TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION

A. The Accused Sefer Halilovic
B. Overview of the Case Against Sefer Halilovic

II. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE EVALUATION OF EVIDENCE

III. APPLICABLE LAW

A. Law on Article 3 of the Statute

1. General Requirements of Article 3 of the Statute

(a) The Existence of an Armed Conflict and Nexus of the Alleged Crimes with the Armed Conflict
(b) The Tadic Conditions

2. “Persons Taking no Active Part in the Hostilities” under Common Article 3
3. Specific Considerations Concerning Murder under Common Article 3

B. Law on Article 7 (3)

1. Introduction
2. The Nature of Command Responsibility in International Law
3. The Elements of Command Responsibility

(a) Superior-Subordinate Relationship
(b) Mental Element: “Knew Or Had Reason To Know”

(i) Actual Knowledge
(ii) “Had Reason to know”

(c) Failure to Prevent or Punish

(i) Necessary and Reasonable Measures
(ii) Causation
(iii) Duty to Prevent

a. General obligation
b. Specific Obligation

(iv) Duty to Punish

a. Failure to Punish in International Humanitarian Law
b. Prerequisites of the Duty to Punish

IV. FACTUAL AND LEGAL FINDINGS

A. MILITARY AND CIVILIAN STRUCTURES

1. Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

(a) Structure of the Main Staff of the ABiH
(b) Further Evidence On the Position in the Main Staff Held by Sefer Halilovic After 8 June 1993
(c) The Military Security Service and the Main Staff Security Administration
(d) Rules and Training On the Law Regulating the Conduct of War
(e) Structure of Relevant ABiH Corps and Independent Units

(i) 1st Corps

a. 9th Brigade
b. 10th Brigade
c. Discipline and Behaviour of the 9th Brigade and the 10th Brigade Pre-September 1993

i. Generally
ii. Taking Civilians to Dig Trenches
iii. Thefts and General Misappropriation of Property
iv. General Undisciplined Behaviour

d. 2nd Independent Battalion

(ii) 3rd Corps

a. OG West

(iii) 4th Corps
(iv) 6th Corps

a. Military Police Battalion
b. Zulfikar Detachment
c. Prozor Independent Battalion
d. 44th Mountain Brigade

(v) Handzar Division
(vi) Igman Wolves

2. MUP units

(a) General information
(b) The Laste Special MUP Unit
(c) Resubordination of MUP Units to ABiH Units

B. Existence of Armed Conflict

(a) Prozor
(b) Jablanica
(c) Mostar
(d) Sarajevo and Mt. Igman

C. “Operation Neretva”

1. Meeting at Zenica
2. Orders issued between 24-29 August 1993
3. Establishment of an Inspection Team

(a) Order of 30 August 1993
(b) Sefer Halilovic as Team Leader of the Inspection Team
(c) Report of the Inspection Team

4. Alleged Existence of an IKM in Jablanica
5. Reorganisation and Resubordination of units following the Zenica Meeting

(a) Reorganisation of Units
(b) Resubordination of Units

6. Chronology of Events in September 1993

(a) 1 September
(b) 2 September
(c) 3 September
(d) 4 September

(i) Meeting with Rasim Delic in Donja Jablanica
(ii) Further Meetings on 4 September

(e) 5 September

(i) Meeting in Dobro Polje
(ii) Map entitled “Operation Neretva”

(f) 6 September
(g) 7 September

(i) 2nd Independent Battalion
(ii) Selection of Units to go to Herzegovina
(iii) Preparation for Billeting of Troops

(h) 8 September

(i) Arrival of Troops in Jablanica
(ii) Briefing in Konjic

(i) 9 September
(j) 10 September
(k) 11 September
(l) 12 September
(m) 13 September
(n) 14 September
(o) 15 September

7. End of the “Operation” 16-20 September
8. Continuing Combat Operations and Cease-Fire Agreement
9. Command and Control of Sefer Halilovic during “Operation Neretva”
10. Factual Findings as to the Status of Sefer Halilovic during “Operation Neretva”

D. Events in Grabovica

1. The Village of Grabovica
2. Capture of Grabovica by ABiH and Accommodation of Troops in Grabovica from May through September 1993
3. Arrival and Billeting of Troops in Grabovica; September 1993

(a) 2nd Independent Battalion
(b) 9th Brigade
(c) 10th Brigade

4. Violence Against and Killing of Villagers

(a) 7 and 8 September
(b) 9 September
(c) Alleged Killing of a Bosnian Croat ABiH Soldier

5. Additional ABiH Checkpoints
6. Departure of Troops from Grabovica
7. Victims Listed in the Indictment

(a) Pero Maric and Dragica Maric
(b) Josip Brekalo, Luca Brekalo, Pero Culjak, Matija Culjak and Anica Pranjic.
(c) Ilka Maric, Ruza Maric (Born in 1956), Martin Maric, Marinko Maric and Luca Maric
(d) Franjo Ravlic and Ivan Saric
(e) Zivko Dreznjak and Ljuba Dreznjak
(f) The Zadro Family: Ivan Zadro, Matija Zadro, Mladen Zadro, Ljubica Zadro and Mladenka Zadro
(g) Andrija Dreznjak, Mara Dreznjak and Dragica Dreznjak
(h) Ivan Mandic and Ilka Miletic
(i) Mara Mandic

8. Disposal of Bodies

(a) Burial of Bodies
(b) Transport of Bodies out of Grabovica
(c) Burning of Bodies

9. Actual Knowledge of Sefer Halilovic of the Crimes

(a) Goran and Zoran Zadro
(b) The Alleged Statement of Vehbija Karic
(c) Sefer Halilovic’s Notification of the Crimes in Grabovica

E. Events in Uzdol

1. Uzdol in 1993
2. Presence of HVO in Uzdol in September 1993

(a) HVO positions in Uzdol: school in Cer
(b) Other HVO positions around Uzdol
(c) HVO members living in Uzdol
(d) Weapons of HVO soldiers
(e) Uniforms of HVO soldiers
(f) “Home guard”

3. Attack on Uzdol – 14 September 1993

(a) Testimony from members of the ABiH
(b) Reports from the ABiH
(c) Reports from the HVO
(d) Testimony of residents of Uzdol at the time
(e) Findings on the attack

4. Killings in Uzdol -14 September 1993

(a) Ruza Zelic, Marija Zelic and Stjepan Zelic
(b) Anica Stojanovic
(c) Ivan Zelenika, Jadranka Zelenika and Ruza Zelenika
(d) Mara Grubesa
(e) Luca Zelenika and Janja Zelenika
(f) Dragica Zelenika
(g) Kata Perkovic
(h) Martin Ratkic and Kata Ratkic
(i) Anto Stojanovic
(j) Franjo Stojanovic and Serafina Stojanovic
(k) Stanko Rajic, Lucija Rajic, Sima Rajic, Mara Rajic and Jela Dzalto
(l) Mijo Rajic and Ivka Rajic (1921)
(m) Domin Rajic, Ivka Rajic (1934) and Zorka Glibo
(n) Mato Ljubic and Kata Ljubic

5. Uzdol after the attack
6. Media attention on Uzdol

F. INVESTIGATIONS INTO CRIMES COMMITTED IN GRABOVICA AND UZDOL

1. Rules Concerning Investigations
2. Investigations into Murders Committed in Grabovica

(a) 9 September
(b) 10 September
(c) 11 September
(d) 12 September and later

3. Investigations into Murders Committed in Uzdol
4. “Operation Trebevic”

G. FINDINGS ON CRIMES CHARGED

1. Existence of Armed Conflict and Nexus
2. Murder

(a) Grabovica
(b) Uzdol

H. FINDINGS ON THE INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF SEFER HALILOVIC

1. Grabovica
2. Uzdol
3. Concluding Findings

V. DISPOSITON

VI. ANNEX I – GLOSSARY

A. List of Abbreviations, Acronyms and Short references
B. List of cases

1. ICTY
2. ICTR
3. Decisions of other courts

C. List of other legal authorities

VII. ANNEX 2: PROCEDURAL HISTORY

A. Pre-Trial Proceedings

1. Indictment
2. Voluntary Surrender and Initial Appearance
3. Assignment of counsel
4. Provisional Release
5. Disclosure
6. Status Conferences and Pre-Trial Conferences
7. Pre-Trial Briefs

B. Trial Proceedings

1. Overview
2. E-court
3. Assignment of a Bench
4. Protective Measures
5. Agreement of the Parties
6. Statements of the Accused
7. Rebuttal and Re-opening
8. Provisional Release