Fifth Expert Group Meeting on Indicators of Sustainable Development
Report of the Meeting
United Nations
Division for Sustainable Development
7 - 8 April 1999, New York
I. Opening of the Meeting
The Chair of the meeting, Ms. JoAnne DiSano,
Director of the Division for Sustainable Development (DSD), welcomed
participants of the Fifth Expert Group Meeting on Indicators of
Sustainable Development, and informed participants of its objectives
which were: 1) to take stock of the implementation of the Work Programme
on Indicators of Sustainable Development, 2) to discuss the interim
results of the national testing of the working set of indicators, 3) to
provide recommendations for the revision of the current framework,
indicator set and related methodologies, 4) to provide guidance and
recommend actions on how to further the national implementation of the
testing, 5) to discuss the outcome of the study on linkages and
aggregation prepared by Ms. Isabelle Guinomet, and 6) to provide
recommendations for follow-up to initiatives on aggregation and linkages
of sustainable development indicators in the context of the CSD work
programme.
The Proposed Agenda and Organization of Work were
adopted by the Expert Group.
Annexes to this report include: Annex
1: Agenda, and Annex
2: List of Participants.
II. Status of the Implementation of the CSD
Work Programme on Indicators of Sustainable Development
DSD gave a brief overview of the activities
undertaken since the Fourth Expert Group Meeting in October 1997.
Activities included a global meeting of the testing countries hosted by
the Czech Republic in January 1998 which, together with testing reports
received from participating countries till the end of 1998, had served
as inputs to the technical paper prepared by DSD and presented to the
Expert Group. It was stressed that the testing results should be seen as
indicative only, as the paper is based on results received from a
limited number of countries which had all approached the testing process
differently. It was highlighted that, though the testing had been
successfully implemented in many countries, challenges are still great
in others and include both political and technical issues such as lack
of adequate mandate and focus on the use of the indicators work in the
decision-making process; lack of human and technical resources; and,
time constraints of the testing phase while requiring coordination among
a large number of institutions and interest groups.
DSD informed the Expert Group that, in response
to a recommendation of the last expert group meeting, a study had been
commissioned on possible aggregation and linkages of sustainable
development indicators, co-sponsored by Eurostat. A first version was
completed in January 1999 in close cooperation with the Expert Group.
Part of the expert group meeting would be dedicated to discussing the
outcome and possible follow-up activities related hereto.
Additional work undertaken, include the DSD
programme on indicators for changing production and consumption
patterns, for which 3 draft methodology sheets were made available to
the Expert Group for comments. Furthermore, UNSD has started the
compilation of selected environmental indicators from the CSD set.
Future activities include the upcoming revision of the indicator set and
methodologies based on the recommendations developed at this meeting. It
was stressed that a very strict time frame applied for the revision
process and that recommendations therefore should be kept realistic in
their scope and proposed resource requirements.
III. Introduction to the Technical Paper on
the Testing of CSD Indicators of Sustainable Development
Mr. Paul Rump introduced and commented on the
technical paper prepared by the DSD which consolidated the interim
testing results. It was emphasized, that all opportunities should be
taken to reinforce, clarify and disseminate the purpose and goal of the
testing programme and strengthen the testing implementation while making
use of twinning arrangements, where feasible. He pointed out the
requirement for technical and financial support to facilitate
capacity-building with respect to information systems and proposed that
a task force of interested organizations involved in these kinds of
activities be requested to broker indicator development partnerships
between suitable developing countries and supporting national and
international institutions.
With respect to guiding criteria for national
indicator selection, it was stressed that although availability of data
is an important factor, this should not drive the process. It was also
stressed, that while no framework will be a perfect tool, it is an
important reference to guide an indicator programme and that the Driving
Force - State - Response approach adopted by the CSD should be sharpened
to focus on the goals and issues of sustainable development. It was
proposed that redundant and yes/no type indicators be removed from the
current list of indicators, and that the more detailed sectoral
indicator sets with relevance to the CSD approach only be referenced in
the documentation for further examination by interested countries.
IV. Working Group Discussions on the
Framework, Indicators and National Implementation
After a morning of introductions and updates
regarding the programme, the participants broke into two parallel
working groups for further discussions. The two groups were facilitated
by Ms. Anne Kerr, Environment Canada and Mr. Jeff Tschirley, FAO.
Participants were asked to focus on a number of questions, such as:
inclusion of new areas identified as priorities by the testing
countries; deletion of issues less reported on by countries; how the set
could allow for regional differences while maintaining the concept of a
core set of indicators; possible revision of the Driving Force - State -
Response approach and the indicator selection criteria; consistency with
other international approaches to SD indicator development, and;
furthering of the testing implementation in selected countries. The
results of the group and subsequent plenary discussions are highlighted
in section VIII of the report containing conclusions and
recommendations.
V. Technical Cooperation with Testing
Countries
DSD informed the Expert Group of its current
activities in the area. DSD is working with the Governments of Barbados,
Maldives and Costa Rica to develop a technical cooperation programme
based on "twinning" between Barbados and Maldives with
institutional support from Costa Rica. Under the proposed format, a
preliminary mission would be sent to the Maldives in order to assess the
country's understanding of, and approach to, sustainable development,
and to identify key individuals to participate in subsequent training.
The mission team would include at least one person, possibly from Costa
Rica, with experience in implementing a coordinated, approach to SDI. In
parallel with the mission, a Barbados counterpart will canvass all
organizations (including national and local government, NGO and private
sector) to identify some 50 - 80 individuals to participate in a
domestic training programme.
In order to provide the basis for specific
elements of the training programme, it is proposed that an expert from
Eurostat would be sent on mission to Barbados for two to three months in
order to acquire a detailed understanding of the country's capacity
related to information collection, flow and access at the national
level. It is possible that one or two information counterparts from
Maldives would assist in this activity, in order to receive the skills
and understanding required to conduct future in-country training in the
Maldives.It is expected that the workshop in Barbados would focus on
evaluating the implications of specific sustainable development
indicators (chosen as national priorities) in relation to information
requirements and institutional capacity-building. In this context, the
institutional expert(s) from Costa Rica, in conjunction with the
Eurostat expert, would provide both a framework for implementing a
successful SDI programme as well as the information system necessary to
accompany such a programme. The participants from the Maldives,
augmented by other key stakeholders from the Maldives, would thus
receive sufficient training to implement that country's own sustainable
development programme.
The Expert Group expressed willingness to
cooperate where possible and in particular WHO offered that the national
WHO offices might assist with data collection for indicators for which
they assume the Lead Agency role.
VI. Introduction to the Study on Linkages and
Aggregation
The study was introduced by its author, Ms.
Isabelle Guinomet, who thanked the Expert Group for its cooperation in
reviewing the first round of abstracts and providing elaborate comments
on the typology and content of the report. It was stressed that this
first version was finalized within a limited time frame and did not
attempt to be comprehensive in coverage and analysis but rather a first
look at available initiatives for which information was readily
available. It was noted that recommendations from the Expert Group would
be essential in deciding next steps and future work priorities.
VII. Group Discussions on Linkages and Aggregation
Participants broke into two parallel working
groups to discuss the following two main issues: First, whether the DSD
in cooperation with the Expert Group at this time should devote efforts
to work towards linked or aggregated measures into the revised set of
indicators, and second, whether the study by Ms. Guinomet should be
further developed to supplement the CSD indicator approach. The results
of the group and subsequent plenary discussions are highlighted in the
following section (VIII) of the report.
VIII. Conclusions and Recommendations
The conclusions and recommendations are organized
under two main headings (Results of National Testing, and Study on
Linkages and Aggregation) with the main conclusions and recommendations
set out for each of the key issues discussed by the Expert Group.
Results of the National Testing
A. Indicators Framework
Conclusions:
Although there is no ideal framework for
organizing indicators to assess progress towards sustainable
development, the Driving Force - State - Response approach (DSR) is a
useful organizational tool and can be supplemented with other tools. The
use of the DSR is compatible with the use of organizing principles that
focus on policy and/or thematic issues.
While the main purpose of the CSD programme on
indicators of sustainable development is to help countries assess
progress at the national level, countries at the same time face the need
to report internationally on a wide variety of sustainable development
issues.
Recommendations:
The Expert Group felt there is a need to re-focus
the indicator framework to emphasize policy issues or main themes while
incorporating the DSR approach and ensuring flexibility in the
adaptation of the framework at the national level. It should be
emphasized to countries that the framework is a guide for action and can
be changed and adapted to meet national requirements.
A principal criterion for the inclusion of new
issues and themes should be the political priorities identified by the
CSD, particularly those related to the new programme of work adopted at
the Earth Summit+5 in 1997. Energy, tourism, transport and vulnerability
are examples. The Expert Group agreed to provide inputs to the draft
issues/themes list when circulated electronically by DSD.
A "Why, what and possible how handbook"
to supplement the methodology sheets would be helpful to countries to
explain the purposes of the framework and related indicators and
methodologies, to provide guidance and to suggest useful experience from
other countries in the national use of indicators. Examples from the
testing countries could be particularly relevant. The UNEP Sourcebook on
State of the Environment Reporting is an example of a handbook.
B. Core indicators:
Recommendations:
As envisaged in the original work plan, the
current list of 134 indicators should be used to develop a core set of
indicators, after the indicators and methodology sheets have been
reviewed at the end of the national testing phase. The entire set of
indicators should consist of a recommended core set plus a larger (or
nested) group of indicators that would be available to countries to
select from in designing their own national indicator programmes, and,
as appropriate, in monitoring progress related to international
agreements and objectives. The core set would be a minimum number of
indicators which all countries will be encouraged to use as the baseline
for their national indicator programmes for monitoring sustainable
development.
Criteria would need to be developed for selection
of the indicators to be included in the core set. These might include
such elements as (1) the existing criteria used for selecting the
original 134 indicators (2) their coverage of common priority issues,
(3) their compatibility with other international indicator sets, (4)
indicators which testing countries have found particularly useful and
(5) creating a balance of sustainable development issues within the set.
Additional issues were identified for further
work and consideration, including risk management, eco-efficiency, total
materials requirement (TMR) and scale aggregation. Further work,
examination and discussion amongst the Expert group is required on these
issues.
C. Inclusion of Other Issues:
Conclusion:
New areas have been identified that may need to
be included in the revised set of indicators. For example, the IAEA is
currently finishing the revised set of indicators for Chapter
22: Safe and environmentally sound management of radioactive wastes.
On-going work within the DESA on consumption and production patterns as
well as work on environmental indicators may need to be included in the
revised list of indicators. Other interesting initiatives to be explored
include the work of the ADB and EBRD on sustainability indicators, the
work of major NGOs and the initiative of the Consultative Group
coordinated by IISD.
Recommendation:
The institutional indicators included in the
current list need to be revised and expanded to better reflect the role
of institutional mechanisms in sustainable development. Members of the
Expert Group from the World Bank, Wuppertal Institute, IISD, RIVM and
ESCAP agreed to convene an electronic-mail working group to discuss how
to improve the institutional indicators in the CSD set.
D. Revision of the methodology sheets
Recommendation:
The methodology sheets will need to be revised
based on comments received from the testing countries and be oriented to
the framework that is ultimately adopted, for example the thematic or
policy approach or in combination with the DSR approach. Technical
elements may need to be updated to include new definitions, new or
changed targets and other relevant information to ensure continued
applicability. This may include comparison with other existing
methodology sheets for the same or comparable indicator in other
programmes. Where major substantive revisions are required, the
methodology sheets should be forwarded to the Lead Agency for their
review and comments as appropriate.
E. Harmonization
Conclusions:
There are a considerable number of international
indicator initiatives within and outside the UN which has lead to an
increased reporting burden on countries. The Expert Group regard it as
important to harmonize and rationalize these efforts.
Gaps in key data sets continue to constrain
efforts to develop appropriate indicators of sustainable development.
The Global Observing System offers a unique
opportunity for countries to use their existing data and information
more effectively at national, regional and global levels
Recommendations:
The CSD core set should be consistent, to the
extent possible, with other international indicator initiatives, bearing
in mind the need to cover the four main dimensions of sustainable
development: economic, social, environmental and institutional.
International organizations should cooperate to
streamline and harmonize reporting requirements in order to limit
duplication and overlap.
F. National Implementation of the Testing
Conclusions:
The value added of the CSD process is the
development of a sound indicator framework and methodologies to support
national monitoring of progress towards sustainable development.
In many countries the testing of indicators has
been a useful mechanism to stimulate discussion on national sustainable
development priorities.
Countries face human and/or capital resource
constraints in advancing the national testing of indicators. There is an
urgent need to further the testing process in those countries where the
testing has lagged behind because of such constraints.
Twinning arrangements such as between France and
Tunisia have proven to be effective in advancing the national
implementation of the testing and should be further developed.
Re-designing the indicators framework to focus on
themes or issues can help to stimulate Government and civil society
involvement in the use and testing of indicators of sustainable
development and make the added value of indicator use more obvious.
Recommendation:
Assisting in the national implementation of the
testing could include: (1) Providing a handbook that will further
explain the different elements of indicators selection and possible uses
illustrating the flexibility and adaptability to national concerns, (2)
Exploring funding possibilities through bilateral arrangements such as
twinning or funding by international agencies and foundations that
support this type of work, (3) Exploring ways to draw upon the UN
agencies and the Expert Group to promote implementation, (4) Fostering
discussion of the programme at a high political level, by encouraging
countries to use the CSD indicators in their national presentations and
reports to the CSD and other international fora.
Study on Linkages and Aggregation
Conclusions
The Expert Group felt that the study provided a
very useful starting point, although it recognized several limitations
that should be addressed in any further development of the report, such
as the need to clarify certain underlying concepts, the need to identify
the criteria used for inclusion of studies and the scope of the universe
from which studies are selected. While there was some view that the
study should be made available on the Internet where it could be updated
in a dynamic way, there was agreement that no posting should take place
until further revision is made in the explanatory section of the study
and in the individual project profiles. In this regard, members of the
Expert Group agreed to provide the CSD Secretariat with additional
information on the various initiatives reflected in the study.
Many participants felt that the terminology
"Linkages and Aggregations" is not entirely clear or
sufficiently encompassing. These specific issues fall within a broader
framework or set of issues (e.g., scaling, spatial representation, tools
for assessing risk, common measurement units and use of weighting)
related to the use of indicators to support decision-makers at the
national level and how these utilize the information generated by
indicator sets. This is related to integrating a mix of methods and the
development of synoptic indicators in ways that are meaningful to
decision-makers.
Recommendations:
Further work on linkages and aggregation should
be connected to the development of the indicator framework and the
identification of themes and core indicators. The identification of
themes and core indicators may help guide how indicators are linked and
how they can be aggregated based on the themes to which they pertain.
Testing the link/aggregation structure against a few themes should be
undertaken and would have the benefit of identifying gaps and
commonalities in the core set of indicators.
The study on linkages and aggregation should be
updated and separated in two volumes. The first volume should contain
the introductory section addressing why and what issues including an
explanatory section which clarifies concepts and terminology, explains
why CSD is dealing with the issue, sets out the criteria for the
selection of methods and rationalizes the balance of initiatives to
reflect sustainability issues. The second volume for development at a
later stage could contain the different initiatives as examples of some
relevant methodologies on how to aggregate, and could be made accessible
on the Internet.
Future Work
Conclusions:
Based on the experience of several countries, it
is clear that they are interested in having a core set of indicators as
well as working toward the development of linkages and aggregation in
key areas. Broad based voluntary national implementation and testing of
indicators should continue.
Key areas of future work should continue to
include (1) updating of policy issue and themes for revision of the
indicators, (2) refinement of the core set of indicators, (3) harmonize
and standardize methodologies and their capture in written form, and (4)
strengthening data collection to support indicators, including assessing
national capacities.
IX. Other Business (future meetings)
DSD announced the preliminary plans to convene a
meeting of the testing countries before the end of this year to discuss
and evaluate the national testing phase. It is furthermore anticipated
that a final meeting of the Expert Group will be convened in early 2000
to finalize the revised framework, indicator set and any changes to the
related methodology sheets.
DSD reminded participants of the CSD session in
2001 focusing on
Chapter 40 of Agenda 21: Information for Decision-Making, and
encouraged the Expert Group to provide any inputs or suggestions to its
preparation and content of discussion, as they arise.
It was proposed that countries be encouraged to
use CSD indicators and relevant information systems in their reporting
to the Ninth Session of the CSD as well as in the 10 year review of
Agenda 21 to take place in 2002.
ANNEX 1:
AGENDA
Item 1: Opening of the Meeting and Adoption of
the Agenda
Item 2: Current Status of the Work Programme -
Report by the Secretariat of National Reports on Testing of CSD
Indicators of Sustainable Development
Item 3: Discussion and Comments on Analysis (Key
Issues and Problems to be addressed)
Item 4: Further Implementation of the CSD
Programme on Indicators of Sustainable Development (including procedure
for revision of the framework and related methodology sheets)
Item 5: Proposals for Technical Cooperation with
Selected Testing Countries
Item 6: Discussion of UNCSD Study on Linkages and
Aggregation
Item 7: Other Business (future meetings)
Item 8: Adoption of the Conclusions and
Recommendations
Item 9: Close of Meeting
ANNEX 2:
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
1. Ms. Alessandra Alfieri
Statistician
Environment, Energy and Industrial Statistics Branch
Statistics Division
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
2 UN Plaza, Room DC2-1658
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 963-4590
Fax: (212) 963-0623
2. Mr. Jan Bakkes
Head, UNEP Collaborating Centre for Assessment, Reporting and
Forecasting
National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
P.O. Box 1
3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
Tel.: (31-30) 274-3112
Fax: (31-30 ) 274-4435
3. Ms. Alice Born
Chief, Environmental Surveys and Administration Data
National Accounts and Environment Division
Systems of National Account Branch
Statistics Canada
RH Coats Building
Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa
Ontario, Canada K1A 0T6
Tel.: (613) 951-3728
4. Mr. Han Chol O
Food Security and Sustainable Development Division
Economic Commission for Africa
P.O. Box 3001
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Tel.: (251-1) 517-200
Fax: (251-1) 510-350/514-416
5. Mr. Tom Crowards
Research Economist
Social and Economic Research Unit
Caribbean Development Bank
P.O. Box 408, Wildey
St. Michael, Barbados, W.I.
Tel.: (24-6) 431-1600/431-1953 (direct)
Fax: (24-6) 426-7269
6. Mr. Arthur Dahl
Coordinator, UN System-wide Earthwatch
Deputy Assistant Executive Director
Division of Environment Information and Assessment
United Nations Environment Programme
GEC, 15 Chemin des Anémones
CH-1219 Chatelaine, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel.: (41-22) 979-9207
Fax: (41-22) 797-3471
7. Mr. John Dixon
Program Team Leader
Environmental Economics and Indicators
Environment Department
The World Bank - MC5-105
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433, United States
Tel.: (202) 473-8594
Fax: (202) 522-1735
8. Ms. Cecile Dormoy
Department of Studies and Synthesis (DES)
French Institute for the Environment (IFEN)
61 bd A. Martin 45058 Orleans Cedex 1
Orleans, France
Tel.: (33-2) 3879-7878
Fax: (33-2) 3879-7870
9. Ms. Katalin Gieri
Statistician
Environment, Energy and Industrial Statistics Branch
Statistics Division
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
2 UN Plaza, Room DC2-1660
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 963-0342
Fax: (212) 963-0623
10. Mr. Peter Gilruth
Technical Advisor
Environmental Information Systems
Office to Combat Desertification and Drought
United Nations Development Programme
304 East 45th Street, Room FF-954
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 906-6622
Fax: (212) 906-6345
11. Ms. Asa Granados
Senior Programme Officer
Basel Convention on the Control of the Transboundary Movements of
Hazardous
Wastes and Other Wastes and their Disposal
Case postale 356, 15, Chemin des Anemones
CH-1219 Chatelaine, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel.: (41-22) 979-9218
Fax: (41-22) 797-3454
12. Ms. Isabelle Guinomet
European Commission
21, rue JP Koenig
L-1865 Luxembourg
Tel.: (35-2) 225-931
Fax: (35-2) 4301-37316
13. Mr. Peter Hardi
Senior Fellow and Director
International Institute for Sustainable Development
161 Portage Avenue East
Winnipeg MB, R3B 0Y4 Canada
Tel.: (204) 958-7731
Fax: (204) 958-7710
14. Ms. Eszter Horvath
Officer-in-Charge
Environment, Energy and Industrial Statistics Branch
Statistics Division
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
2 UN Plaza, Room DC2-1652
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 963-4571
Fax: (212) 963-0623
15. Ms. Anne Kerr
Director
Indicators Branch
State of the Environment Directorate
Environment Canada
9th Floor, Place Vincent Massey
351 St. Joseph Boulevard
Hull, Quebec K1A 0H3, Canada
Tel.: (819) 994-9570
Fax: (819) 994-5738
16. Mr. Arshad M. Khan
Planning and Economic Studies Section
Department of Nuclear Energy
International Atomic Energy Agency
P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
Tel.: (43-1) 2600- 22787
Fax: (43-1) 2600-29598
17. Mr. Mohammad Aslam Khan
Environmental Affairs Officer
Environment Section
Environment and Natural Resources Management Division
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
United Nations Building
Rajdamnern Avenue
Bangkok 10200, Thailand
Tel.: (66-2) 282-9161
Fax: (66-2) 282-9602
18. Mr. Jock Martin
European Environment Agency
Kongens Nytorv 6
DK-1050 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Tel.: (45-33) 367-120
Fax: (45-33) 367-199
19. Mr. Richard Moss
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
901 D Street, SW, Suite 900
Washington, DC 20024-2115, United States
Tel: (202) 646-5031
Fax: (202) 646-5233/7845
20. Mr. Francesco Pisano
Head, Management Support Unit
Secretariat of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)
United Nations
Palais des Nations, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel.: (41-22) 798-6894
Fax: (41-22) 733-8695
21. Ms. Vivien Ponniah
Senior Officer, Policy Branch
United Nations Population Fund
220 East 42nd Street - DN 1737
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 297-5286
Fax: (212) 297-4915
22. Ms. Cecile Rechatin
French Institute for the Environment (IFEN)
61 bd A. Martin 45058 Orleans Cedex 1
Orleans, France
Tel.: (33-2) 3879-7878
Fax: (33-2) 3879-7870
23. Mr. Julian Roche
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
19 Doe Copse Way
New Milton, Hampshire BH25 5GN, United Kingdom
Tel.: (44-1425) 621-203
Fax: (44-1425) 615-199
24. Mr. Paul Rump
Consultant
409 Arnold Road, RR2
Waterville, Nova Scotia B0P 1V0, Canada
Tel.: (902) 538-0607
Fax: (902) 538-0601
25. Ms. Lisa Segnestam
Environmental Economics and Indicators
Environment Department
The World Bank - MC5-105
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433, United States
Tel: (202) 473-7108
Fax: (49-202) 522-1735
26. Mr. Henk A. Selling, Ph.D.
Waste Technology/NEFW
Division of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology
International Atomic Energy Agency
Wagramerstrasse 5
P.O. Box 100
A-1400 Vienna, Austria
Tel.: (43-1) 2600-22607
Fax: (43-1) 260-07
27. Ms. Reena Shah
Statistician
Environment, Energy and Industrial Statistics Branch
Statistics Division
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
2 UN Plaza, Room DC2-1656
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 963-4586
Fax: (212) 963-0623
28. Mr. Sean Southey
Capacity 21
Sustainable Energy and Environment Division
United Nations Development Programme
304 East 45th Street, Room FF-1038
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 906-5716
Fax: (212) 906-6973
29. Mr. Joachim Spangenberg
Program Director
Sustainable Societies Program
Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
Doeppersberg 19
D 42 103 Wuppertal, Germany
Tel.: (49-202) 2492-128
Fax: (49-202) 2492-138
30. Dr. Tim Stuart
Senior Advisor
Office of Policy
Environment Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W., MC 2164
Washington, D.C. 20460
Tel.: (202) 260-0725
Fax: (202) 260-4968
31. Mr. Jeff B. Tschirley
Senior Officer
Environment and Sustainable Development Coordinating Centre
Food and Agriculture Organization
Via delle Terme di Caracalla
00100 Rome, Italy
Tel.: (39-06) 5705-3450
Fax: (39-06) 5705-3369
32. Dr. Yasmin E.R. von Schirnding
Director a.i.
Office of Global and Integrated Environmental Health
World Health Organization
20 Avenue Appia
1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
Tel.: (41-22) 791-2111
Fax: (41-22) 791-4123
33. Mrs. Tereza Votockova
Czech Environmental Institute
Vrsovicka 65, 100 10 Praha 10
Czech Republic
Tel.: (42-02) 6712-2678
Fax: (42-02) 7173-7721
DIVISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
34. Ms. JoAnne DiSano
Director
Division for Sustainable Development
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
2 UN Plaza, Room DC2-2220
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 963-0902
Fax: (212) 963-4260
35. Mr. Lowell Flanders
Assistant Director
Institutions, National Information and Major Groups Branch
Division for Sustainable Development
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
2 UN Plaza, Room DC2-2242
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 963-8809
Fax: (212) 963-1267
36. Ms. Mary Pat Silveira
Chief
National Information Analysis Unit
Institutions, National Information and Major Groups Branch
Division for Sustainable Development
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
2 UN Plaza, Room DC2-2234
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 963-8428
Fax: (212) 963-1267
37. Mr. Michael Willingham
Advisor on Strategic Policy Development and Information
Institutions, National Information and Major Groups Branch
Division for Sustainable Development
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
2 UN Plaza, Room DC2-2246
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 963-8796
Fax: (212) 963-1267
38. Ms. Kirsten Rohrmann
Technical Advisor on Sustainable Development
Institutions, National Information and Major Groups Branch
Division for Sustainable Development
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
2 UN Plaza, Room DC2-2260
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 963-2137
Fax: (212) 963-1267
39. Ms. Birgitte Bryld
Focal Point for Indicators of Sustainable Development
Institutions, National Information and Major Groups Branch
Division for Sustainable Development
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
2 UN Plaza, Room DC2-2254
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 963-8400
Fax: (212) 963-1267
40. Ms. Catherine Rubbens
Associate Expert
Socio-Economic Policies, Finance and Technology Branch
Division for Sustainable Development
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
2 UN Plaza, Room DC2-2288
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 963-5243
Fax: (212) 963-4260
41. Ms. Tiina Vahanen
Associate Expert
National Information Analysis Unit
Division for Sustainable Development
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
2 UN Plaza, Room DC2-2240
New York, N.Y. 10017, United States
Tel.: (212) 963-3262
Fax: (212) 963-1267
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