconcern;  :::0   (b) ! Ensurethatthereductionofmaternalmorbidityandmortalityisahealthsector [  priorityandthatwomenhavereadyaccesstoessentialobstetriccare,wellequippedandadequatelystaffedmaternalhealthcareservices,skilledattendanceatdelivery,emergencyobstetriccare,effectivereferralandtransporttohigherlevelsofcarewhennecessary,postpartumcareandfamilyplanning.Inhealthsectorreform,thereductionofmaternalmortalityandmorbidityshouldbeprominentandusedasanindicatorforthesuccessofsuchreform;  :::0   (c) ! Supportpublichealtheducationtocreateawarenessoftherisksofpregnancy, Y labouranddeliveryandtoincreasetheunderstandingoftherespectiverolesandresponsibilitiesoffamilymembers,includingmen,aswellasofcivilsocietyandGovernments,inpromotingandprotectingmaternalhealth;  :::0   (d) ! Developappropriateinterventions,beginningatbirth,toimprovethenutritional, q healthandeducationalstatusofgirlsandyoungwomensothattheyarebetterabletomakeinformedchoicesatmaturityaboutchildbearingandobtainaccesstohealthinformationandservices;  :::0   (e) ! Implementprogrammestoaddressthenegativeimpactofenvironmental 5! degradation,insomeregions,onthehighlevelsofmaternalmortalityandmorbidity.  0 : 0::63.0 (i) ! Innocaseshouldabortionbepromotedasamethodoffamilyplanning.All $ Governmentsandrelevantintergovernmentalandnongovernmentalorganizationsareurgedtostrengthentheircommitmenttowomenshealth,todealwiththehealthimpactofunsafeabortionasamajorpublichealthconcernandtoreducetherecoursetoabortionthroughexpandedandimprovedfamilyplanningservices.Preventionofunwantedpregnanciesmustalwaysbegiventhehighestpriorityandeveryattemptshouldbemadetoeliminatetheneedforabortion.Womenwhohaveunwantedpregnanciesshouldhavereadyaccesstoreliableinformationandcompassionatecounselling.Anymeasuresorchangesrelatedtoabortionwithinthehealthsystemcanonlybedeterminedatthenationalorlocallevelaccordingtothenationallegislativeprocess.Incircumstanceswhereabortionisnotagainstthelaw,suchabortionshouldbesafe.Inallcases,womenshouldhaveaccesstoqualityservicesforthemanagementofcomplicationsarisingfromabortion.Postabortioncounselling,educationandfamilyplanningservicesshouldbeofferedpromptly,whichwillalsohelptoavoidrepeatabortions.    0 : 0::0 (ii) ! Governmentsshouldtakeappropriatestepstohelpwomenavoidabortion,which )$4 innocaseshouldbepromotedasamethodoffamilyplanning,andinallcasesprovideforthehumanetreatmentandcounsellingofwomenwhohavehadrecoursetoabortion.     ,&8 0 : 0::0 (iii) ! Inrecognizingandimplementingtheabove,andincircumstanceswhereabortion  isnotagainstthelaw,healthsystemsshouldtrainandequiphealthserviceprovidersandshouldtakeothermeasurestoensurethatsuchabortionissafeandaccessible.Additionalmeasuresshouldbetakentosafeguardwomenshealth.    :::0  64. InordertomonitorprogresstowardstheachievementoftheConferencesgoalsfor   maternalmortality,countriesshouldusetheproportionofbirthsassistedbyskilledattendantsasabenchmarkindicator.By2005,wherethematernalmortalityrateisveryhigh,atleast40percentofallbirthsshouldbeassistedbyskilledattendants;by2010thisfigureshouldbeatleast50percentandby2015,atleast60percent.Allcountriesshouldcontinuetheireffortssothatglobally,by2005,80percentofallbirthsshouldbeassistedbyskilledattendants,by2010,85percent,andby2015,90percent.  :::0  65. Inordertohaveabasisforcostbenefitanalysisforinterventionsaimedatreducing i  maternalmortality,thesocietalcostsofmaternaldeathsshouldbecalculated.ThisshouldbedoneincooperationamongGovernments,UnitedNationsagenciesanddevelopmentbanks,andtheresearchcommunity.  :::0  66. TheWorldHealthOrganizationincooperationwithotherrelevantUnitedNations -  bodiesisurgedtofulfilitsleadershiprolewithintheUnitedNationssysteminassistingcountries,inparticulardevelopingcountries,toputinplacestandardsforthecareandtreatmentforwomenandgirlsthatincorporategendersensitiveapproachesandpromotegenderequalityandequityinhealthcaredeliveryandtoadviseonfunctionsthathealthfacilitiesshouldperformtohelpguidethedevelopmentofhealthsystemstoreducetherisksassociatedwithpregnancy,takingintoconsiderationthelevelofdevelopmentandtheeconomicandsocialconditionsofcountries.Atthesametime,UnitedNationsagencies,includingtheUnitedNationsPopulationFundandtheUnitedNationsChildrensFund,andmultilateraldevelopmentbanks,suchastheWorldBank,shouldintensifytheirroleinpromoting,supporting,advocatingforandinvestinginactiontoimprovematernalhealth.  e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :D.0  Preventionandtreatmentofsexuallytransmitteddisease,includinghuman H  immunodeficiencyvirus/acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndromeeEbys F=)=)=)=)#idid 3f!         :::0  67. Governments,fromthehighestpoliticallevels,shouldtakeurgentactiontoprovide &|# educationandservicestopreventthetransmissionofallformsofsexuallytransmitteddiseasesandHIVand,withtheassistance,whereappropriate,ofUNAIDS,developandimplementnationalHIV/AIDSpoliciesandactionplans,ensureandpromoterespectforthehumanrightsanddignityofpersonslivingwithHIV/AIDS,improvecareandsupportforpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS,includingsupportservicesforhomebasedcare,andtakestepstomitigatetheimpactoftheAIDSepidemicbymobilizingallsectorsandsegmentsofsocietytoaddressthesocialandeconomicfactorscontributingtoHIVriskandvulnerability.Governmentsshouldenactlegislationandadoptmeasurestoensurenon-discriminationagainstpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDSandvulnerablepopulations,includingwomenandyoungpeople,sothattheyarenotdeniedtheinformationneededtopreventfurthertransmissionandareabletoaccesstreatmentandcareserviceswithoutfearofstigmatization,discriminationorviolence.  :::0  68. Governmentsshouldensurethatpreventionofandservicesforsexuallytransmitted ("1 diseasesandHIV/AIDSareanintegralcomponentofreproductiveandsexualhealthprogrammesattheprimaryhealthcarelevel.Gender,agebasedandotherdifferencesinvulnerabilitytoHIVinfectionshouldbeaddressedinpreventionandeducationprogrammesandservices.GovernmentsshoulddevelopguidelinesforHIVtreatmentandcare,emphasizingequitableaccess,andforwideprovisionofandaccesstovoluntaryHIVtesting ,&6 andcounsellingservices,andshouldensurewideprovisionofandaccesstofemaleandmalecondoms,includingthroughsocialmarketing.Advocacyandinformation,educationandcommunicationcampaignsdevelopedwithcommunitiesandsupportedfromthehighestlevelsofGovernmentshouldpromoteinformed,responsibleandsafersexualbehaviourandpractices,mutualrespectandgenderequityinsexualrelationships.Specialattentionneedstobegiventopreventingsexualexploitationofyoungwomenandchildren.GiventheenhancedsusceptibilitytoHIV/AIDSofindividualsinfectedbyconventionalandtreatablesexuallytransmitteddiseasesandthehighprevalenceofsuchdiseasesamongyoungpeople,prioritymustbegiventotheprevention,detection,diagnosisandtreatmentofsuchinfections.Governmentsshouldimmediatelydevelop,infullpartnershipwithyouth,parents,families,educatorsandhealthcareproviders,youthspecificHIVeducationandtreatmentprojects,withspecialemphasisondevelopingpeereducationprogrammes.  :::0  69. WhileoneofthemostimportantinterventionstoreduceHIVinfectionsininfantsis X  primarypreventionofinfection,Governmentsshouldalsoscaleup,whereappropriate,educationandtreatmentprojectsaimedatpreventingmothertochildtransmissionofHIV.Anti-retroviraldrugs,wherefeasible,shouldbemadeavailabletowomenlivingwithHIV/AIDSduringandafterpregnancyaspartoftheirongoingtreatmentofHIV/AIDSandprovideinfantfeedingcounsellingformotherslivingwithHIV/AIDSsothattheycanmakefreeandinformeddecisions.  :::0  70. Governments,withassistancefromUNAIDSanddonors,should,by2005,ensurethat t atleast90percent,andby2010atleast95percent,ofyoungmenandwomenaged15to24haveaccesstotheinformation,educationandservicesnecessarytodevelopthelifeskillsrequiredtoreducetheirvulnerabilitytoHIVinfection.Servicesshouldincludeaccesstopreventivemethodssuchasfemaleandmalecondoms,voluntarytesting,counsellingandfollow-up.Governmentsshoulduse,asabenchmarkindicator,HIVinfectionratesinpersons15to24yearsofage,withthegoalofensuringthatby2005prevalenceinthisagegroupisreducedglobally,andby25percentinthemostaffectedcountries,andthatby2010prevalenceinthisagegroupisreducedgloballyby25percent.  :::0  71. Theprivateandpublicsectorsshouldincreaseinvestmentsinresearchonthe t developmentofmicrobicidesandotherfemalecontrolledmethods,simplerandlessexpensivediagnostictests,singledosetreatmentsforsexuallytransmitteddiseasesandvaccines.Governments,inparticularofdevelopingcountries,withthesupportoftheinternationalcommunity,shouldstrengthenmeasurestogenerallyimprovethequality,availabilityandaffordabilityofcareofpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS.  :::0  72. Inaccordancewithitsmandate,UNAIDSshouldbeprovidedwithfinancialresources r!& inordertodotheutmosttoensureawellcoordinatedresponsefromtheUnitedNationssystemtotheHIV/AIDSpandemicandtoprovidesupporttonationalprogrammes,particularlyindevelopingcountries.  e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :E.0  Adolescentse*]rnat ]=)=)=)=)#idid 3k%,         :::0  73. Governments,withthefullinvolvementofyoungpeopleandwiththesupportofthe & . internationalcommunity,should,asapriority,makeeveryefforttoimplementtheProgrammeofActioninregardtoadolescentsexualandreproductivehealth,inaccordancewithparagraphs7.45and7.46oftheProgrammeofAction,andshould:  0 : 0:: (a) ! Inordertoprotectandpromotetherightofadolescentstotheenjoymentofthe )E$3 highestattainablestandardsofhealth,provideappropriate,specific,userfriendlyandaccessibleservicestoaddresseffectivelytheirreproductiveandsexualhealthneeds,includingreproductivehealtheducation,information,counsellingandhealthpromotion G,&6 strategies.Theseservicesshouldsafeguardtherightsofadolescentstoprivacy,confidentialityandinformedconsent,respectingtheirculturalvaluesandreligiousbeliefsandinconformitywithrelevantexistinginternationalagreementsandconventions;  :::0   (b) ! Continuetoadvocatefortheprotectionandpromotionofandsupportfor P programmesforadolescenthealth,includingsexualandreproductivehealth;identifyeffectiveandappropriatestrategiestoachievethisgoal;anddevelopgenderandagebasedindicatorsanddatasystemstomonitorprogress;  :::0   (c) ! Developatnationalandotherlevels,asappropriate,actionplansforadolescents    andyouth,basedongenderequityandequality,thatcovereducation,professionalandvocationaltrainingandincomegeneratingopportunities.Suchprogrammesshouldincludesupportmechanismsfortheeducationandcounsellingofadolescentsintheareasofgenderrelationsandequality,violenceagainstadolescents,responsiblesexualbehaviour,responsiblefamilyplanningpractices,familylife,reproductivehealth,sexuallytransmitteddiseases,HIVinfectionandAIDSprevention(ProgrammeofAction,para.7.47).Adolescentsandyouththemselvesshouldbefullyinvolvedinthedesignandimplementationofsuchinformationandservices,withproperregardforparentalguidanceandresponsibilities.Specialattentionshouldbedevotedtovulnerableanddisadvantagedyouth;  :::0   (d) ! Acknowledgeandpromotethecentralroleoffamilies,parentsandotherlegal 2 guardiansineducatingtheirchildrenandshapingtheirattitudes,andensurethatparentsandpersonswithlegalresponsibilitiesareeducatedaboutandinvolvedinprovidingsexualandreproductivehealthinformation,inamannerconsistentwiththeevolvingcapacitiesofadolescents,sothattheycanfulfiltheirrightsandresponsibilitiestowardsadolescents;  0 : 0:: (e) ! Withduerespectfortherights,dutiesandresponsibilitiesofparentsandina h mannerconsistentwiththeevolvingcapacitiesoftheadolescent,andtheirrighttoreproductivehealtheducation,informationandcare,andrespectingtheirculturalvaluesandreligiousbeliefs,ensurethatadolescents,bothinandoutofschool,receivethenecessaryinformation,includinginformationonprevention,education,counsellingandhealthservicestoenablethemtomakeresponsibleandinformedchoicesanddecisionsregardingtheirsexualandreproductivehealthneeds,inorderto,interalia,reducethenumberofadolescent   pregnancies.Sexuallyactiveadolescentswillrequirespecialfamilyplanninginformation,counsellingandhealthservices,aswellassexuallytransmitteddiseasesandHIV/AIDSpreventionandtreatment.Thoseadolescentswhobecomepregnantareatparticularriskandwillrequirespecialsupportfromtheirfamilies,healthcareprovidersandthecommunityduringpregnancy,deliveryandearlychildcare.Thissupportshouldenabletheseadolescentstocontinuetheireducation.Programmesshouldinvolveandtrainallwhoareinapositiontoprovideguidancetoadolescentsconcerningresponsiblesexualandreproductivebehaviour,particularlyparentsandfamilies,andalsocommunities,religiousinstitutions,schools,themassmediaandpeergroups.ThesepoliciesandprogrammesmustbeimplementedonthebasisofcommitmentsmadeattheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopmentandinconformitywithrelevantexistinginternationalagreementsandconventions;  0 : 0:: (f) ! Countriesshouldensurethatprogrammesandattitudesofhealthcareproviders 8'!. donotrestricttheaccessofadolescentstoappropriateservicesandtheinformationtheyneed,includingforthepreventionandtreatmentofsexuallytransmitteddiseases,HIV/AIDSandsexualviolenceandabuse.Countriesshould,inthiscontext,andinthecontextofparagraph53(e)ofthepresentdocument,whereappropriate,removelegal,regulatoryandsocialbarrierstoreproductivehealthinformationandcareforadolescents.    +&4 0 : 0::74. Recognizingthegrowingandspecialneedsofyouthandadolescents,including   reproductiveandsexualhealthissues,andtakingintoaccountthespecialsituationstheyface,theUnitedNationssystemanddonorsshouldcomplementGovernmentseffortstomobilizeandprovideadequateresourcestorespondtotheseneeds.  :::0  75. Governments,inconsultationwithnationalnon-governmentalorganizations,including  n youthorganizationswhereapplicable,andwiththerequiredassistanceoftheUnitedNationsagencies,internationalnon-governmentalorganizationsandthedonorcommunity,shouldevaluateprogrammesanddocumentexperiencesanddevelopdatacollectionsystemstomonitorprogress,andwidelydisseminateinformationaboutthedesignandfunctioningofprogrammesandtheirimpactonyoungpeoplessexualandreproductivehealth.UnitedNationsagenciesanddonorcountriesshouldsupportregionalandinternationalmechanismsforsharingthoseexperiencesamongallcountries,especiallyamongdevelopingcountries.  e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3     :V.0  Partnershipsandcollaborationse.y: y=)=)=)=)#idid 31          0 : 0::76. Governmentsareencouraged,indialoguewithnongovernmentalorganizationsand G  localcommunitygroups,andinfullrespectfortheirautonomy,tofacilitate,asappropriate,theinvolvementofcivilsocietyatthenationallevelinpolicydiscussionsandintheformulation,implementation,monitoringandevaluationofstrategiesandprogrammestoachieveProgrammeofActionobjectives.PartnershipsbetweenGovernmentsandmultilateralanddonoragenciesandcivilsocietyneedtobebased,asappropriate,ondeliveringagreedoutcomesthatbringbenefitstopoorpeopleshealth,includingreproductiveandsexualhealth.  0 : 0::77. Governments,whereappropriate,shouldincluderepresentativesofnongovernmental + organizationsandlocalcommunitygroupsincountrydelegationstoregionalandinternationalforumswhereissuesrelatedtopopulationanddevelopmentarediscussed.  0 : 0::78. Governments,civilsocietyatthenationallevelandtheUnitedNationssystemshould { worktowardsenhancingandstrengtheningtheircollaborationandcooperationwithaviewtofosteringanenablingenvironmentforpartnershipsfortheimplementationoftheProgrammeofAction.Governmentsandcivilsocietyorganizationsshoulddevelopsystemsforgreatertransparencyandinformationsharingsoastoimprovetheiraccountability.  0 : 0::79. Governmentsareencouragedtorecognizeandsupporttheimportantand $ complementaryrolethatcivilsocietyatthenationallevelcanplaytowardschangingattitudesandactionsforfurtherimplementationoftheProgrammeofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment.  0 : 0::80. Governmentsarefurtherencouragedtorecognizeandsupporttheimportantand "u) complementaryrolethatcivilsocietyatthenationallevelcanplayinhelpingcommunitiestoarticulateandmeettheirneedsforhealthcare,includingreproductivehealthcare.  0 : 0::81. Governmentsandinternationalorganizationsshouldcreateandsupportmechanisms $- tobuildandsustainpartnershipswithcommunitybasedorganizationsandnongovernmentalorganizationscommittedtoassistingwomentoestablishandrealizetheirrights,includingthosethatrelatetoreproductiveandsexualhealth,aswellasotherrelevantorganizations,theresearchcommunityandprofessionalorganizations.Governments,civilsocietyatthenationallevelandtheinternationalcommunityshouldtogetherfocusonhumanresourcesdevelopmentandonbuildingandstrengtheningnationalcapacitytoimplementsustainablepopulationandreproductivehealthprogrammes.  0 : 0::82. Governmentsandcivilsocietyorganizations,whereappropriate,areencouragedto S+%6 designinnovativeapproachesandbuildpartnershipswith,amongothers,themedia,the ,q&7 commercialsector,religiousleaders,localcommunitygroupsandleadersaswellasyouth,whichcanserveaseffectiveadvocatesfortheachievementofthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofAction.  0 : 0::83. Withreferencetoparagraph15.10oftheProgrammeofAction,Governments, P internationalorganizationsanddonorsareencouragedtoprovide,inaccordancewithnationallawsandregulationsandnationaldevelopmentpriorities,adequatefinancialandtechnicalresourcesandinformationtobuildthehumanresources,institutionalcapacityandsustainabilityofcivilsocietyorganizations,particularlywomensandyouthgroups,inamannernotcompromisingtheirfullautonomy,tofacilitatetheiractiveinvolvementintheresearch,design,implementation,monitoringandevaluationofnationalpopulationanddevelopmentpolicies,programmesandactivities.LikeGovernments,civilsocietyorganizationsshouldalsoputinplacetransparencyandaccountabilitymechanismstoensurethatprogrammeimplementationisdirectlytargetedto,andfundsareusedeffectivelyfor,nationalpopulationanddevelopmentprogrammesaswellasactivities,servicesandevaluationprocedures.  0 : 0::84. Governments,internationalorganizationsandcivilsocietyorganizationsatthenational T  level,includingnongovernmentalorganizations,shouldencouragepartnershipswiththeprivateand,whereappropriate,theinformalsectortostrengthentheirengagementandcollaborationintheimplementationoftheProgrammeofAction.TheprivatesectormayassisttheeffortsofGovernments,butitcannotsubstitutefortheGovernmentsresponsibilitytoensureandprovidequality,full,safe,accessible,affordableandconvenienthealthservices,includingreproductivehealth,familyplanningandsexualhealthservices.Governmentsareencouragedtoreviewrelevantnationallaws,standardsandregulations,asappropriate,tofacilitateprivatesectorinvolvementandtoseektoensurethatallhealthcareproductsandservices,includingreproductivehealthproductsandservices,meetinternationallyacceptedstandards.  0 : 0::85. ImplementationofkeyelementsoftheProgrammeofActionoftheInternational : ConferenceonPopulationandDevelopmentmustbetiedcloselytoabroaderstrengtheningofhealthsystems.Thepublicsectorplaysanimportantroleinthisregardandshouldbeencouragedtodefineitsroleandtoworkmorecloselywiththeprivateandinformalsectorstomonitorandimprovestandardsandtoensurethatservicesareavailableandthattheirdeliveryisofgoodqualityandaffordable.  0 : 0::86. Recognizingitsincreasingroleinprovidingreproductivehealthinformation, 8$ education,servicesandcommodities,theprivatesectorshouldensurethatitsservicesandcommoditiesareofhighqualityandmeetinternationallyacceptedstandards;thatitsactivitiesareconductedinasociallyresponsible,culturallysensitive,acceptableandcosteffectivemanner;thatitfullyrespectsvariousreligions,ethicalvaluesandculturalbackgroundsofeachcountryspeople;thatitadherestobasicrightsrecognizedbytheinternationalcommunityandrecalledintheProgrammeofAction.  0 : 0::87. Parliamentarians/membersofnationallegislaturesareinvitedtoensurelegislative %, reformandexpandedawarenessraisingnecessaryforimplementingtheProgrammeofAction.TheyareencouragedtobeadvocatesfortheimplementationoftheProgrammeofAction,includingthroughtheallocation,asappropriate,offinancialresources.Thereshouldberegularexchangesofexperiencesamongparliamentariansatthesubregional,regional,interregionalandinternationallevels,whereappropriate.  0 : 0::88. Externalfundingandsupport,fromdonorcountriesaswellastheprivatesector,should *$3 beprovidedtopromoteandsustainthefullpotentialofSouthSouthcooperation,includingtheSouthSouthinitiative:PartnersinPopulationandDevelopment,inordertobolsterthe 6,&5 sharingofrelevantexperiences,andthemobilizationoftechnicalexpertiseandotherresourcesamongdevelopingcountries.Updatedinformationoninstitutionsandexpertiseavailablewithindevelopingcountriesintheareaofpopulationanddevelopment,includingreproductivehealth,shouldbecompiledanddisseminated.  0 : 0::89. AllrelevantbodiesandentitiesoftheUnitedNationssystemshouldcontinuetoclarify  n withinexistingmechanismstheirspecificleadershiprolesandresponsibilitiesandcontinuetostrengthentheireffortstopromotesystemwidecoordinationandcollaboration,especiallyatthecountrylevel.TheintergovernmentalworkoftheCommissiononPopulationandDevelopmentshouldbereinforced,asshouldalsotheinteragencycoordinationroleofUNFPA,inthefieldofpopulationandreproductivehealth.  0 : 0::90. Governments,civilsocietyorganizationsatthenationallevelandtheUnitedNations l  systemareurgedtoconsultyouthorganizationsinthedesign,implementationandevaluationofpoliciesandprogrammesforyouth.  &  e    =)=)=)=)#idid  3    NN :VI.0  Mobilizingresourceseldd =)=)=)=)#idid 3G          0 : 0::91. IncreasedpoliticalwillfromallGovernmentsandreaffirmationofthecommitment ]  formobilizationoftheinternationalassistanceaswasagreedatCairoareurgentlyneeded'G؞toacceleratetheimplementationoftheProgrammeofActionwhich,inturn,willcontributetotheadvancementofthebroadpopulationanddevelopmentagenda.  0 : 0::92. Alldevelopedcountriesareurgedtostrengthentheircommitmenttothegoalsand ! objectivesoftheProgrammeofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment,inparticularitscostestimates,andtomakeeveryefforttomobilizetheagreedestimatedfinancialresourcesrequiredforitsimplementation,andinsodoingtheneedsofleastdevelopedcountriesshouldreceivepriority.  0 : 0::93. Alldevelopingcountriesandcountrieswitheconomiesintransitionareurgedto W strengthentheircommitmenttothegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment,inparticularitscostestimates,andtocontinuetomakeeffortstomobilizedomesticresources.DevelopinganddevelopedcountriesandcountrieswitheconomiesintransitionareurgedtopromoteinternationalcooperationandtoincreasetechnicalcooperationandtransferoftechnologythroughSouthSouthcooperation,inordertofullyimplementtheProgrammeofAction.  0 : 0::94. Donorcountriesandinternationalfundingagenciesareurgedtosupporttheinclusion & ofSouthSouthcomponentsindevelopmentcooperationprogrammesandprojectssoastopromotecosteffectivenessandsustainability.  0 : 0::95. TranslationofcommitmenttothegoalsoftheConferenceintocommensuratelevels m"* ofdonorfundinghasnotbeenforthcoming,andthereisanurgentneedfordonorcountriestorenewandintensifyeffortstomeettheneedforcomplementaryexternalresourcesrequiredtoimplementthecostedelementsoftheProgrammeofAction,thatis:(in1993UnitedStatesdollars)$5.7billionin2000,$6.1billionin2005,$6.8billionin2010and$7.2billionin2015.DonorcountriesarealsourgedtoincreasesignificantlyofficialdevelopmentassistancefundingforotherelementsoftheProgrammeofActionascontainedinchapter13,inparticular,improvementinthestatusandempowermentofwomen,basichealthcareandeducation,emergingandcontinuedhealthchallenges,suchasmalariaandotherdiseasesidentifiedbyWHOashavingmajorimpactonhealth,includingthosehavingthehighestmortalityandmorbidityrates;andtointensifyeffortstohelpcountrieseradicatepoverty.Donorcountriesarethereforeurgedtotakethenecessaryactiontoreversethe currentdeclineinoverallofficialdevelopmentassistanceandshouldstrivetofulfilthe +#&6 agreedtargetof0.7percentofgrossnationalproductforoverallofficialdevelopmentassistanceassoonaspossible.   0 : 0::96. Withfullregardtotheirrespectivejurisdictionandmandates,legislatorsandother  decisionmakersareencouragedtoundertakemeasurestoincreasesupportforachievingthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofActionthroughlegislation,advocacyandexpandedawarenessraisingandresourcemobilization.Advocacyeffortsshouldbeincreasedatalllevels,bothnationalandinternational,toensurethattheresourcegoalsaremet.  0 : 0::97. SincetheHIV/AIDSpandemicishavingamoresevereimpactthanwasoriginally    projected,specialattentionshouldbegiventoprovidingpromptlythenecessaryresourcesashasbeencalledforintheProgrammeofActionforthepreventionofsexuallytransmitteddiseasesandHIV.Particularattentionshouldbegiventovulnerablepopulations,especiallychildrenandyoungpeople.Allcountriesaffectedbythepandemicmustcontinuetomakeeffortstomobilizedomesticresourcesfromallsourcesinordertocombatit.Theinternationalcommunityiscalledupontoassistdevelopingcountriesandcountrieswitheconomiesintransitionintheirefforts.Additionally,GovernmentsandthedonorcommunityshouldintensifyeffortstoprovideresourcesforcareandsupportofthoseaffectedbyHIV/AIDSandforspecializedpreventionneeds.  0 : 0::98. Theinternationalcommunityshouldprovidethenecessaryfinancialandtechnical  assistancetosupportdevelopingcountriesandcountrieswitheconomiesintransitioncommittedtoimplementingthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofAction.SpecialattentionshouldbepaidtotheneedsofAfricaandleastdevelopedcountries,countriesfacingorsufferingfromemergencyhumanitariansituationsandfinancialandeconomiccrises,andthosedevelopingcountriessufferingfromlowcommodityprices,aswellascountriesfacinglongtermandlargescaleenvironmentalproblems.  0 : 0::99. Donorcountriesandinternationalfundingagencies,includingtheWorldBankand j theregionaldevelopmentbanks,areurgedtocomplement,attherequestofcountries,thedomesticeffortsmadetomeetthegrowingandurgentbasichealthandreproductivehealthneeds,includingreproductivehealthcommodities,ofthedevelopingandtheleastdevelopedcountries,countriesfacingincreasingdemandsforsuchcommoditiesandadiminishingshareofinternationalassistance,andcountrieswitheconomiesintransition.  0 : 0::100. Governmentsandtheinternationalcommunityshouldencourageandpromote h$ additionalwaysandmechanismstoincreasefundingforpopulationanddevelopmentprogrammes,includingsexualandreproductivehealthprogrammes,inordertoensuretheirsustainability.Thesecouldinclude,asappropriate:(a)advocacyforincreasedfundingfrominternationalfinancialinstitutionsandregionaldevelopmentbanks;(b)selectiveuseofuserfees,socialmarketing,costsharingandotherformsofcostrecovery;and(c)anincreasedinvolvementoftheprivatesector.Thesemodalitiesshouldfacilitateaccesstoservicesandshouldbeaccompaniedbyadequatesocialsafetynetmeasurestopromoteaccesstoservicesbythoselivinginpovertyandothermembersofvulnerablegroups.Considerationshouldalsobegiventomoreefficientandcoordinatedmechanismstoaddressthedebtproblem,includingthereductionoftheburdenofexternaldebtthroughvariousmeasuressuchasdebtcancellationanddebtswapsforpopulation,healthandothersocialsectorinvestmenttopromotesustainabledevelopment.  0 : 0::101. Governmentsofrecipientcountriesareencouragedtoensurethatpublicresources, )4$2 subsidiesandassistancereceivedfrominternationaldonorsfortheimplementationofthe goalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofActionareinvestedtomaximizebenefitstothe n+%4 poorandothervulnerablepopulationgroups,includingthosewhosufferfromdisproportionatereproductiveillhealth.   0 : 0::102. Utilizingexistingcoordinatedmechanismsatthenationallevel,asappropriate,donor  countries,internationalagenciesandrecipientcountriesshouldcontinuetostrengthentheireffortsandtheircollaboration,soastoavoidduplication,identifyfundinggapsandensurethatresourcesareusedaseffectivelyandefficientlyaspossible.  0 : 0::103. Governments,incooperationwithUNFPAasappropriate,shouldseektoensurefull  L andregularmonitoringofresourceflows,payingparticularattentiontotransparencyandaccountabilityforthecostedpopulationandreproductivehealthpackageincludedintheProgrammeofAction.Nongovernmentalorganizationsmayprovidethenecessaryinformation,asappropriate,inthisregard.  0 : 0::104. Countries,especiallydevelopedcountries,areurgedtosubstantiallyincreasetheir ,  voluntarycontributiontoUNFPA,aswellastootherrelevantUnitedNationsprogrammesandspecializedagencies,sothattheywillbeinabetterpositiontoassistcountriestofurtherimplementthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofAction,includingreproductivehealthprogrammes.  0 : 0::105. Governmentsofdevelopedanddevelopingcountriesareencouragedtogivethorough b  considerationtotheimplementationofthe20/20initiative,avoluntarycompactbetweeninteresteddonorandrecipientcountries,whichcanprovideincreasedresourcesforbroaderpovertyeradicationobjectives,includingpopulationandsocialsectorobjectives.  0 : 0::106. Governmentsshouldimplementpoliciesthatfacilitateincreasedaccesstobasichealth & services,includinghighqualityandaffordablereproductivehealthandfamilyplanningservices;promoteeffectiveinterventionsandsupportservices,includingprivatesectorservices,asappropriate;setstandardsforservicedelivery;andreviewlegal,regulatoryandimportpoliciestoidentifyandeliminatethosepoliciesthatunnecessarilyrestrictorpreventthegreaterinvolvementoftheprivatesector.Publicsectorresourcesandsubsidiesshouldhaveasaprioritypeoplelivinginpoverty,underservedpopulationsandlowincomesectorsofthepopulation.  A&T) dEA