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S    -/-/XůX-/#Vid  3    :::0  Proposalsforkeyactionsforthefurtherimplementationofthe % ProgrammeofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopmentSQ XůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3'         hU     -/-/:-/#Sid  3    ݚ :I.0  BackgroundhU  #idS 3::-/:O ] *           :::0  ***1. TheProgrammeofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationand "'"- Development,approvedbyconsensusby179countriesinSeptember1994,ascontainedinitsreportandasadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyinitsresolution49/128on19December1994,markedthebeginningofanewerainpopulationanddevelopment.ThelandmarkagreementreachedattheConferencemakesthe[developmentand][rights,developmentand]wellbeingofhumanbeingsthefocusofallnationalandinternationalactivitiesdesignedtoaddressissuesofpopulationanddevelopmentwithaviewtoachievingsustainedeconomicgrowthinthecontextofsustainabledevelopmentinfullrecognition #''4  #t[FU  :::0  andpropermanagementoftheimportantinterrelationshipsbetweenpopulation,resources  includingfoodsecurity,theenvironmentanddevelopment.[TheConferencealsoreaffirmedtheimportanceofuniversallyrecognizedhumanrights,includingtherighttodevelopmentandrecognizedreproductiverightsbasedupontheseuniversallyacceptedhumanrights.][TheConferencefurtherreaffirmedthatreproductiverightsembracecertainhumanrightsthatarealreadyrecognizedinnationallaws,internationalhumanrightsdocumentsandotherconsensusdocuments.]TheProgrammeofActionisstronglyrootedintheviewthatinvestinginhealthandeducation,respectingfullytherightsofcouplesandindividualsinreproductivehealthservices,andempoweringwomentobecomefullandequalmembersofsociety[callsforaccesstohealthcareservices,includingthoserelatedtoreproductivehealthcare,whichincludesfamilyplanningandsexualhealth.Reproductivehealthcareprogrammesshouldprovidethewidestrangeofserviceswithoutanyformofcoercion.Allcouplesandindividualshavethebasicrighttodecidefreelyandresponsiblythenumberandspacingoftheirchildrenandtohavetheinformation,educationandmeanstodoso.TheProgrammeofActionalsocallsforempoweringwomentobecomefullandequalmembersofsociety,theeradicationofpovertyandtheachievementoffoodsecurity,allofwhich]arekeyactionsnecessarytobringaboutglobalstabilityandtocreate[improvedqualityoflifeand]improvedopportunitiesforallpeople.TheProgrammeofActionmustbeseenasbeingcloselyrelatedtotheoutcomesoftheothermajorUnitedNationsconferencesheldinthe1990s.[TheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopmentfollowsandbuildsonotherimportantrecentinternationalconferences,]andprogresswithitsimplementationshouldbeconsideredwithinthecommonframeworkofthefollowuptoallmajorinternationalUnitedNationsconferences.  :::0  1bis.TheimplementationoftherecommendationscontainedintheProgrammeofAction F andthosecontainedinthepresentdocumentisthesovereignrightofeachcountry,consistentwithnationallawsanddevelopmentpriorities,withfullrespectforthevariousreligiousandethicalvaluesandculturalbackgroundsofitspeople,andinconformitywithuniversallyrecognizedinternationalhumanrights.  :::0  2. TheProgrammeofActionrecommendedasetofinterdependentquantitativegoals &| andobjectives.Theseincludeduniversalaccesstoprimaryeducation,withspecialattentiontoclosingthegendergapinprimaryandsecondaryschooleducation,whereveritexists;universalaccesstoprimaryhealthcare;universalaccesstoafullrangeofcomprehensivereproductivehealthcareservices,includingfamilyplanning,assetoutinparagraph7.6oftheProgrammeofAction;reductionsininfant,childandmaternalmorbidityandmortality;andincreasedlifeexpectancy.TheProgrammeofActionalsoproposedasetofqualitativegoalsthataremutuallysupportiveandofcriticalimportancetoachievingthequantitativegoalsandobjectives.  :::0  3. TheProgrammeofActionarticulatesacomprehensiveapproachtoissuesofpopulation |#( anddevelopment,identifyingarangeofdemographicandsocialgoalstobeachievedovera20-yearperiod.WhiletheProgrammeofActiondoesnotquantifygoalsforpopulationgrowth,structureanddistribution,itreflectstheviewthatanearlystabilizationofworldpopulationwouldmakeacrucialcontributiontorealizingtheoverarchingobjectiveofsustainabledevelopment.  :::0  4. AccordingtotheUnitedNationsestimatesandprojections,theworldspopulation z("/ willexceed6billionforthefirsttimein1999,ofwhichnearly80percentwillbelivingindevelopingcountries.Dependingonthequalityandthemagnitudeoftheactionstakenoverthenext5to10yearsintheareasofpopulationpolicyandreproductivehealth,includingtheprovisionoffamilyplanningservices,worldpopulationwilltotalsomewherebetween6.9billionand7.4billionin2015.Themajorityoftheworldscountriesare b,&4 converginginapatternoflowbirthanddeathrates,butsincethesecountriesareproceedingatdifferentspeeds,theemergingpictureisthatofaworldfacingincreasinglydiversedemographicsituations.Theworldsreproductiveagepopulationcontinuestogrowataslightlyhigherratethantheworldspopulationasawhole,reflectingthelargenumberofyoungpeopleenteringtheirchildbearingyears.TheProgrammeofActionrightlyemphasizestheneedtofullyintegratepopulationconcernsintodevelopmentstrategiesandplanning,takingintoaccounttheinterrelationshipofpopulationissueswiththegoalsofpovertyeradication,foodsecurity,adequateshelter,employmentandbasicsocialservicesforall,withtheobjectiveofimprovingthequalityoflifeofpresentandfuturegenerationsthroughappropriatepopulationanddevelopmentpoliciesandprogrammes.  :::0  5. Thefiveyearreviewofprogressshowsthattheimplementationofthe    recommendationsoftheProgrammeofActionhasshownpositiveresults.Manycountrieshavetakenstepstointegratepopulationconcernsintotheirdevelopmentstrategies.MortalityinmostcountrieshascontinuedtofallinthefiveyearssincetheadoptionoftheProgrammeofAction.TheConferencesbroadbaseddefinitionofreproductivehealthisbeingacceptedbyanincreasingnumberofcountries,andstepsarebeingtakentoprovidecomprehensiveservicesinmanycountries,withincreasingemphasisbeinggiventoqualityofcare.Therisinguseoffamilyplanningmethodsindicatesthatthereisgreateraccessibilitytofamilyplanningandthatmoreandmorecouplesandindividualsareabletochoosethenumberandspacingoftheirchildren.Manycountries,bothcountriesoforiginanddestination,havetakenimportantsteps,including,interalia,attheregionallevel,aimedatbettermanaging  internationalmigrationflowsthroughbilateralandmultinationalagreements.Inaddition,manycivilsocietyorganizationsarecontributingtotheformulationandimplementationofpolicies,programmesandprojectsontheirownorinpartnershipswithgovernmentalandintergovernmentalorganizationsaswellastheprivatesector.  :::0  6. However,forsomecountriesandregions,progresshasbeenlimited,andinsomecases $ setbackshaveoccurred.Womenandthegirlchildcontinuetofacediscrimination.Thehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus/acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome(HIV/AIDS)pandemichasledtorisesinmortalityinmanycountries,inparticularinsub-SaharanAfrica.Mortalityandmorbidityamongadultsandchildrenfrominfectious,parasiticandwaterbornediseases,suchastuberculosis,malariaandschistosomiasis,continuetotaketheirtoll.Maternalmortalityandmorbidityremainunacceptablyhigh.Adolescentsremainparticularlyvulnerabletoreproductiveandsexualrisks.Millionsofcouplesandindividualsstilllackaccesstoreproductivehealthinformationandservices.Anincreaseinadultmortality,especiallyamongmen,isamatterofspecialconcernforcountrieswitheconomiesintransitionandsomedevelopingcountries.TheimpactofthefinancialcrisesincountriesofAsiaandelsewhere,aswellasthelongtermandlargescaleenvironmentalproblemsinCentralAsiaandotherregions,isaffectingthehealthandwellbeingofindividualsandlimitingprogressinimplementingtheProgrammeofAction.DespitetheProgrammesgoalofreducingpressuresleadingtorefugeemovementsanddisplacedpersons,theplightofrefugeesanddisplacedpersonsremainsunacceptable.  :::0  7. AchievingthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofActionwillrequiresufficient & , domesticandexternalresources,committedgovernmentactionandeffective,transparentpartnerships.InordertofurtherimplementtheProgrammeofAction,anumberoffinancial,institutionalandhumanresourceconstraintsmustbeovercome.ImplementingthekeyactionsofthepresentdocumentandaddressingthefullrangeofrecommendationsoftheProgrammeofActionwillrequiregreaterpoliticalcommitment,developmentofnationalcapacity,increasedinternationalassistanceandincreaseddomesticresources.EffectiveprioritysettingwithineachnationalcontextisanequallycriticalfactorforthesuccessfulimplementationoftheProgrammeofAction.,2'4 Ї:::0  7bis.InimplementingandtakingforwardtheProgrammeofAction,anintegratedapproach  shouldbeadoptedtowardspolicydesign,developmentplanning,servicedelivery,researchandmonitoringtoutilizescarceresourcesforgreateraddedvalueandtopromoteintersectoralcoordination.  :::0  7ter.Thepresentdocumentdrawsontheresultsandfindingsofintergovernmentalreviews  n undertheauspicesoftheUnitedNations,includingtheannualandquinquennialreviewandappraisalbytheCommissiononPopulationandDevelopmentandmeetingsandreportsoftheUnitedNationsregionalcommissionsregardingprogressmadeandconstraintsfacedintheimplementationoftheProgrammeofAction.  :::0  8. Inrecommendingthekeyactionscontainedinthepresentdocument,Governments N   affirmtheirrenewedandsustainedcommitmenttotheprinciples,goalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofAction.Governmentsandcivilsocietyatthenationallevel,inpartnershipwiththeinternationalcommunity,shouldjoinineffortstoensurethatthegoalsandobjectivesoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopmentareaccomplishedassoonaspossible,withspecialattentiontothosethatshouldbemetwithinthe20-yeartimeframeoftheProgrammeofAction.      -/-/hU     `-/-/`:-/#Sid  3    JJ :II.0  PopulationanddevelopmentconcernshU vM KN#idS 3::::-/:         S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3    xx :A.0  Population,economicdevelopmentandtheenvironmentSO PXůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3t         0 : 0::9. Governmentsshould:( ~ 0 : 0:: (a) ! Intensifyeffortstoequipplannersanddecisionmakerswithabetter >  understandingoftherelationshipsamongpopulation,poverty,genderinequityandinequality,health,education,theenvironment,financialandhumanresources,anddevelopment;andre-examinerecentresearchconcerningtherelationshipsamongreductionsinfertilityandeconomicgrowthanditsequitabledistribution;  0 : 0:: (b) ! Drawattentiontoandpromotelinkagesamongmacroeconomic,environmental t andsocialpoliciesthroughincreaseddialogueamongfinanceministriesandotherrelevantministries;  0 : 0:: (c) ! Intensifyeffortstoimplementlegislativeandadministrativemeasuresaswell p  astopromotepubliceducation,withspecialattentiontoyouth,abouttheneedforsustainableproductionandconsumptionpatterns;fostersustainablenaturalresourceuse;andworkconcertedlytopreventenvironmentaldegradationwithintheircountries;  0 : 0:: (d) ! Increaseinvestmentsinthesocialsector,especiallyhealthandeducation,as  aneffectivestrategyfordevelopment;  0 : 0:: (d)bisDevelopandexpandintegratedcommunity-basedapproachestosustainable f development.  0 : 0::10. Governments,incooperationwiththeinternationalcommunity,shouldreaffirmtheir D commitmenttopromotinganenablingenvironmenttoachievesustainedeconomicgrowthinthecontextofsustainabledevelopmentandtoeradicatingpoverty,withaspecialemphasisongender,includingbypromotinganopen,equitable,secure,non-discriminatoryandpredictabletradingsystem;stimulatingdirectinvestment;reducingthedebtburden;andensuringthatstructuraladjustmentprogrammesareresponsivetosocial,economicandenvironmentalconcerns.Population-relatedgoalsandpoliciesoutlinedintheProgrammeofActionneedtobereflected,asappropriate,ininternationalagreementsinsuchareasasenvironmentandtrade.  0 : 0::11. Governmentsofdevelopingcountriesandcountrieswitheconomiesintransition,with ' theassistanceoftheinternationalcommunity,especiallydonors,includingthroughbilateraland/ormultilateralfinancialsupport,shouldensurethatsocialsafetynetsareimplemented,especiallyinthosecountriesmostaffectedbytherecentglobalfinancialcrisis,andensurethattheyareadequatelyfunded.  0 : 0::12. Governmentsofdevelopingcountriesandcountrieswitheconomiesintransition,with #&- theassistanceoftheinternationalcommunity,especiallydonors,should:  0 : 0:: (a) ! Continuetosupportdeclinesininfantandchildmortalityratesbystrengthening % 0 infantandchildhealthprogrammesthatemphasizeimprovedprenatalcareandnutrition,includingbreastfeeding,unlessitismedicallycontraindicated,universalimmunization,oralrehydrationtherapies,cleanwatersources,infectiousdiseaseprevention,reductionofexposuretotoxicsubstances,andimprovementsinhouseholdsanitation;andbystrengtheningmaternalhealthservices,qualityfamily-planningservicestohelpcouplestimeandspacebirths,andeffortstopreventtransmissionofHIV/AIDSandothersexuallytransmitteddiseases;    +&8 0 : 0:: (a)bisStrengthenhealth-caresystemstorespondtoprioritydemandsonthem,taking   intoaccountthefinancialrealitiesofcountriesandtheneedtoensurethatresourcesarefocusedonthehealthneedsofpeopleinpoverty;  0 : 0:: (a)terDeterminethecausesofthestagnationorincreaseofmortalityamongadult P populationsanddevelopspecialpoliciesandprogrammesonhealthpromotionwheresuchstagnationordeteriorationinmortalitylevelsisobserved,especiallyamongwomeninreproductiveagegroupsandmalesinproductiveagegroups;  0 : 0:: (a)quaterEnsurethatpovertyeradicationprogrammesaretargetedparticularlyat    femalesandthatpriorityisgiventofemale-headedhouseholds;  0 : 0:: (a)quinquiensDevelopinnovativewaystoprovidemoreeffectiveassistanceto    strengthenfamiliesinextremepoverty,suchasprovidingmicro-creditforpoorfamiliesandindividuals;  0 : 0:: (a)sixiensUndertakepoliciesandprogrammesthatseektoensurealevelof B  consumptionthatmeetsthebasicneedsofthepooranddisadvantaged.  0 : 0::12bis.Measuresshouldbetakentostrengthenfood,nutritionandagriculturalpoliciesand  v  programmes,andfairtraderelations,withspecialattentiontothecreationandstrengtheningoffoodsecurityatalllevels.  0 : 0::12ter.Governmentsshouldpromoteandprotecttherightsofindigenouspeoplewith  particularregardtotheircultures,resources,beliefsystems,landrightsandlanguages.  S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3     :B.0  ChangingagestructureandageingofthepopulationSi jXůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3         0 : 0::13. Governmentsshould:n 0 : 0:: (a)bisContinuetoexaminetheeconomicandsocialimplicationsofdemographic ! change,andhowtheyrelatetodevelopmentplanningconcernsandtheneedsofindividuals;  0 : 0:: *4!g O#  *      (a)Withduerespecttotherights,dutiesandresponsibilitiesofparentsandconsistent b$ withtheevolvingcapacitiesofyoungpeopleaswellaswiththeactivesupportofnon-governmentalorganizationsandtheprivatesector,investinthedevelopmentandimplementationofnational,regionalandlocalplanstomeettheneedsofyoungpeople,especiallyyoungwomen.Suchplansshouldincludeeducation,income-generatingopportunities,vocationaltraining,andhealthservices,includingsexualandreproductivehealth.Youngpeopleshouldbefullyinvolvedinthedesign,evaluation,andimplementationoftheseplans.Emphasisshouldbeplacedonfosteringintergenerationaldialoguethroughbettercommunicationandmutualsupport;  0 : 0:: (b) ! Supportresearchanddevelopcomprehensivestrategiesatthenational,regional #. andlocallevelstomeet,whereappropriate,thechallengesofpopulationageing.Investmoreresourcesingender-sensitiveresearchaswellasintrainingandcapacity-buildinginsocialpoliciesandhealthcareofolderpersons,especiallytheelderlypoor,payingspecialattentiontotheeconomicandsocialsecurityofolderpersons,inparticularolderwomen;affordable,accessibleandappropriatehealth-careservices;thehumanrightsanddignityofolderpersonsandtheproductiveandusefulrolesthattheycanplayinsociety;supportsystemstoenhancetheabilityoffamiliesandcommunitiestocareforolderfamilymembers;theabilityoftheelderlytocareforfamilymembersandcommunityvictimsofHIV/AIDS;andgenerationalsolidaritywiththegoalofmaintainingandimprovingsocialcohesion.*%7 Ї0 : 0::14. Governmentsandcivilsociety,includingnon-governmentalorganizationsandthe  privatesector,shouldcreateopportunitiesandremovebarriersthathinderelderlywomenandmenfromcontinuingtocontributetheirskillstotheirfamilies,totheworkforceandtotheircommunitiesinordertohelpfosterintergenerationalsolidarityandenhancethewell-beingofsociety.Thiswillrequirelife-longeducationandopportunitiesforretraining.  0 : 0::15. TheUnitedNationssystemshould,providedthatadditionalresourcesaremade  6 available,documentthepositiveexperienceofpoliciesandprogrammesintheareaofageingofmenandwomenanddisseminateinformationandrecommendationsaboutthosepractices.Countriesshouldbeenabled,throughadequatetrainingandcapacity-building,toevolvetheirownpoliciesappropriatetotheircultures,traditionsandsocio-economiccircumstances.  S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3    xx :C.0  InternationalmigrationSyinp ]zXůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3,          0 : 0::16. Governmentsinbothcountriesoforiginandcountriesofdestination,includingthrough 6  internationalcooperation,areurged:  0 : 0:: (a) ! Tointensifyeffortstoprotectthehumanrightsanddignityofmigrants   irrespectiveoftheirlegalstatus;provideeffectiveprotectionformigrants;providebasichealthandsocialservices,includingsexualandreproductivehealthandfamily-planningservices;facilitatefamilyreunificationofdocumentedmigrants;monitorviolationsofthehumanrightsofmigrants;effectivelyenforcethelawsapplicabletotheprotectionofhumanrights;andensurethesocialandeconomicintegrationofdocumentedmigrants,especiallyofthosewhohaveacquiredtherighttolong-termresidenceinthecountryofdestination,andtheirequaltreatmentbeforethelaw.Non-governmentalorganizationsshouldplayavaluableroleinmeetingtheneedsofmigrants;  0 : 0:: (b) ! Topreventtraffickinginmigrants,inparticularwomenandchildrensubjected j toforcedlabourorsexualorcommercialexploitation;todevelopclearpenaltiesforsuchtraffickingandmigrantsmuggling,backedbyeffectiveadministrativeproceduresandlaws,ensuringpunishmentofthosewhocommitsuchcrimes;andtofinalizeassoonaspossibletraffickingandsmugglingprotocolswhicharecurrentlybeingnegotiatedbytheUnitedNationsCommissiononCrimePreventionandCriminalJustice;  0 : 0:: (c) ! Tosupportandensureeffectivefollow-upofbilateralandmultilateralinitiatives, h% includingregionalandsubregionalconsultationprocesses,whereappropriate,todevelopnationalpoliciesandcooperativestrategiestomaximizethebenefitsandmanagethechallengesposedbyinternationalmigration;  0 : 0:: (c)bisToconductpublicinformationcampaignsonmigrationinbothcountriesof "* originandcountriesofdestinationsothatracistandxenophobicattitudesincountriesofdestinationarecombatedandsothatpotentialmigrantsfullyunderstandtheimplicationsofthedecisionstomove;  0 : 0:: (d) ! Toconsiderratifying/accedingtotheInternationalConventionontheProtection %D / oftheRightsofAllMigrantWorkersandMembersofTheirFamilies,iftheyhavenotalreadydoneso.  0 : 0::16bis.Theinternationalcommunityshouldextendassistanceandsupporttoprogrammes ("3 indevelopingcountriesthathostthemajorityofrefugeesanddisplacedpersons.Assistanceshouldalsobeextendedtoprogrammesincountrieslackingthecapacitytomanagelargeflowsofmigrantsanddisplacedpersons.    w+%7 0 : 0::16ter.AllStatesareencouragedtobecomepartiestotheUnitedNationsConventionof  1951andtheProtocolof1967relatingtotheStatusofRefugeesandputinplaceeffectiveasylumprocedures.   0 : 0::17. Governments,withtheassistanceoftheinternationalcommunity,shouldintensify P theireffortstoimprovedatacollectionandanalysis,includinggender-basedanalysis,intheareasofinternationalmigrationand,inthiscontext,promotetheimplementationoftheUnitedNationsrecommendationsonstatisticsofinternationalmigration;encouragestudiesdesignedtoassessthecausesofinternationalmigrationanddisplacementandthepositivecontributionthatmigrationmakestobothcountriesoforiginandcountriesofdestination;andimproveunderstandingofthelinksbetweenrelevantfactorsthathaveanimpactoninternationalmigration.  0 : 0::17bis.Theinternationalcommunityshouldchanneladequatesupporttoeffective 4  programmestoaddressthecausesofmovementofrefugeesanddisplacedpersons.  0 : 0::17ter.Inplanningandimplementingrefugeeassistanceactivities,specialattentionshould   begiventothespecificneedsofrefugeewomen,children,andelderlyrefugees.Adequateandsufficientinternationalsupportshouldbeextendedtomeetthebasicneedsofrefugeepopulations,includingtheprovisionofaccesstoadequateaccommodation,education,protectionfromviolence,healthservicesincludingreproductivehealthandfamilyplanning,andotherbasicsocialservices,includingcleanwater,sanitation,andnutrition.Refugeesshouldrespectthelawsandregulationsoftheircountriesofasylum.Governmentsareurgedtoabidebyinternationallawconcerningrefugees,interalia,byrespectingtheprinciple 4 ofnon-refoulement.Inacknowledgingrefugeesrightstorepatriation,theirreturnand R integrationshouldbefacilitatedincooperationwithrelevantinternationalorganizations.  S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3    xx :D.0  Internalmigration,populationdistributionandurbanagglomerationsS<inp XůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3F         0 : 0::18. Governmentsshouldcarryoutresearchtostrengthentheunderstandingofthefactors,   trendsandcharacteristicsofinternalmigrationandgeographicaldistributionofthepopulationinordertoprovidegroundsfortheformulationofeffectivepopulationdistributionpolicy.  0 : 0::19. Governmentsshouldimprovethemanagementanddeliveryofservicesforthegrowing h% urbanagglomerationsandputinplaceenablinglegislativeandadministrativeinstrumentsandadequatefinancialresourcestomeettheneedsofallcitizens,especiallytheurbanpoor,internalmigrants,olderpersonsandthedisabled.  0 : 0::20. GovernmentsshouldstronglyreaffirmthecallintheProgrammeofActionthat "* populationdistributionpoliciesshouldbeconsistentwithsuchinternationalinstrumentsastheGenevaConventionrelativetotheProtectionofCivilianPersonsinTimeofWar,of12August1949,includingarticle49thereof.  0 : 0::21. GovernmentsshouldstronglyreaffirmthecallintheProgrammeofActionthat %D / countriesshouldaddressthecausesofinternaldisplacement,includingenvironmentaldegradation,naturaldisasters,armedconflictandforcedresettlement,andestablishthenecessarymechanismstoprotectandassistdisplacedpersons,including,wherepossible,compensationfordamages,especiallyforthosewhoarenotabletoreturntotheirnormalplaceofresidenceintheshorttermand,whereappropriate,facilitatetheirreturnandreintegration,withspecialattentiontotheneedsofwomenandchildren.    ?,&8 &    S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3     :E.0  Population,developmentandeducationS$inp XůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3         0 : 0::22. Governmentsandcivilsociety,withtheassistanceoftheinternationalcommunity, ^ should,asquicklyaspossible,andinanycasebefore2015,meettheConferencesgoalofachievinguniversalaccess' Ԁtoprimaryeducation;eliminatethegendergapinprimaryandsecondaryeducationby2005;andstrivetoensurethatby2010thenetprimaryschoolenrolmentratioforchildrenofbothsexeswillbeatleast90percent,comparedwithanestimated85percentin2000.Specialeffortsshouldbemadetoincreasetheretentionratesofgirlsinprimaryandsecondaryschool.Parentsshouldbesensitizedtothevalueofeducationofchildren,particularlyofgirlssothatthegirlsdoachievetheirfullpotential.  0 : 0::23. Governments,inparticularofdevelopingcountries,withtheassistanceofthe  B  internationalcommunity,should:  0 : 0:: (a) ! Expandyouthandadulteducationandlifelongculture-andgender-sensitive   learningpolicesandprogrammes,withparticularattentiontomigrants,indigenouspeopleandpeoplewithdisabilities;  0 : 0:: i O#  *      (a)bisIncludesexeducationinschoolcurriculainordertofurtherimplementthe p  ProgrammeofActionintermsofpromotingresponsiblesexualbehaviourandprotectingadolescentsfromearlypregnancy,unsafeabortionandsexuallytransmitteddiseases,includingHIV/AIDS;  0 : 0:: (b) ! Reducetherateofilliteracyofwomenandmen,atleasthalvingitforwomen 4 andgirlsby2005,comparedwiththeratein1990;  0 : 0:: (c) ! Promotetheachievementoffunctionalliteracyforadultsaswellaschildren  whereschoolingremainsunavailable;  0 : 0:: (d) ! Continuetogivehighprioritytoinvestmentsineducationandtrainingin  developmentbudgets;  0 : 0:: (d)bisProvideadequatelyequippedfacilitiesbyrehabilitatingexistingschoolsand x! buildingnewones.  0 : 0::24. TheProgrammeofActionrecognizedthatgreaterpublicknowledge,understanding V$ andcommitmentatalllevels,fromtheindividualtotheinternational,arevitaltotheachievementofthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofAction.Tothisend,ensuringaccesstoanduseofmoderncommunicationtechnology,includingsatellitetransmissionandothercommunicationmechanisms,shouldbestudiedandappropriateactiontakenasameanstoaddressthebarrierstoeducationindevelopingcountries,inparticular,theleastdevelopedcountries,withassistancefromtheinternationalcommunity.  S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3     :F.0  Datasystems,includingindicatorsSyinp NXůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 32$.         0 : 0::25. Governments,incollaborationwithresearchinstitutionsandnon-governmental %< 1 organizations,aswellaswiththeassistanceoftheinternationalcommunity,includingdonors,shouldstrengthennationalinformationsystemstoproducereliablestatisticsonabroadrangeofpopulation,environmentanddevelopmentindicatorsinatimelymanner.Theindicatorsshouldinclude,interalia,povertyratesatthecommunitylevel;womens )\#5 accesstosocialandeconomicresources;enrolmentandretentionofgirlsandboysinschools;accesstosexualandreproductivehealthservicesdisaggregatedbypopulation *$7 sub-groups,includingindigenouspeople;andgendersensitivityinsexualandreproductivehealthservices,includingfamilyplanning.Inaddition,inconsultationwithindigenouspeople,Governmentsshouldestablishandstrengthennationalstatisticsanddatacollectionconcerningthehealthofindigenouspeople,includingsexualandreproductivehealthandtheirdeterminants.Alldatasystemsshouldensureavailabilityofage-andsex-disaggregateddata,whicharecrucialfortranslatingpolicyintostrategiesthataddressageandgenderconcernsandfordevelopingappropriateage-andgender-impactindicatorsformonitoringprogress.Governmentsshouldalsocollectanddisseminatethequantitativeandqualitativedataneededtoassessthestatusofmaleandfemalereproductivehealth,includinginurbanareas,andtodesign,implement,monitorandevaluateactionprogrammes.Specialattentionshouldbegiventomaternalmortalityandmorbidity,asthisdatabaseremainsinadequate.Healthandreproductivehealthdatashouldbedisaggregatedbyincomeandpovertystatustoidentifythespecifichealthprofileandneedsofpeoplelivinginpovertyandasabasisforfocusingresourcesandsubsidiesonthosewhoneedthemmost.  0 : 0::26. TheUnitedNationssystemanddonorsshouldbespecificallyurgedtostrengthenthe >  capacityofdevelopingcountries,particularlytheleastdevelopedcountries,andthosewitheconomiesintransition,toundertakecensusesandsurveysonaregularbasissoastoimprovevitalregistrationsystems,andtodevelopinnovativeandcost-effectivesolutionsformeetingdatarequirements,especiallyforregularmonitoringoftheimplementationofthegoalsoftheConference,includingimprovedestimatesofmaternalmortality.  #-/-/WM#  [ -/-/hU     `-/-/`:-/#Sid  3     :III.  Genderequality,equityandempowermentofwomenhU N ##idS 3::::-/:          S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3    xx :A.0  PromotionandprotectionofwomenshumanrightsS yXůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3t         :::0  27. Governmentsshouldensurethatthehumanrightsofwomenandgirlsarerespected, ( ~ protectedandpromotedthroughthedevelopment,implementationandeffectiveenforcementofgendersensitivepoliciesandlegislation.AllGovernmentsareencouragedtosign,ratifyandimplementtheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomenandarealsoencouragedtopromoteconsiderationbytheEconomicandSocialCouncilandGeneralAssemblyoftheOptionalProtocol,andinterestedStatespartiesareencouragedtoworktowardsremovingallexistingreservationsthatareincompatiblewiththeobjectiveandpurposeoftheConvention.IntheimplementationofthegoalsoftheProgrammeofActionandthoseofotherUnitedNationsconferences,measuresaimedatpromotingandachievinggenderequalityandequityinasystematicandcomprehensivemannershouldbecoordinatedandharmonized.  :::0  28. TheimplementationofpopulationanddevelopmentpoliciesbyGovernmentsshould d  continuetoincorporatereproductiverightsinaccordancewithparagraphs1.15,7.3and8.25oftheProgrammeofAction.Governmentsshouldtakestrongmeasurestopromotethehumanrightsofwomen.Governmentsareencouragedtostrengthen,asappropriate,thereproductiveandsexualhealthaswellasthereproductiverightsfocusonpopulationanddevelopmentpoliciesandprogrammes.TheworkofrelevantUnitedNationsbodiesonindicatorsforthepromotionandprotectionofthehumanrightsofwomenshouldincorporateissuesrelatedtosexualandreproductivehealth.Governmentsshouldensuretheprotectionandpromotionoftherightsofadolescents,includingmarriedadolescentgirls,toreproductivehealtheducation,informationandcare.Countriesshouldestablishmechanismsforconsultationwithallrelevantgroups,includingwomensorganizations.Inthiscontext,Governmentsareurgedtoincorporatehumanrightsintobothformalandinformaleducationprocesses.  :::0  29. Governments,civilsocietyandtheUnitedNationssystemshouldadvocateforthe   humanrightsofwomenandthegirlchild.Governments,inreportingtothehumanrightstreatybodies,areencouragedtoconsult,asappropriate,withcivilsocietyonandpromotecivilsocietyawarenessofthereportingprocesstoensurethebroadestrepresentationintheareaofhumanrights,includingreproductiverights.  :::0  30. Governmentsshouldpromoteandprotectthehumanrightsofthegirlchildandyoung  & women,whichincludeeconomicandsocialrightsaswellasfreedomfromcoercion,discriminationandviolence,includingharmfulpracticesandsexualexploitation.Governmentsshouldreviewalllegislationandamendandrevokethatwhichdiscriminatesagainstthegirlchildandyoungwomen.  S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3     :B.0  TheempowermentofwomenS8  XůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3&\ .         :::0  31. Governmentsshouldestablishmechanismstoacceleratewomensequalparticipation '"1 andequitablerepresentationatalllevelsofthepoliticalprocessandpubliclifeineachcommunityandsocietyandenablewomentoarticulatetheirconcernsandneedsandensurethefullandequalparticipationofwomenindecisionmakingprocessesinallspheresoflife.Governmentsandcivilsocietyshouldtakeactionstoeliminateattitudesandpracticesthatdiscriminateagainstandsubordinategirlsandwomenandthatreinforcegenderinequality.j,&7 Ї:::0  32. Governmentsshouldtakemeasurestopromotethefulfilmentofgirlsandwomens  potentialthrougheducation,skillsdevelopmentandtheeradicationofilliteracyforallgirlsandwomenwithoutdiscriminationofanykind,givingparamountimportancetotheeliminationofpovertyandillhealth.Governments,incollaborationwithcivilsociety,shouldtakethenecessarymeasurestoensureuniversalaccess,onthebasisofequalitybetweenwomenandmen,toappropriate,affordableandqualityhealthcareforwomenthroughouttheirlifecycle.  :::0  33. Governmentsshouldtakeeverypossibleactiontoremoveallgendergapsand p  inequalitiespertainingtowomenslivelihoodsandparticipationinthelabourmarketthroughthecreationofemploymentwithsecureincomes,whichhasbeenshowntoadvancewomensempowermentandenhancetheirreproductivehealth.Legislationensuringequalpayforequalworkshouldbeinstitutedandenforced.  S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3    xx :C.0  GenderperspectiveinprogrammesandpoliciesSi >XůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3          :::0  34. Agenderperspectiveshouldbeadoptedinallprocessesofpolicyformulationand p  implementationandinthedeliveryofservices,especiallyinsexualandreproductivehealth,includingfamilyplanning.Inthisregard,theinstitutionalcapacityandexpertiseofstaffinGovernment,civilsociety,includingnon-governmentalorganizations,andtheUnitedNationssystemshouldbestrengthenedinordertopromotegendermainstreaming.Thisshouldbedonebysharingtools,methodologiesandlessonslearnedinordertodevelopandstrengthentheircapacityandinstitutionalizeeffectivestrategiesforgenderbasedanalysisandgendermainstreaming.Thisincludesthedevelopmentandavailabilityofgenderdisaggregateddataandappropriateindicatorsformonitoringprogressatthenationallevel.  :::0  35. Thedifferentialimpactonwomenandmenofglobalizationoftheeconomyandthe  privatizationofbasicsocialservices,particularlyreproductivehealthservices,shouldbemonitoredclosely.Specialprogrammesandinstitutionalmechanismsshouldbeputinplacetopromoteandprotectthehealthandwellbeingofyounggirls,olderwomenandothervulnerablegroups.Theprovisionofservicestomeetmensreproductiveandsexualhealthneedsshouldnotprejudicereproductiveandsexualhealthservicesforwomen.  :::0  36. Governmentsshouldgiveprioritytodevelopingprogrammesandpoliciesthatfoster $ normsandattitudesofzerotoleranceforharmfulanddiscriminatoryattitudes,includingsonpreference,whichcanresultinharmfulandunethicalpracticessuchasprenatalsexselection,discriminationandviolenceagainstthegirlchildandallformsofviolenceagainstwomen,includingfemalegenitalmutilation,rape,incest,trafficking,sexualviolenceandexploitation.Thisentailsdevelopinganintegratedapproachthataddressestheneedforwidespreadsocial,culturalandeconomicchange,inadditiontolegalreforms.Thegirlchildsaccesstohealth,nutrition,educationandlifeopportunitiesshouldbeprotectedandpromoted.Theroleoffamilymembers,especiallyparentsandotherlegalguardians,instrengtheningtheselfimage,selfesteemandstatusandinprotectingthehealthandwellbeingofgirlsshouldbeenhancedandsupported.  S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3    xx :D.0  AdvocacyforgenderequalityandequityS XůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3(#2         :::0  37. Governments,parliamentarians,communityandreligiousleaders,familymembers, t*$5 mediarepresentatives,educatorsandotherrelevantgroupsshouldactivelypromotegenderequalityandequity.Thesegroupsshoulddevelopandstrengthentheirstrategiestochangenegativeanddiscriminatoryattitudesandpracticestowardswomenandthegirlchild.All ,"'8 leadersatthehighestlevelsofpolicyanddecisionmakingshouldspeakoutinsupportofgenderequalityandequity,includingempowermentofwomenandprotectionofthegirlchildandyoungwomen.  :::0  38. Allleadersatalllevels,aswellasparentsandeducators,shouldpromotepositivemale P rolemodelsthatfacilitateboystobecomegendersensitiveadultsandenablementosupport,promoteandrespectwomenssexualandreproductivehealthandreproductiverights,recognizingtheinherentdignityofallhumanbeings.Menshouldtakeresponsibilityfortheirownreproductiveandsexualbehaviourandhealth.Researchshouldbeundertakenonmenssexuality,theirmasculinityandtheirreproductivebehaviour.  :::0  38bis.Governments,donorsandtheUnitedNationssystemshouldencourageandsupport N   expansionandstrengtheningofwomensgrassroots,communitybasedandadvocacygroups.  #-/-//#  J  -/-/hU     `-/-/`:-/#Sid  3     :IV.0  ReproductiverightsandreproductivehealthhU [ 0#idS 3::::-/:         :::0  [newpara.]ThissectionisespeciallyguidedbytheprinciplesoftheProgrammeofAction.t S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3    xx :A.0  Reproductivehealth,includingfamilyplanningandsexualhealthSQ &XůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3          :::0  39. Governments,incollaborationwithcivilsociety,includingnon-governmental T   organizations,donorsandtheUnitedNationssystem,should:  :::0   (a) ! Givehighprioritytoreproductiveandsexualhealthinthebroadercontextof 2   healthsectorreform,includingstrengtheningbasichealthsystems,fromwhichpeoplelivinginpovertyinparticularcanbenefit;  :::0   (a)bisEnsurethatpolicies,strategicplans,andallaspectsoftheimplementationof .  reproductiveandsexualhealthservicesrespectallhumanrights,includingtherighttodevelopment,andthatsuchservicesmeethealthneedsoverthelifecycle,includingtheneedsofadolescents,addressinequitiesandinequalitiesduetopoverty,genderandotherfactorsandensureequityofaccesstoinformationandservices;  :::0   (b) ! Engageallrelevantsectors,includingnon-governmentalorganizations, d especiallywomensandyouthorganizationsandprofessionalassociations,throughongoingparticipatoryprocessesinthedesign,implementation,qualityassurance,monitoringandevaluationofpoliciesandprogrammes,inensuringthatsexualandreproductivehealthinformationandservicesmeetpeoplesneedsandrespecttheirhumanrights,includingtheirrighttoaccesstogoodqualityservices;  :::0   (b)bisDevelopcomprehensiveandaccessiblehealthservicesandprogrammes,  b includingsexualandreproductivehealth,forindigenouscommunitieswiththeirfullparticipationthatrespondtotheneedsandreflecttherightsofindigenouspeople;  :::0   (c) ! Increaseinvestmentsdesignedtoimprovethequalityandavailabilityofsexual " andreproductivehealthservices,includingestablishingandmonitoringclearstandardsofcare;ensuringthecompetence,particularlythetechnicalandcommunicationskills,ofserviceproviders;ensuringfree,voluntaryandinformedchoices,respect,privacy,confidentiality,andclientcomfort;establishingfullyfunctioninglogisticalsystems,includingefficientprocurementofnecessarycommodities;andensuringeffectivereferralmechanismsacrossservicesandlevelsofcare,takingcarethatservicesareofferedinconformitywithhumanrightsandwithethicalandprofessionalstandards;  :::0   (d) ! Ensurethatsexualandreproductivehealthprogrammes,freeofanycoercion, @"+ providepre-serviceandin-servicetrainingandsupervisionforalllevelsofhealthcareproviderstoensurethattheymaintainhightechnicalstandards,includingforhygiene;respectthehumanrightsofthepeopletheyserve;areknowledgeableandtrainedtoserveclientswhohavebeensubjectedtoharmfulpractices,suchasfemalegenitalmutilationandsexualviolence;andareabletoprovideaccurateinformationaboutthepreventionandsymptomsofreproductivetractdiseases,aswellasaboutpersonalhygieneandotherfactorsinreproductivetractinfectionsinordertominimizeadversephysicalconsequencessuchaspelvicinflammatorydisease,infertilityandectopicpregnancy,aswellaspsychologicalconsequences;  :::0   (e) ! Promotemensunderstandingoftheirrolesandresponsibilitieswithregardto ^*$6 respectingthehumanrightsofwomen;protectingwomenshealth,includingsupportingtheirpartnersaccesstosexualandreproductivehealthservices;preventingunwantedpregnancy;reducingmaternalmortalityandmorbidity;reducingtransmissionofsexually , '9 transmitteddiseases,includingHIV/AIDS;sharinghouseholdandchildrearingresponsibilities;andpromotingtheeliminationofharmfulpractices,suchasfemalegenitalmutilation,andsexualandothergenderbasedviolence,ensuringthatgirlsandwomenarefreefromcoercionandviolence;  :::0   (f) ! Strengthencommunitybasedservices,socialmarketingandnewpartnerships  n withtheprivatesectorwhileworkingtoensurethatsafety,ethicalandotherrelevantstandardsaremet;andprovidesubsidiesfrompublicresourcesanddonorfunds,asappropriate,toensureavailabilityandaccessforthoseotherwiseunabletoaccessservices.  :::0  40. Governments,withassistancefromtheinternationalcommunity,shoulddevelopand    useindicatorsthatmeasureaccesstoandchoiceoffamilyplanningandcontraceptivemethodsandindicatorsthatmeasuretrendsinmaternalmortalityandmorbidityandHIV/AIDSandusethemtomonitorprogresstowardstheConferencesgoalofuniversalaccesstoreproductivehealthcare.Governmentsshouldstrivetoensurethatby2015allprimaryhealthcareandfamilyplanningfacilitiesareabletoprovide,directlyorthroughreferral,thewidestachievablerangeofsafeandeffectivefamilyplanningandcontraceptivemethods;essentialobstetriccare;preventionandmanagementofreproductivetractinfections,includingsexuallytransmitteddiseases,andbarriermethods(suchasmaleandfemalecondomsandmicrobicidesifavailable)topreventinfection.By2005,60percentofsuchfacilitiesshouldbeabletoofferthisrangeofservices,andby2010,80percentofthemshouldbeabletooffersuchservices.  :::0  41. TheUnitedNationssystemanddonorsshouldsupportGovernmentsinthebuilding 4 ofnationalcapacitytoplan,manage,implement,monitorandevaluatereproductiveandsexualhealthservices,includingensuringthatallrefugeesandallotherpersonsinemergencyhumanitariansituations,particularlywomenandadolescents,receiveappropriatehealthcare,includingsexualandreproductivehealthcareandinformation,andgreaterprotectionfromsexualandgenderbasedviolence.Theyshouldalsoensurethatallhealthworkersinreliefandemergencysituationsaregivenbasictraininginsexualandreproductivehealthcareinformationandservices.  :::0  41bis.IncreasedeffortsareneededbytheUnitedNationssystem,withsupportfromthe   internationalcommunity,todevelopandagreeoncommonkeyindicatorsonreproductivehealthprogrammes,including,interalia,familyplanning,maternalhealth,sexualhealth, R" sexuallytransmitteddiseases,HIV/AIDS,andinformation,educationandcommunicationforappropriateconsiderationintherelevantintergovernmentalprocess.BearinginmindtheeffortsmadebynationalGovernments,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)isinvitedtotaketheleadroleinthisarea,incoordinationwiththeUnitedNationsChildrensFund(UNICEF),theUnitedNationsPopulationFund(UNFPA),theUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP),theJointandCo-sponsoredUnitedNationsProgrammeonHumanImmunodeficiencyVirus/AcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome(UNAIDS),theDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsoftheUnitedNationsSecretariat(DESA),andotherrelevantUnitedNationsentities,drawingonotherexpertiseandknowledgeasappropriate.Indicatorsonmaternalandneonatalmortality,maternalmorbidity,andmaternalhealthprogrammesshouldbegivenaprominentplace,inordertoeffectivelymonitorprogressandensurethatpriorityisgiventoreproductivehealthcareintheprovisionofgeneralhealthservices.Theinternationalcommunityisencouragedtoprovidefinancialandtechnicalassistancetodevelopingcountriestoimprovetheircapacitybuildingonindicators,datacollection,monitoring,andevaluationinthisfield.    +&4 &    S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3     :B.0  EnsuringvoluntaryqualityfamilyplanningservicesS   XůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3         :::0  42. Governments,inaccordancewiththeProgrammeofAction,shouldtakeeffective ^ actiontoensurethebasicrightofallcouplesandindividualstodecidefreelyandresponsibly'  thenumber,spacingandtimingoftheirchildrenandtohavetheinformation,educationandmeanstodoso.  :::0  43. TheUnitedNationssystemanddonorsshould,uponrequest,supportGovernments  " in:  :::0   (a) ! Mobilizingandprovidingsufficientresourcestomeetthegrowingdemandfor    accesstoinformation,counselling,servicesandfollow-uponthewidestpossiblerangeofsafe,effective,affordableandacceptablefamilyplanningandcontraceptivemethods,includingnewoptionsandunderutilizedmethods;  :::0   (b) ! Providingqualitycounsellingservicesandensuringethical,professionaland n  technicalstandardsofcare,aswellasvoluntary,freeandinformedchoicesinanatmosphereofprivacy,confidentialityandrespect;  :::0   (c) ! Strengtheningprogrammemanagementcapacity,includinglogisticalsystems,   tomakeservicessafer,moreaffordableandmoreconvenientandaccessibletoclientsandtoensuretheavailabilityandcontinuoussupplyofsafeandeffectivecontraceptivesandothersexualandreproductivehealthsuppliesand,asappropriate,therawmaterialforthem;  :::0   (d) ! Adequatelystrengtheningsocialsafetynetsusingresourcesandfundsand,in , thecontextofprimaryhealthcare,ensuringtheavailabilityofandaccesstoreproductivehealthservices,includingfamilyplanning,particularlyforpeoplemostaffectedbypoverty,theadverseimpactofstructuraladjustmentpoliciesandfinancialcrises,orotherwiseunabletoaccessservices.  :::0  43bis.Wherethereisagapbetweencontraceptiveuseandtheproportionofindividuals b expressingadesiretospaceorlimittheirfamilies,countriesshouldattempttoclosethisgapbyatleast50percentby2005,75percentby2010and100percentby2050.Inattemptingtoreachthisbenchmark,demographicgoals,whilelegitimatelythesubjectofgovernmentdevelopmentstrategies,shouldnotbeimposedonfamilyplanningprovidersintheformoftargetsorquotasfortherecruitmentofclients.  :::0  44. Governments,withtheincreasedparticipationoftheUnitedNationssystem,civil `& society,donorsandtheprivatesector,areurgedtopursuetheresearchanddevelopmentofnew,safe,lowcostandeffectivefamilyplanningandcontraceptivemethods,forbothmenandwomen,includingfemalecontrolledmethodsthatbothprotectagainstsexuallytransmitteddiseases,includingHIV/AIDS,andpreventunwantedpregnancy.Allactorsmustabidebyinternationallyacceptedethical,technicalandsafetystandardsinallresearchanddevelopmentaswellas,whereappropriate,byapplicablestandardsinmanufacturingpractices,qualitycontrolandproductdesign,productionanddistribution.  :::0  44bis.Theinternationalcommunityandtheprivatesectorshouldalsotakethenecessary %D / measures,particularlyinthetransferoftechnology,asappropriate,toenablecountries,inparticulardevelopingcountries,toproduce,storeanddistributesafeandeffectivecontraceptivesandothersuppliesessentialforreproductivehealthservicesinordertostrengthentheselfrelianceofthosecountries.  :::0  44ter.UNFPAisurgedtocontinuetostrengthenitsleadershiprolewithintheUnited $*z$5 Nationssysteminassistingcountriestotakethestrategicactionnecessarytoensureavailabilityofreproductivehealthservicesandchoiceofreproductivehealthproducts,includingcontraceptives.|,&8 ЇS    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3    xx :C.0  ReducingmaternalmortalityandmorbiditySj  ?!XůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 35         :::0  45. Governments,withtheincreasedparticipationoftheUnitedNationssystem,civil ? society,includingnon-governmentalorganizations,donorsandtheinternationalcommunity,should:  :::0   (a) ! Recognizethelinkagesbetweenhighlevelsofmaternalmortalityandpoverty   andpromotethereductionofmaternalmortalityandmorbidityasapublichealthpriorityandreproductiverightsconcern;  :::0   (b) ! Ensurethatthereductionofmaternalmorbidityandmortalityisahealthsector 5   priorityandthatwomenhavereadyaccesstoessentialobstetriccare,wellequippedandadequatelystaffedmaternalhealthcareservices,skilledattendanceatdelivery,emergencyobstetriccare,effectivereferralandtransporttohigherlevelsofcarewhennecessary,postpartumcareandfamilyplanning.Inhealthsectorreform,thereductionofmaternalmortalityandmorbidityshouldbeprominentandusedasanindicatorforthesuccessofsuchreform;  :::0   (c) ! Supportpublichealtheducationtocreateawarenessoftherisksofpregnancy, 3  labouranddeliveryandtoincreasetheunderstandingoftherespectiverolesandresponsibilitiesoffamilymembers,includingmen,aswellasofcivilsocietyandGovernments,inpromotingandprotectingmaternalhealth;  :::0   (d) ! Developappropriateinterventions,beginningatbirth,toimprovethenutritional,  healthandeducationalstatusofgirlsandyoungwomensothattheyarebetterabletomakeinformedchoicesatmaturityaboutchildbearingandobtainaccesstohealthinformationandservices;  :::0   (d)bisImplementprogrammestoaddressthenegativeimpactofenvironmental e degradation,insomeregions,onthehighlevelsofmaternalmortalityandmorbidity;  :::0   j O#  *      (e) ! Recognizeanddealwiththehealthimpactofunsafeabortionasamajorpublic C  healthconcernbyreducingthenumberofunwantedpregnanciesthroughtheprovisionoffamilyplanningcounselling,informationandservices,byensuringthathealthservicesareabletomanagethecomplicationsofunsafeabortionandbyfollowingtherecommendationsofparagraph8.25oftheProgrammeofAction.Anymeasuresorchangesrelatedtoabortionwithinthehealthcaresystemcanbedeterminedonlyatthenationalorlocallevelinaccordancewiththenationallegislativeprocess.Incircumstanceswhereitisnotagainstthelaw,abortionshouldbesafe.Innocaseshouldabortionbepromotedasamethodoffamilyplanning.  :::0  46. InordertomonitorprogresstowardstheachievementoftheConferencesgoalsfor C"* maternalmortality,countriesshouldusetheproportionofbirthsassistedbyskilledattendantsasabenchmarkindicator.By2005,wherethematernalmortalityrateisveryhigh,atleast40percentofallbirthsshouldbeassistedbyskilledattendants;by2010thisfigureshouldbeatleast50percentandby2015,atleast60percent.Allcountriesshouldcontinuetheireffortssothatglobally,by2005,80percentofallbirthsshouldbeassistedbyskilledattendants,by2010,85percent,andby2015,90percent.  :::0  46bis.Inordertohaveabasisforcostbenefitanalysisforinterventionsaimedatreducing  (_"2 maternalmortality,thesocietalcostsofmaternaldeathsshouldbecalculated.ThisshouldbedoneincooperationamongGovernments,UnitedNationsagenciesanddevelopmentbanks,andtheresearchcommunity.   *B%6 :::0  46ter.TheWorldHealthOrganizationincooperationwithotherrelevantUnitedNations  bodiesisurgedtofulfilitsleadershiprolewithintheUnitedNationssysteminassistingcountries,inparticulardevelopingcountries,toputinplacestandardsforthecareandtreatmentforwomenandgirlsthatincorporategendersensitiveapproachesandpromotegenderequalityandequityinhealthcaredeliveryandtoadviseonfunctionsthathealthfacilitiesshouldperformtohelpguidethedevelopmentofhealthsystemstoreducetherisksassociatedwithpregnancy,takingintoconsiderationthelevelofdevelopmentandtheeconomicandsocialconditionsofcountries.Atthesametime,UnitedNationsagencies,includingtheUnitedNationsPopulationFundandtheUnitedNationsChildrensFund,andmultilateraldevelopmentbanks,suchastheWorldBank,shouldintensifytheirroleinpromoting,supporting,advocatingforandinvestinginactiontoimprovematernalhealth.  S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3    xx :D.0  Preventionandtreatmentofsexuallytransmitteddisease,including   humanimmunodeficiencyvirus/acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndromeS7,as y8XůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3          :::0  47. Governments,fromthehighestpoliticallevels,shouldtakeurgentactiontoprovide <  educationandservicestopreventthetransmissionofallformsofsexuallytransmitteddiseasesandHIVand,withtheassistance,whereappropriate,ofUNAIDS,developandimplementnationalHIV/AIDSpoliciesandactionplans,ensureandpromoterespectforthehumanrightsanddignityofpersonslivingwithHIV/AIDS,improvecareandsupportforpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS,includingsupportservicesforhomebasedcare,andtakestepstomitigatetheimpactoftheAIDSepidemicbymobilizingallsectorsandsegmentsofsocietytoaddressthesocialandeconomicfactorscontributingtoHIVriskandvulnerability.Governmentsshouldenactlegislationandadoptmeasurestoensurenon-discriminationagainstpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDSandvulnerablepopulations,includingwomenandyoungpeople,sothattheyarenotdeniedtheinformationneededtopreventfurthertransmissionandareabletoaccesstreatmentandcareserviceswithoutfearofstigmatization,discriminationorviolence.  :::0  48. Governmentsshouldensurethatpreventionofandservicesforsexuallytransmitted   diseasesandHIV/AIDSareanintegralcomponentofreproductiveandsexualhealthprogrammesattheprimaryhealthcarelevel.Gender,agebasedandotherdifferencesinvulnerabilitytoHIVinfectionshouldbeaddressedinpreventionandeducationprogrammesandservices.GovernmentsshoulddevelopguidelinesforHIVtreatmentandcare,emphasizingequitableaccess,andforwideprovisionofandaccesstovoluntaryHIVtestingandcounsellingservices,andshouldensurewideprovisionofandaccesstofemaleandmalecondoms,includingthroughsocialmarketing.Advocacyandinformation,educationandcommunicationcampaignsdevelopedwithcommunitiesandsupportedfromthehighestlevelsofGovernmentshouldpromoteinformed,responsibleandsafersexualbehaviourandpractices,mutualrespectandgenderequityinsexualrelationships.Specialattentionneedstobegiventopreventingsexualexploitationofyoungwomenandchildren.GiventheenhancedsusceptibilitytoHIV/AIDSofindividualsinfectedbyconventionalandtreatablesexuallytransmitteddiseasesandthehighprevalenceofsuchdiseasesamongyoungpeople,prioritymustbegiventotheprevention,detection,diagnosisandtreatmentofsuchinfections.Governmentsshouldimmediatelydevelop,infullpartnershipwithyouth,parents,families,educatorsandhealthcareproviders,youthspecificHIVeducationandtreatmentprojects,withspecialemphasisondevelopingpeereducationprogrammes.  :::0  49. WhileoneofthemostimportantinterventionstoreduceHIVinfectionsininfantsis +f%3 primarypreventionofinfection,Governmentsshouldalsoscaleup,whereappropriate,educationandtreatmentprojectsaimedatpreventingmothertochildtransmissionofHIV. ,&5 Anti-retroviraldrugs,wherefeasible,shouldbemadeavailabletowomenlivingwithHIV/AIDSduringandafterpregnancyaspartoftheirongoingtreatmentofHIV/AIDSandprovideinfantfeedingcounsellingformotherslivingwithHIV/AIDSsothattheycanmakefreeandinformeddecisions.  :::0  50. Governments,withassistancefromUNAIDSanddonors,should,by2005,ensurethat  n atleast90percent,andby2010atleast95percent,ofyoungmenandwomenaged15to24haveaccesstotheinformation,educationandservicesnecessarytodevelopthelifeskillsrequiredtoreducetheirvulnerabilitytoHIVinfection.Servicesshouldincludeaccesstopreventivemethodssuchasfemaleandmalecondoms,voluntarytesting,counsellingandfollow-up.Governmentsshoulduse,asabenchmarkindicator,HIVinfectionratesinpersons15to24yearsofage,withthegoalofensuringthatby2005prevalenceinthisagegroupisreducedglobally,andby25percentinthemostaffectedcountries,andthatby2010prevalenceinthisagegroupisreducedgloballyby25percent.  :::0  51. Theprivateandpublicsectorsshouldincreaseinvestmentsinresearchonthe n  developmentofmicrobicidesandotherfemalecontrolledmethods,simplerandlessexpensivediagnostictests,singledosetreatmentsforsexuallytransmitteddiseasesandvaccines.Governments,inparticularofdevelopingcountries,withthesupportoftheinternationalcommunity,shouldstrengthenmeasurestogenerallyimprovethequality,availabilityandaffordabilityofcareofpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS.  :::0  l O#  *      51bis.UNAIDSshouldbeurgedtodotheutmosttoensureawellcoordinatedresponse l fromtheUnitedNationssystemtotheHIV/AIDSpandemicandtoprovidesupporttonationalprogrammes,asappropriate.  S    `-/-/`XůX-/#Vid  3     :E.0  Promotingadolescentssexualandreproductivehealth[and (~ reproductiverights]S5O,as  PXůXXXůXůXXXů-/XXů#idV 3 `         :::0  52. Governments,withthefullinvolvementofyoungpeopleandwiththesupportofthe   internationalcommunity,should,asapriority,makeeveryefforttoimplementtheProgrammeofActioninregardtoadolescentsexualandreproductivehealth,inaccordancewithparagraphs7.45and7.46oftheProgrammeofAction,andshould:  :::0   (a) ! Inordertopromotetothefullestextenttherightofadolescentstohealth,provide ,% specificanduserfriendlyreproductiveandsexualservices,includinginformationandcounselling.Theseservicesshouldsafeguardtherightsofadolescentstoprivacy,confidentialityandinformedconsent,respectingculturalvaluesandreligiousbeliefs;  :::0   (b) ! Continuetoadvocatefortheprotectionandpromotionofandsupportfor "* programmesforadolescenthealth,includingsexualandreproductivehealth;identifyeffectiveandappropriatestrategiestoachievethisgoal;anddevelopgenderandagebasedindicatorsanddatasystemstomonitorprogress;  :::0   (c) ! Developatnationalandotherlevels,asappropriate,actionplansforadolescents &^ / andyouth,basedongenderequityandequality,thatcovereducation,professionalandvocationaltrainingandincomegeneratingopportunities.Suchprogrammesshouldincludesupportmechanismsfortheeducationandcounsellingofadolescentsintheareasofgenderrelationsandequality,violenceagainstadolescents,responsiblesexualbehaviour,responsiblefamilyplanningpractices,familylife,reproductivehealth,sexuallytransmitteddiseases,HIVinfectionandAIDSprevention(ProgrammeofAction,para.7.47). *%5 Adolescentsandyouththemselvesshouldbefullyinvolvedinthedesignandimplementationofsuchinformationandservices,withproperregardforparentalguidanceandresponsibilities.Specialattentionshouldbedevotedtovulnerableanddisadvantagedyouth;  :::0   (d) ! Acknowledgeandpromotethecentralroleoffamilies,parentsandotherlegal P guardiansineducatingtheirchildrenandshapingtheirattitudes,andensurethatparentsandpersonswithlegalresponsibilitiesareeducatedaboutandinvolvedinprovidingsexualandreproductivehealthinformation,inamannerconsistentwiththeevolvingcapacitiesofadolescents,sothattheycanfulfiltheirrightsandresponsibilitiestowardsadolescents;  :::0   n O#  *      (e) ! Withduerespectfortherights,dutiesandresponsibilitiesofparents,ensure    thatadolescents,bothinandoutofschool,receivethenecessaryinformation,education,counsellingandhealthservicestoenablethemtomakeinformedchoicesanddecisionsregardingtheirsexualandreproductivehealth.Sexuallyactiveadolescentswillrequirespecialfamilyplanninginformation,counsellingandservices,andthosewhobecomepregnantwillrequirespecialsupportfromtheirfamiliesandcommunitiesduringpregnancyandearlychildcare(ProgrammeofAction,para.7.47).Teachers,parents,peereducatorsandhealthcareprovidersshouldreceiveadequateinformationandtraininginthisarea;  :::0   *(f) ! Governments,should,whereappropriate,removelegal,regulatoryandsocial j  barrierstosexualandreproductivehealthinformationandservicesforadolescentsandensurethattheattitudesofhealthandotherserviceprovidersdonotrestricttheaccessofyoungpeopletoneededservicesandinformation,includingforthepreventionandtreatmentofsexuallytransmitteddiseasesandHIV.  :::0  *53. OnrequestfromGovernments,theUnitedNationssystemanddonorcountriesshould J givehigherprioritytoandincreaseresourceallocationforthepromotionandprotectionofadolescenthealth,includingsexualandreproductivehealth.  :::0  54. Governments,inconsultationwithnationalnon-governmentalorganizations,including F youthorganizationswhereapplicable,andwiththerequiredassistanceoftheUnitedNationsagencies,internationalnon-governmentalorganizationsandthedonorcommunity,shouldevaluateprogrammesanddocumentexperiencesanddevelopdatacollectionsystemstomonitorprogress,andwidelydisseminateinformationaboutthedesignandfunctioningofprogrammesandtheirimpactonyoungpeoplessexualandreproductivehealth.UnitedNationsagenciesanddonorcountriesshouldsupportregionalandinternationalmechanismsforsharingthoseexperiencesamongallcountries,especiallyamongdevelopingcountries.  :::0  *55. Atleast20percentofresourcesforreproductivehealthprogrammesshouldbe ~ & earmarkedtoprovidetheinformationneedsofandservicesforadolescents.  #-/-/<#  \") -/-/hU     `-/-/`:-/#Sid  3    XX :V.0  PartnershipsandcollaborationshU g h#idS 3::::-/:         0 : 0::56. Governmentsareencouraged,indialoguewithnongovernmentalorganizationsand t localcommunitygroups,andinfullrespectfortheirautonomy,tofacilitate,asappropriate,theinvolvementofcivilsocietyatthenationallevelinpolicydiscussionsandintheformulation,implementation,monitoringandevaluationofstrategiesandprogrammestoachieveProgrammeofActionobjectives.PartnershipsbetweenGovernmentsandmultilateralanddonoragenciesandcivilsocietyneedtobebased,asappropriate,ondeliveringagreedoutcomesthatbringbenefitstopoorpeopleshealth,includingreproductiveandsexualhealth.  0 : 0::57. Governments,whereappropriate,shouldincluderepresentativesofnongovernmental X  organizationsandlocalcommunitygroupsincountrydelegationstoregionalandinternationalforumswhereissuesrelatedtopopulationanddevelopmentarediscussed.  0 : 0::58. Governments,civilsocietyatthenationallevelandtheUnitedNationssystemshould   worktowardsenhancingandstrengtheningtheircollaborationandcooperationwithaviewtofosteringanenablingenvironmentforpartnershipsfortheimplementationoftheProgrammeofAction.Governmentsandcivilsocietyorganizationsshoulddevelopsystemsforgreatertransparencyandinformationsharingsoastoimprovetheiraccountability.  0 : 0::58bis.Governmentsareencouragedtorecognizeandsupporttheimportantand 4 complementaryrolethatcivilsocietyatthenationallevelcanplaytowardschangingattitudesandactionsforfurtherimplementationoftheProgrammeofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment.  0 : 0::58ter.Governmentsarefurtherencouragedtorecognizeandsupporttheimportantand L complementaryrolethatcivilsocietyatthenationallevelcanplayinhelpingcommunitiestoarticulateandmeettheirneedsforhealthcare,includingreproductivehealthcare.  0 : 0::59. Governmentsandinternationalorganizationsshouldcreateandsupportmechanisms H tobuildandsustainpartnershipswithcommunitybasedorganizationsandnongovernmentalorganizationscommittedtoassistingwomentoestablishandrealizetheirrights,includingthosethatrelatetoreproductiveandsexualhealth,aswellasotherrelevantorganizations,theresearchcommunityandprofessionalorganizations.Governments,civilsocietyatthenationallevelandtheinternationalcommunityshouldtogetherfocusonhumanresourcesdevelopmentandonbuildingandstrengtheningnationalcapacitytoimplementsustainablepopulationandreproductivehealthprogrammes.  0 : 0::60. Governmentsandcivilsocietyorganizations,whereappropriate,areencouragedto !( designinnovativeapproachesandbuildpartnershipswith,amongothers,themedia,thecommercialsector,religiousleaders,localcommunitygroupsandleadersaswellasyouth,whichcanserveaseffectiveadvocatesfortheachievementofthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofAction.  0 : 0::61. Withreferencetoparagraph15.10oftheProgrammeofAction,Governments, % . internationalorganizationsanddonorsareencouragedtoprovide,inaccordancewithnationallawsandregulationsandnationaldevelopmentpriorities,adequatefinancialandtechnicalresourcesandinformationtobuildthehumanresources,institutionalcapacityandsustainabilityofcivilsocietyorganizations,particularlywomensandyouthgroups,inamannernotcompromisingtheirfullautonomy,tofacilitatetheiractiveinvolvementintheresearch,design,implementation,monitoringandevaluationofnationalpopulationanddevelopmentpolicies,programmesandactivities.LikeGovernments,civilsocietyorganizationsshouldalsoputinplacetransparencyandaccountabilitymechanismstoensurethatprogrammeimplementationisdirectlytargetedto,andfundsareusedeffectivelyfor, ,'7 nationalpopulationanddevelopmentprogrammesaswellasactivities,servicesandevaluationprocedures.  0 : 0::62. Governments,internationalorganizationsandcivilsocietyorganizationsatthenational  level,includingnongovernmentalorganizations,shouldencouragepartnershipswiththeprivateand,whereappropriate,theinformalsectortostrengthentheirengagementandcollaborationintheimplementationoftheProgrammeofAction.TheprivatesectormayassisttheeffortsofGovernments,butitcannotsubstitutefortheGovernmentsresponsibilitytoensureandprovidequality,full,safe,accessible,affordableandconvenienthealthservices,includingreproductivehealth,familyplanningandsexualhealthservices.Governmentsareencouragedtoreviewrelevantnationallaws,standardsandregulations,asappropriate,tofacilitateprivatesectorinvolvementandtoseektoensurethatallhealthcareproductsandservices,includingreproductivehealthproductsandservices,meetinternationallyacceptedstandards.  0 : 0::62bis.ImplementationofkeyelementsoftheProgrammeofActionoftheInternational n  ConferenceonPopulationandDevelopmentmustbetiedcloselytoabroaderstrengtheningofhealthsystems.Thepublicsectorplaysanimportantroleinthisregardandshouldbeencouragedtodefineitsroleandtoworkmorecloselywiththeprivateandinformalsectorstomonitorandimprovestandardsandtoensurethatservicesareavailableandthattheirdeliveryisofgoodqualityandaffordable.  0 : 0::62ter.Recognizingitsincreasingroleinprovidingreproductivehealthinformation, l education,servicesandcommodities,theprivatesectorshouldensurethatitsservicesandcommoditiesareofhighqualityandmeetinternationallyacceptedstandards;thatitsactivitiesareconductedinasociallyresponsible,culturallysensitive,acceptableandcosteffectivemanner;thatitfullyrespectsvariousreligions,ethicalvaluesandculturalbackgroundsofeachcountryspeople;thatitadherestobasicrightsrecognizedbytheinternationalcommunityandrecalledintheProgrammeofAction.  0 : 0::63. Parliamentarians/membersofnationallegislaturesareinvitedtoensurelegislative 2 reformandexpandedawarenessraisingnecessaryforimplementingtheProgrammeofAction.TheyareencouragedtobeadvocatesfortheimplementationoftheProgrammeofAction,includingthroughtheallocation,asappropriate,offinancialresources.Thereshouldberegularexchangesofexperiencesamongparliamentariansatthesubregional,regional,interregionalandinternationallevels,whereappropriate.  0 : 0::64. Externalfundingandsupport,fromdonorcountriesaswellastheprivatesector,should 0 % beprovidedtopromoteandsustainthefullpotentialofSouthSouthcooperation,includingtheSouthSouthinitiative:PartnersinPopulationandDevelopment,inordertobolsterthesharingofrelevantexperiences,andthemobilizationoftechnicalexpertiseandotherresourcesamongdevelopingcountries.Updatedinformationoninstitutionsandexpertiseavailablewithindevelopingcountriesintheareaofpopulationanddevelopment,includingreproductivehealth,shouldbecompiledanddisseminated.  0 : 0::65. AllrelevantbodiesandentitiesoftheUnitedNationssystemshouldcontinuetoclarify %L - withinexistingmechanismstheirspecificleadershiprolesandresponsibilitiesandcontinuetostrengthentheireffortstopromotesystemwidecoordinationandcollaboration,especiallyatthecountrylevel.TheintergovernmentalworkoftheCommissiononPopulationandDevelopmentshouldbereinforced,asshouldalsotheinteragencycoordinationroleofUNFPA,inthefieldofpopulationandreproductivehealth.  0 : 0::65bis.Governments,civilsocietyorganizationsatthenationallevelandtheUnitedNations *J%4 systemareurgedtoconsultyouthorganizationsinthedesign,implementationandevaluationofpoliciesandprogrammesforyouth. ,&6 & Z hU     `-/-/`:-/#Sid  3     :VI.0  MobilizingresourceshU Í #idS 3::::-/:         0 : 0::66. IncreasedpoliticalwillfromallGovernmentsandreaffirmationofthecommitment t formobilizationoftheinternationalassistanceaswasagreedatCairoareurgentlyneeded'ZtoacceleratetheimplementationoftheProgrammeofActionwhich,inturn,willcontributetotheadvancementofthebroadpopulationanddevelopmentagenda.  0 : 0::67. Alldevelopedcountriesareurgedtostrengthentheircommitmenttothegoalsand  8 objectivesoftheProgrammeofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment,inparticularitscostestimates,andtomakeeveryefforttomobilizetheagreedestimatedfinancialresourcesrequiredforitsimplementation,andinsodoingtheneedsofleastdevelopedcountriesshouldreceivepriority.  0 : 0::68. Alldevelopingcountriesandcountrieswitheconomiesintransitionareurgedto n  strengthentheircommitmenttothegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment,inparticularitscostestimates,andtocontinuetomakeeffortstomobilizedomesticresources.DevelopinganddevelopedcountriesandcountrieswitheconomiesintransitionareurgedtopromoteinternationalcooperationandtoincreasetechnicalcooperationandtransferoftechnologythroughSouthSouthcooperation,inordertofullyimplementtheProgrammeofAction.  0 : 0::68bis.Donorcountriesandinternationalfundingagenciesareurgedtosupporttheinclusion 4 ofSouthSouthcomponentsindevelopmentcooperationprogrammesandprojectssoastopromotecosteffectivenessandsustainability.  0 : 0::69. TranslationofcommitmenttothegoalsoftheConferenceintocommensuratelevels  ofdonorfundinghasnotbeenforthcoming,andthereisanurgentneedfordonorcountriestorenewandintensifyeffortstomeettheneedforcomplementaryexternalresourcesrequiredtoimplementthecostedelementsoftheProgrammeofAction,thatis:(in1993UnitedStatesdollars)$5.7billionin2000,$6.1billionin2005,$6.8billionin2010and$7.2billionin2015.DonorcountriesarealsourgedtoincreasesignificantlyofficialdevelopmentassistancefundingforotherelementsoftheProgrammeofActionascontainedinchapter13,inparticular,improvementinthestatusandempowermentofwomen,basichealthcareandeducation,emergingandcontinuedhealthchallenges,suchasmalariaandotherdiseasesidentifiedbyWHOashavingmajorimpactonhealth,includingthosehavingthehighestmortalityandmorbidityrates;andtointensifyeffortstohelpcountrieseradicatepoverty.Donorcountriesarethereforeurgedtotakethenecessaryactiontoreversethecurrentdeclineinoverallofficialdevelopmentassistanceandshouldstrivetofulfiltheagreedtargetof0.7percentofgrossnationalproductforoverallofficialdevelopmentassistanceassoonaspossible.  0 : 0::70. Withfullregardtotheirrespectivejurisdictionandmandates,legislatorsandother #* decisionmakersareencouragedtoundertakemeasurestoincreasesupportforachievingthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofActionthroughlegislation,advocacyandexpandedawarenessraisingandresourcemobilization.Advocacyeffortsshouldbeincreasedatalllevels,bothnationalandinternational,toensurethattheresourcegoalsaremet.  0 : 0::71. SincetheHIV/AIDSpandemicishavingamoresevereimpactthanwasoriginally ("1 projected,specialattentionshouldbegiventoprovidingpromptlythenecessaryresourcesashasbeencalledforintheProgrammeofActionforthepreventionofsexuallytransmitteddiseasesandHIV.Particularattentionshouldbegiventovulnerablepopulations,especiallychildrenandyoungpeople.Allcountriesaffectedbythepandemicmustcontinuetomakeeffortstomobilizedomesticresourcesfromallsourcesinordertocombatit.The p,&6 internationalcommunityiscalledupontoassistdevelopingcountriesandcountrieswitheconomiesintransitionintheirefforts.Additionally,GovernmentsandthedonorcommunityshouldintensifyeffortstoprovideresourcesforcareandsupportofthoseaffectedbyHIV/AIDSandforspecializedpreventionneeds.  0 : 0::72. Theinternationalcommunityshouldprovidethenecessaryfinancialandtechnical  n assistancetosupportdevelopingcountriesandcountrieswitheconomiesintransitioncommittedtoimplementingthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofAction.SpecialattentionshouldbepaidtotheneedsofAfricaandleastdevelopedcountries,countriesfacingorsufferingfromemergencyhumanitariansituationsandfinancialandeconomiccrises,andthosedevelopingcountriessufferingfromlowcommodityprices,aswellascountriesfacinglongtermandlargescaleenvironmentalproblems.  0 : 0::72bis.Donorcountriesandinternationalfundingagencies,includingtheWorldBankand 4  theregionaldevelopmentbanks,areurgedtocomplement,attherequestofcountries,thedomesticeffortsmadetomeetthegrowingandurgentbasichealthandreproductivehealthneeds,includingreproductivehealthcommodities,ofthedevelopingandtheleastdevelopedcountries,countriesfacingincreasingdemandsforsuchcommoditiesandadiminishingshareofinternationalassistance,andcountrieswitheconomiesintransition.  0 : 0::73. Governmentsandtheinternationalcommunityshouldencourageandpromote 2 additionalwaysandmechanismstoincreasefundingforpopulationanddevelopmentprogrammes,includingsexualandreproductivehealthprogrammes,inordertoensuretheirsustainability.Thesecouldinclude,asappropriate:(a)advocacyforincreasedfundingfrominternationalfinancialinstitutionsandregionaldevelopmentbanks;(b)selectiveuseofuserfees,socialmarketing,costsharingandotherformsofcostrecovery;and(c)anincreasedinvolvementoftheprivatesector.Thesemodalitiesshouldfacilitateaccesstoservicesandshouldbeaccompaniedbyadequatesocialsafetynetmeasurestopromoteaccesstoservicesbythoselivinginpovertyandothermembersofvulnerablegroups.Considerationshouldalsobegiventomoreefficientandcoordinatedmechanismstoaddressthedebtproblem,includingthereductionoftheburdenofexternaldebtthroughvariousmeasuressuchasdebtcancellationanddebtswapsforpopulation,healthandothersocialsectorinvestmenttopromotesustainabledevelopment.  0 : 0::74. Governmentsofrecipientcountriesareencouragedtoensurethatpublicresources, R" subsidiesandassistancereceivedfrominternationaldonorsfortheimplementationofthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofActionareinvestedtomaximizebenefitstothepoorandothervulnerablepopulationgroups,includingthosewhosufferfromdisproportionatereproductiveillhealth.  0 : 0::75. Utilizingexistingcoordinatedmechanismsatthenationallevel,asappropriate,donor "( countries,internationalagenciesandrecipientcountriesshouldcontinuetostrengthentheireffortsandtheircollaboration,soastoavoidduplication,identifyfundinggapsandensurethatresourcesareusedaseffectivelyandefficientlyaspossible.  0 : 0::76. Governments,incooperationwithUNFPAasappropriate,shouldseektoensurefull %L - andregularmonitoringofresourceflows,payingparticularattentiontotransparencyandaccountabilityforthecostedpopulationandreproductivehealthpackageincludedintheProgrammeofAction.Nongovernmentalorganizationsmayprovidethenecessaryinformation,asappropriate,inthisregard.  0 : 0::77. Countries,especiallydevelopedcountries,areurgedtosubstantiallyincreasetheir ,*$3 voluntarycontributiontoUNFPA,aswellastootherrelevantUnitedNationsprogrammes andspecializedagencies,sothattheywillbeinabetterpositiontoassistcountriestofurther +&5 implementthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgrammeofAction,includingreproductivehealthprogrammes.   0 : 0::78. Governmentsofdevelopedanddevelopingcountriesareencouragedtogivethorough  considerationtotheimplementationofthe20/20initiative,avoluntarycompactbetweeninteresteddonorandrecipientcountries,whichcanprovideincreasedresourcesforbroaderpovertyeradicationobjectives,includingpopulationandsocialsectorobjectives.  0 : 0::79. Governmentsshouldimplementpoliciesthatfacilitateincreasedaccesstobasichealth  L services,includinghighqualityandaffordablereproductivehealthandfamilyplanningservices;promoteeffectiveinterventionsandsupportservices,includingprivatesectorservices,asappropriate;setstandardsforservicedelivery;andreviewlegal,regulatoryandimportpoliciestoidentifyandeliminatethosepoliciesthatunnecessarilyrestrictorpreventthegreaterinvolvementoftheprivatesector.Publicsectorresourcesandsubsidiesshouldhaveasaprioritypeoplelivinginpoverty,underservedpopulationsandlowincomesectorsofthepopulation.  A&T) dE(A#-/-/g#