As
part of his "quiet revolution" to renew the United Nations for the twenty-first
century, Secretary-General Kofi Annan is building a stronger relationship
with the business community. "Thriving markets and human security go hand
in hand; without one, we will not have the other," he told corporate leaders
at the World Economic Forum. In what ways are business and the UN working
together? Consider these facts:
A
STABILIZING FORCE IN THE WORLD ECONOMY
As
national economies become more and more interdependent through information,
trade, investment and financial ties, the UN is helping to fill a growing
need for international cooperation and regulatory consistency to spread
the benefits of globalization and to avoid chaos and backlash.
*
The
UN provides the "soft infrastructure" for the global economy. It sets
technical standards and norms in such diverse areas as statistics, trade
laws, customs procedures, intellectual property, aviation, shipping and
telecommunications, thus facilitating economic activity and reducing transaction
costs.
*The UN prepares the ground for investment in emerging economies, by promoting
political stability and good governance, battling corruption and human
rights abuses, urging sound economic policies and business-friendly legislation,
and working to improve health, education and social well-being.
*The UN addresses the down side of globalization, by fighting transnational
crime, the traffic in drugs, arms and people, and other "problems without
passports". Much of its operational work in over 170 countries is aimed
at combating poverty. These efforts reduce tensions, prevent backlash
and help build future markets.
*The UN is working to solve global environmental problems, omething which
free markets, left to themselves, cannot do. As an international forum
for building consensus and negotiating agreements, the UN is tackling
transboundary problems like climate change, ozone depletion, toxic waste,
loss of forests and species, and air and water pollution. Unless these
problems are addressed, markets and economies will not be sustainable
in the long term -- for they are depleting the natural "capital" on which
growth, and human survival, are based.
*UN values are the cornerstone of an interdependent world. Globalizing
markets rely on contractual and trust-based relationships built on shared
values. Since its inception, the UN's primary mission has been to advocate
universal values: freedom, justice and the peaceful resolution of disputes;
social progress and better standards of living; equality, tolerance and
dignity. The global acceptance and spread of these values is paving the
way for markets to expand and take root.
* The Global Compact. At the 1999 World Economic Forum in Davos, Secretary-General
Kofi Annan challenged the business community -- individually through companies,
and collectively through business associations -- to enter into a Global
Compact to embrace and enact a set of core values in the areas of human
rights, labour standards and environmental practices. The International
Chamber of Commerce, representing 7,000 business organizations in 137
countries, responded in a joint statement at a July 1999 meeting with
the Secretary-General that the private sector had taken up his challenge
to support core values. The ICC called for the UN -- rather than trade
sanctions imposed by the multilateral trading system -- to play a central
role in setting rules to benefit workers and the environment.
WIN-WIN
SOLUTIONS
*The UN is looking to its business partners to assist with the biggest
economic challenge -- and opportunity -- facing the international community:
fostering worldwide sustainable growth. More specifically, the UN recognizes
that the private sector must be a key player in integrating the developing
world into the global economy in order to raise living standards and reduce
poverty.
*A joint statement issued in 1998 by the UN Secretary-General and the
International Chamber of Commerce stressed the UN's role in setting the
regulatory framework for the global marketplace in order to facilitate
cross-border trade and investment. Among the business leaders present
were executives from Alcatel Alsthom, Anglo Gold, BAT Industries, Bata,
Coca-Cola, EdperBrascan, Goldman Sachs, Henkel, Koç Holding, McDonald's
Worldwide, Reemtsma, Rio Tinto, Unilever and US West.
* As agreed with the UN Secretary-General, the UN Conference on Trade
and Development (UNCTAD) and the ICC have begun preparing business investment
guides to the 48 least developed countries to make opportunities in those
regions known and boost private capital flows. As a pilot case, some 30
companies are providing expertise in promoting investment to six countries.
The least developed countries currently attract less than 1 per cent of
total foreign investment.
* As a place where business can make its voice heard and engage in dialogue
with policy-makers and other stakeholders from all countries, the UN is
helping to bring the private sector to the table to solve global problems
as partners rather than adversaries.
* The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) launched in March 1999 guidelines
for voluntary environmental reporting by businesses. Over 20 corporations
from around the world agreed to serve as pilot tests.
* Business leaders meet each year at the UN Commission on Sustainable
Development for a dialogue with environment groups, local government officials
and trade unions to seek solutions on such issues as making industry more
environmentally responsible, and sustainable tourism, agriculture and
energy.
* Increasingly, UN agencies are cooperating with businesses on a large
scale, with mutual benefits:
Promoting
investment: The UN Development Programme (UNDP) assists emerging
markets in attracting private capital, while finding new ways to use private
finance to meet social and environmental goals. The "Money Matters: Private
Finance for Development" project so far has six global corporate co-sponsors,
including Fidelity Investments, Banque Nationale de Paris and State Street
Bank. ** The UN Industrial Development Organization, acting as a broker
between technology suppliers and developing countries, has brought over
a billion dollars worth of investment and clean technologies to more than
80 countries in the last four years.
Expanding
markets and boosting employment: "WorldNet", created by the International
Telecommunication Union as part of the UN's plans to lay up to 50 million
telephone lines in developing countries over the next decade, is helping
emerging economies to build internal markets and infrastructure and to
link to Internet commerce. ** The Food and Agriculture Organization of
the UN assists entrepreneurs who sell farm machinery, tools and supplies
in several developing countries by providing training and facilitating
contacts with suppliers and sources of credit. ** The UN Population Fund
brokers negotiations between contraceptive manufacturers and marketing
experts with government and donor agencies in India, Indonesia, Thailand,
Egypt, Ghana and South Africa.
Sharing
know-how: When the UN High Commissioner for Refugees said it urgently
needed a computerized registration system that could generate photo ID
cards for Kosovo refugees, Microsoft joined with Compaq, Hewlett-Packard
and the European ID specialists Securit and Screencheck to design and
donate a system. ** Emergency aid to millions of people is being delivered
faster and fresher by the World Food Programme thanks to new bagging and
handling technologies from the private sector. ** Information technology
companies are contributing technical assistance to an automated customs
system developed by UNCTAD, which has already improved trade efficiency
in over 70 developing countries by several hundred million dollars. **
The UN Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention has set up drug-abuse
prevention workshops for workers and their families in Brazil and Europe,
funded largely by employers, who save on health costs.
Advocacy
support: To raise awareness about poverty worldwide and generate
financial support, UNDP is working with Internet giant Cisco Systems to
stage "Net Aid"-- a global rock concert to be broadcast simultaneously
on the Internet from stages at Giant's Stadium in New Jersey, Wembley
Stadium in London and the Geneva Opera House. ** The Italian fashion giant
Bennetton added style to a campaign promoting the fiftieth anniversary
of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1998.