Figure II. conceptualization of the Rural Woman's Life Conditions

Gender Population
++++Discriminations Early age at marriage ++++
++++ Lack of access to resources High fertility ++
++++ Subordination High maternal mortality ++
++++ Overwork Low contraception ++++
++++ Under-remuneration High participation in paid employment - - - -
++++ Poor-literacy High use of health facilities - - - -
++++ Low social status Life expectancy ++ a
- - - - Human/Women's right
++++ Widowhood/divorce dependency
++++ Female genital mutilation
++++ Poverty
++++ Poor nutrition
++++ Environmental degradation

Note

Compared to urban men, urban women, rural men ++++ or - - - - indicates worst position, ++ means worse than the urban counterpart

a/ the only factor in which she is better than men but still worse than the urban counterpart.