RULES GOVERNING THE DETENTION OF PERSONS AWAITING TRIAL OR APPEAL BEFORE THE TRIBUNAL OR OTHERWISE DETAINED ON THE AUTHORITY OF THE TRIBUNAL
("RULES OF DETENTION")

(ADOPTED ON 5 MAY 1994)
(AS AMENDED ON 16 MARCH 1995)
(AS REVISED ON 14 JULY 1995)

 (IT/38/REV.4)

CONTENTS

RULES GOVERNING THE DETENTION OF PERSONS AWAITING TRIAL OR APPEAL BEFORE THE TRIBUNAL OR OTHERWISE DETAINED ON THE AUTHORITY OF THE TRIBUNAL
("RULES OF DETENTION")

(ADOPTED ON 5 MAY 1994)
(AS AMENDED ON 16 MARCH 1995)
(AS REVISED ON 14 JULY 1995)

The purpose of these Rules of Detention is to govern the administration of the detention unit for detainees awaiting trial or appeal at the Tribunal or any other person detained on the authority of the Tribunal and to ensure the continued application and protection of their individual rights while in detention. The primary principles on which these Rules of Detention rest reflect the overriding requirements of humanity, respect for human dignity and the presumption of innocence.

 In particular, these Rules of Detention are intended to regulate, in general terms, the rights and obligations of detainees at all stages from reception to release, and to provide the basic criteria for management of the detention unit.

(i) In these Rules of Detention the following terms shall mean:

Bureau:
the body comprised of the President, the Vice-President and the Presiding Judges of the Trial Chambers established pursuant to Rule 23 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence;

Commanding Officer:
the official of the United Nations appointed as the head of the staff responsible for the administration of the detention unit;

Detainee:
any person detained awaiting trial or appeal before the Tribunal, or being held pending transfer to another institution, and any other person detained on the authority of the Tribunal;

Detention unit:
the unit for detainees erected within the grounds of the host prison;

General Director:
the head of the host prison appointed by the authorities of the Host State;

Host prison:
the penitentiary complex maintained by the authorities of the Host State and located at*;

Host State:
the Kingdom of the Netherlands;

Medical officer:
the medical officer for the time being appointed by agreement between the Registrar and the General Director of the host prison;

Prosecutor:
the Prosecutor appointed pursuant to Article 18 of the Statute of the Tribunal adopted by Security Council resolution 827 of 25 May 1993, or any person authorized by him or acting under his direction;

Registrar:
the Registrar of the Tribunal appointed pursuant to Article 17(3) of the Statute of the Tribunal, or any person authorized by him or acting under his direction;

Rules of Procedure and Evidence:
the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the Tribunal as adopted on 11 February 1994 as subsequently amended;

Staff of the detention unit:
the staff employed by the United Nations to run the detention unit;

Tribunal:
the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, established by Security Council resolution 827 of 25 May 1993.

(ii) In these Rules of Detention, the masculine shall include the feminine and the singular the plural and vice-versa.

(iii) These Rules of Detention shall enter into force as of 1 August 1994.

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* References to the location of the host prison and the Detention unit have been deleted for security reasons.

These Rules of Detention are to be applied in conjunction with the relevant provisions of the Headquarters Agreement entered into between the Host State and the United Nations and, in particular, the Annex on matters relating to security and order.

The United Nations shall retain the ultimate responsibility and liability for all aspects of detention pursuant to these Rules of Detention. All detainees shall be subject to the sole jurisdiction of the Tribunal at all times that they are so detained, even though physically absent from the detention unit, until final release or transfer to another institution. Subject to the overriding jurisdiction of the Tribunal, the Commanding Officer shall have sole responsibility for all aspects of the day-to-day management of the detention unit, including security and order, and may make all decisions relating thereto, except where otherwise provided in these Rules of Detention.

These Rules of Detention shall be applied impartially. There shall be no discrimination on grounds of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, birth, economic or other status.

A detainee is entitled to observe the religious beliefs and moral precepts of the group to which he belongs and that right shall be respected at all times.

All detainees, other than those who have been convicted by the Tribunal, are presumed to be innocent until found guilty and are to be treated as such at all times.

The Bureau may, at any time, appoint a Judge or the Registrar of the Tribunal to inspect the detention unit and to report to the Tribunal on the general conditions of implementation of these Rules of Detention or of any particular aspect thereof with a view to ensuring that the detention unit is administered in accordance with the Rules of Detention. In addition, there shall be regular and unannounced inspections by inspectors whose duty it is to examine the manner in which detainees are treated. The Bureau shall act upon all such reports as it sees fit, in consultation with the relevant authorities of the Host State where necessary.

These Rules of Detention and any regulations made hereunder shall be made readily available to the staff of the detention unit in the working languages of the Tribunal and that of the Host State.

These Rules of Detention and any regulations made hereunder shall be made readily available to each detainee in those languages and in the language of the detainee.

No person shall be received in the detention unit without a warrant of arrest duly issued by a Judge or a Chamber of the Tribunal.

A complete, secure and current record shall be kept concerning each detainee received. It shall include:

(a) information concerning the identity of the detainee and his next of kin;

(b) the date of issue of the indictment against the detainee and of the warrant of arrest;

(c) the date and time of admission;

(d) the name of counsel, if known;

(e) the date, time and reason for all absences from the detention unit, whether to attend at the Tribunal, for medical or other approved reasons, or on final release or transfer to another institution.

All information concerning detainees shall be treated as confidential and made accessible only to the detainee, his counsel and persons authorized by the Registrar. The detainee shall be informed of this fact upon his arrival at the detention unit.

As soon as practicable after admission, each detainee shall be provided with information concerning legal, diplomatic and consular representation available to him. The detainee shall be given the opportunity at this time to notify, within reason, his family, his counsel, the appropriate diplomatic or consular representative and, at the discretion of the Commanding Officer, any other person, of his whereabouts, at the expense of the Tribunal. The detainee shall be asked at this time to name a person or authority to be notified of special events affecting him.

On arrival at the detention unit, the Commanding Officer shall order that a detainee’s body and clothes may be searched for articles that may constitute a danger to the security and proper running of the detention unit, or which may constitute a danger to the detainee, any other detainee or any member of the staff of the detention unit and shall remove any such items.

An inventory shall be made of all money, valuables, clothing and other effects belonging to a detainee which, under these Rules of Detention or the rules of the host prison, he is not permitted to retain. The inventory shall be signed by the detainee. All such items shall be placed in safe custody or, at the request and expense of the detainee, sent to an address provided by him. If the items are retained within the detention unit, all reasonable steps shall be taken by the staff of the detention unit to keep them in good condition. If it is found necessary to destroy an item, this shall be recorded and the detainee informed.

Each detainee shall be examined by the medical officer or his deputy on the day of admission and thereafter as necessary, with a view particularly to the discovery of physical or mental illness and the taking of all necessary measures for medical treatment and the segregation of detainees suspected of infectious or contagious conditions.

Each detainee shall occupy a cell unit by himself except in exceptional circumstances or in cases where the Commanding Officer, with the approval of the Registrar, considers that there are advantages in sharing accommodation.

Each detainee shall be provided with a separate bed and with appropriate bedding which shall be kept in good order and changed on a regular basis so as to ensure its cleanliness.

The detention unit shall, at all times, meet all requirements of health and hygiene, due regard being paid to climatic conditions, lighting, heating and ventilation.

Each detainee shall be permitted unrestricted access to the sanitary, hygiene and drinking water arrangements in his cell unit.

All parts of the detention unit shall be properly maintained and kept clean at all times. In particular, each detainee shall be expected to keep his cell unit clean and tidy at all times.

Detainees shall be required to keep themselves clean, and shall be provided with such toilet articles as are necessary for health and cleanliness.

Facilities shall be provided by the host prison for the proper care of the hair and beard, and male detainees shall be enabled to shave regularly.

Detainees may wear their own civilian clothing if, in the opinion of the Commanding Officer, it is clean and suitable. An indigent detainee shall be provided with suitable and sufficient civilian clothing at the cost of the Tribunal.

All clothing shall be clean and kept in proper condition. Underclothing shall be changed and washed as often as necessary for the maintenance of hygiene, in accordance with the regime of the host prison.

The host prison shall provide each detainee at the normal hours with food which is suitably prepared and presented, and which satisfies in quality and quantity the standards of dietetics and modern hygiene and takes into account the age, health, religious and, as far as possible, cultural requirements of the detainee.

Each detainee shall be allowed at least one hour of walking or other suitable exercise in the open air daily, if the weather permits. Where possible, arrangements may be made with the General Director for use by detainees of indoor and outdoor sporting facilities outside the detention unit but within the host prison.

A properly organized programme of physical education, sport and other recreational activities shall be arranged by the Commanding Officer to ensure physical fitness, adequate exercise and recreational opportunities.

The Commanding Officer, acting on the advice of the medical officer, shall ensure that any detainee who participates in such a programme is physically fit to do so. Special arrangements shall be made, under medical direction, for remedial or therapeutic treatment for any detainee who is unable to participate in the regular programme.

The medical services of the host prison, including psychiatric and dental care, shall be fully available to detainees, subject to any practical arrangements made with the General Director. A person capable of providing first-aid shall be present at the detention unit at all times.

Detainees may be visited by, and consult with, a doctor or dentist of their choice at their own expense. All such visits shall be made by prior arrangement with the Commanding Officer as to the time and duration of the visit and shall be subject to the same security controls as are imposed under Rule 63. The Commanding Officer shall not refuse a request for such a visit without reasonable grounds. Any treatment or medication recommended by such a doctor or dentist shall be administered solely by the medical officer or his deputy. The medical officer may, in his sole discretion, refuse to administer any such treatment or medication.

Detainees who require specialist or in-patient treatment shall be treated within the host prison to the fullest extent possible or transferred to a civil hospital.

The Registrar shall be informed immediately upon the death or serious illness or injury of a detainee. The Registrar shall immediately inform the spouse or nearest relative of the detainee and shall, in any event, inform any other person previously designated by the detainee. In the event of the death of a detainee, an inquest will be conducted in accordance with the legal requirements of the Host State. The President may also order an inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the death or serious injury of any detainee.

The medical officer shall have the care of the physical and mental health of the detainees and shall see, on a daily basis or more often if necessary, all sick detainees, all who complain of illness and any detainee to whom his attention is specially directed.

The medical officer shall report to the Commanding Officer whenever he considers that the physical or mental health of a detainee has been or will be adversely affected by any condition of his detention. The Commanding Officer shall immediately submit the report to the Registrar who, after consultation with the President, shall take all necessary action.

A competent authority appointed by the Tribunal pursuant to Rule 6 shall regularly inspect the detention unit and advise the Commanding Officer and the Registrar upon:

(a) the quantity, quality, preparation and serving of food;

(b) the hygiene and cleanliness of the detention unit and of the detainees;

(c) the sanitation, heating, lighting and ventilation of the detention unit;

(d) the suitability and cleanliness of the detainees’ clothing and bedding.

The Registrar shall, if he concurs with the recommendations made, take immediate steps to give effect to those recommendations; if he does not concur with them, he shall immediately submit both a personal report and a copy of the recommendations to the Tribunal.

Discipline and order shall be maintained by the staff of the detention unit in the interests of safe custody and the well-ordered running of the detention unit.

The Commanding Officer, in consultation with the Registrar, shall issue regulations:

(a) defining conduct constituting a disciplinary offence;

(b) regulating the type of punishment that can be imposed;

(c) specifying the authority that can impose such punishment;

(d) providing for a right of appeal to the President.

The disciplinary regulations shall provide a detainee with the right to be heard on the subject of any offence which he is alleged to have committed.

The Registrar, acting on the request of the Prosecutor, or on his own initiative, and after seeking medical advice, may order that a detainee be segregated from all or some of the other detainees so as to avoid any potential conflict within the detention unit, or danger to the detainee in question.

At any time, the Commanding Officer may also order that a detainee be segregated from some or all of the other detainees for the preservation of security and good order in the detention unit or for the protection of the detainee in question. The Commanding Officer shall report all incidents of segregation to the medical officer who shall confirm the physical and mental fitness of the detainee for such segregation. Segregation is not to be used as a disciplinary measure.

A detainee may ask to be segregated from all or some of the other detainees. Upon receipt of such a request, the Commanding Officer shall consult the medical officer to determine whether such segregation is medically acceptable. A request for segregation will be granted unless, in the opinion of the medical officer, such segregation would be injurious to the mental or physical health of the detainee.

The Commanding Officer shall review all cases of individual segregation of detainees at least once a week and report to the Registrar thereon.

The Commanding Officer may organize the use of communal areas of the detention unit so as to segregate certain groups of detainees from others in the interests of the safety of the detainees and the proper conduct and operation of the detention unit. If such segregation is put into practice, care shall be taken to ensure that all such groupings are treated on an equal basis, having regard to the number of detainees falling within each group. All such segregations must be reported to the Tribunal, which may vary the nature, basis or conditions of such segregation.

A detainee may be confined to the isolation unit only in the following circumstances:

(a) by order of the Registrar, acting in consultation with the President; such an order may be based upon a request from any interested person, including the Prosecutor;

(b) by order of the Commanding Officer in order to prevent the detainee from inflicting injury on other detainees or to preserve the security and good order of the detention unit;

(c) as a punishment pursuant to Rule 38.

A record shall be kept of all events concerning a detainee confined to the isolation unit.

All cases of use of the isolation unit shall be reported to the medical officer who shall confirm the physical and mental fitness of the detainee for such isolation. A detainee who has been confined to the isolation unit shall be visited by the medical officer or his deputy as often as the medical officer deems necessary.

A detainee who has been confined to the isolation unit may at any time request a visit from the medical officer, such visit to be made as soon as possible and, in any event, within twenty-four hours of the request.

All cases of use of the isolation unit shall be reported to the Registrar immediately, who shall report the matter to the President. The President may order the release of a detainee from the isolation unit at any time.

In principle, no detainee may be kept in the isolation unit for more than seven consecutive days. If further isolation is necessary, the Commanding Officer shall report the matter to the Registrar before the end of the seven-day period and the medical officer shall confirm the physical and mental fitness of the detainee to continue such isolation for a further period not to exceed seven days. Each and every extension of use of the isolation unit shall be subject to the same procedure.

Instruments of restraint, such as handcuffs, shall only be used in the following exceptional circumstances:

(a) as a precaution against escape during transfer from the detention unit to any other place, including access to the premises of the host prison for any reason;

(b) on medical grounds by direction and under the supervision of the medical officer;

(c) to prevent a detainee from self-injury, injury to others or to prevent serious damage to property.

In all incidents involving the use of instruments of restraint, the Commanding Officer shall consult the medical officer and report to the Registrar, who may report the matter to the President.

Instruments of restraint shall be removed at the earliest possible opportunity.

If the use of any instrument of restraint is required under Rule 50, the restrained detainee shall be kept under constant and adequate supervision.

The staff of the detention unit shall not use force against a detainee except in self-defence or in cases of attempted escape or active or passive resistance to an order based upon these Rules of Detention or any regulations issued hereunder. Staff who have recourse to force must use no more than is strictly necessary and must report the incident immediately to the Commanding Officer, who shall provide a report on the matter to the Registrar.

A detainee against whom force has been used shall have the right to be examined immediately and treated, if necessary, by the medical officer. The medical examination shall be conducted in private and in the absence of any non-medical staff. The results of the examination, including any relevant statement by the detainee and the medical officer’s opinion, shall be formally recorded and made available to the detainee, in a language accessible to him, to the Commanding Officer, to the President and to the Prosecutor.

A record shall be kept of every instance of the use of force against a detainee.

If, in the opinion of the Commanding Officer, a situation exists or is developing which threatens the security and good order of the detention unit, the Commanding Officer shall contact the General Director who will request the immediate assistance of the authorities of the Host State to maintain control within the detention unit. All such requests must be reported to the Registrar and the President immediately.

If there is serious danger of disturbances occurring within the detention unit or the host prison, the Commanding Officer or the General Director, as appropriate, may temporarily suspend the operation of all or part of these Rules of Detention for a maximum of two days. Any such suspension must be reported to the Registrar immediately. Thereupon, the President, acting in consultation with the Bureau, shall consult with the relevant authorities of the Host State and take such action in connection therewith as may be seen fit at the time.

In addition to the copies of these Rules of Detention and any regulations to be provided to each detainee pursuant to Rule 8, each detainee shall on admission be provided with written information in the working languages of the Tribunal or in his own language concerning the rights and treatment of detainees, the disciplinary requirements of the detention unit, the authorized methods of seeking information and making complaints, and all other matters necessary to enable him to understand both his rights and obligations and to adapt himself to the routine of the detention unit.

At any time at which there is a detainee in the detention unit who speaks and understands neither of the working languages of the Tribunal nor that spoken by any of the staff of the detention unit, arrangements shall be made for an interpreter to be available on reasonable notice and, in any event, in cases of emergency, to permit the detainee to communicate freely with the staff and administration of the detention unit.

Subject to the provisions of Rule 66, detainees shall be entitled, under such conditions of supervision and time-restraints as the Commanding Officer deems necessary, to communicate with their families and other persons with whom it is in their legitimate interest to correspond by letter and by telephone at their own expense. In the case of an indigent detainee, the Registrar may agree that the Tribunal will bear such expenses within reason.

All correspondence and mail, including packages, shall be inspected for explosives or other irregular material. The Commanding Officer, in consultation with the Registrar, shall lay down conditions as to the inspection of correspondence, mail and packages in the interests of maintaining order in the detention unit and to obviate the danger of escape.

A detainee shall be informed at once of the death or serious illness of any near relative.

Detainees shall be entitled to receive visits from family, friends and others, subject only to the provisions of Rule 66 and to such restrictions and supervision as the Commanding Officer, in consultation with the Registrar, may impose. Such restrictions and supervision must be necessary in the interests of the administration of justice or the security and good order of the host prison and the detention unit. All visitors must also comply with the separate requirements of the visiting regime of the host prison. These restrictions may include personal searches of clothing and X-ray examination of possessions on entry to either or both of the detention unit and the host prison. Any person, including defence counsel for a detainee or a diplomatic or consular representative accredited to the Host State, who refuses to comply with such requirements, whether of the detention unit or of the host prison, may be refused access.

A detainee must be informed of the identity of each visitor and may refuse to see any visitor other than a representative of the Prosecutor.

Detainees shall be allowed to communicate with and receive visits from the diplomatic and consular representative accredited to the Host State of the State to which they belong or, in the case of detainees who are without diplomatic or consular representation in the Host State and refugees or stateless persons, with the diplomatic representative accredited to the Host State of the State which takes charge of their interests or of a national or international authority whose task it is to serve the interests of such persons.

The Prosecutor may request the Registrar or, in cases of emergency, the Commanding Officer, to prohibit contact between a detainee and any other person if he has reasonable grounds for believing that such contact is for the purposes of attempting to arrange the escape of the detainee from the detention unit, or could prejudice or otherwise affect the outcome of the proceedings against the detainee, or of any other investigation, or that such contact could be harmful to the detainee or any other person. If the request is made to the Commanding Officer on grounds of urgency, the Prosecutor shall immediately inform the Registrar of the request, together with the reasons therefor. The detainee shall immediately be informed of the fact of any such request. A detainee may at any time request the President to deny or reverse such a request for prohibition of contact.

Each detainee shall be entitled to communicate fully and without restraint with his defence counsel, with the assistance of an interpreter where necessary. Unless such counsel and interpreter have been provided by the Tribunal on the basis of the indigency of the detainee, all such communications shall be at the expense of the detainee. All such correspondence and communications shall be privileged. All visits shall be made by prior arrangement with the Commanding Officer as to the time and duration of the visit and shall be subject to the same security controls as are imposed under Rule 63. The Commanding Officer shall not refuse a request for such a visit without reasonable grounds. Interviews with legal counsel and interpreters shall be conducted in the sight but not within the hearing, either direct or indirect, of the staff of the detention unit.

Every detainee shall be entitled to indicate, on arrival at the detention unit or thereafter, whether he wishes to establish contact with any of the ministers or spiritual advisers of the host prison.

A qualified representative of each religion or system of beliefs held by any detainee shall be appointed and approved by the Bureau. Such representative shall be permitted to hold regular services and activities within the detention unit and to pay pastoral visits to any detainee of his religion, subject to the same considerations of the security and good order of the detention unit and of the host prison as apply to other visits.

Access to a representative of any religion shall not be refused to any detainee, subject only to the same restrictions and conditions provided for in Rule 63. A detainee may refuse to see any such religious representative.

So far as is practicable, every detainee shall be allowed to satisfy the needs of his religious, spiritual and moral life by attending services or meetings held in the detention unit and having in his possession any necessary books or literature. By arrangement with the General Director, a detainee may, on request, be permitted to visit any religious facility within the grounds of the host prison.

The Commanding Officer, after consultation with the General Director, and as far as is practicable, shall institute a work programme to be performed by detainees either in the individual cell units or in the communal areas of the detention unit.

Detainees shall be offered the opportunity to enrol in such work programme but shall not be required to work. A detainee who chooses to work shall be paid for his work at rates to be established by the Commanding Officer in consultation with the Registrar and may use part of his earnings to purchase articles for his own use pursuant to Rule 82. The balance of any monies earned shall be held to his account in accordance with Rule 14.

Detainees shall be allowed to procure at their own expense books, newspapers, reading and writing materials and other means of occupation as are compatible with the interests of the administration of justice and the security and good order of the detention unit and of the host prison.

In particular, detainees shall be entitled to keep themselves regularly informed of the news by reading newspapers, periodicals and other publications and by radio and television broadcasts, all necessary equipment to be provided at their own expense. The Commanding Officer may refuse the installation of any such equipment which he considers to be a potential risk to the safety and good order of the detention unit or to any of the detainees.

If, in the opinion of the Prosecutor, the interests of justice would not be served by allowing a particular detainee unrestricted access to the news, or that such unrestricted access could prejudice the outcome of the proceedings against the detainee or of any other investigation, the Prosecutor may request the Registrar, or in cases of urgency, the Commanding Officer to restrict such access. If the request is made to the Commanding Officer on grounds of urgency, the Prosecutor shall immediately inform the Registrar of the request, together with the reasons therefor. The detainee shall immediately be informed of the fact of any such request. A detainee may at any time request the President to deny or reverse such a request for restriction of access.

By arrangement with the General Director, detainees may use the library and such vocational or other facilities of the host prison as may be made available.

A detainee may keep in his possession all clothing and personal items for his own use or consumption unless, in the opinion of the Commanding Officer or the General Director, such items constitute a threat to the security or good order of the detention unit or the host prison, or to the health or safety of any person therein. All items so removed shall be retained by the staff of the detention unit as provided for in Rule 14.

Any item received from outside, including any item introduced by any visitor to a detainee, shall be subject to separate security controls by both the detention unit and the host prison and may be transported through the host prison to the detention unit by staff of either the detention unit or of the host prison. The General Director may refuse access to the host prison of any item intended for consumption by detainees.

As far as practicable, any item received for a detainee from outside shall be treated as provided for in Rule 14 unless intended and permitted under these Rules of Detention and the rules of the host prison for use during imprisonment.

The possession and use of any medication shall be subject to the control and supervision of the medical officer. Detainees may possess cigarettes and smoke them at such times and places as the Commanding Officer permits. The possession or consumption of alcohol is not permitted.

Each detainee shall be authorized to spend his own money to purchase items of a personal nature from the store operated by the host prison. In the case of an indigent detainee, the Registrar may authorize the purchase of such items, within reason, for the account of the Tribunal. Detainees shall have the right to purchase such items within seven days of arrival and at least once a week thereafter.

On release of the detainee from the detention unit, or transfer to another institution, all articles and money retained within the detention unit shall be returned to the detainee except in so far as he has been authorized to spend money or send such property out of the detention unit, or it has been found necessary on hygienic grounds to destroy any article of clothing. The detainee shall sign a receipt for the articles and money returned to him.

Each detainee may make a complaint to the Commanding Officer or his representative at any time.

A detainee, if not satisfied with the response from the Commanding Officer, has the right to make a written complaint, without censorship, to the Registrar, who shall forward it to the President.

Each detainee may freely communicate with the competent inspecting authority. During an inspection of the detention unit, the detainee shall have the opportunity to talk to the inspector out of the sight and hearing of the staff of the detention unit.

The right of complaint shall include confidential access to the relevant authority pursuant to Rule 85.

Every complaint made to the Registrar shall be acknowledged within twenty-four hours. Each complaint shall be dealt with promptly and replied to without delay and, in any event, no later than two weeks of receipt.

When detainees are being removed to or from the detention unit, they shall be exposed to public view as little as possible and all proper safeguards shall be adopted to protect them from insult, injury, curiosity and publicity in any form.

Detainees shall at all times be transported in vehicles with adequate ventilation and light and in such a way as will not subject them to unnecessary physical hardship or indignity.

The transport of detainees through the host prison shall be conducted jointly by personnel of the detention unit and of the host prison.

Rule 92

Proposals for amendment of the Rules of Detention may be made by a Judge, the Prosecutor or the Registrar and shall be adopted if agreed to by not less than seven Judges at a plenary meeting of the Tribunal convened with notice of the proposal addressed to all Judges. An amendment to the Rules of Detention may be otherwise adopted, provided it is unanimously approved by the Judges. Any such amendment shall enter into force immediately unless the Tribunal decides otherwise.