Monday
12th May
Briefing
on Indigenous Youth Issues and Support for a Second Decade
on Indigenous Peoples
The International Indian Treaty Council hosted this event.
Ms Elisabeth Garrett addressed the group as the Chairperson
of the Indigenous Youth Caucus and spoke about issues
of concern to children and youth, noting in particular
that the USA and Somalia are yet to ratify the Convention
on the Rights of the Child. She also spoke of the contamination
of breast milk caused by persistent organic pollutants
in the environment.
Mr. Antonio Gonzales spoke about environmental health
issues, particularly the impact of mercury contamination
on Indigenous Peoples as a result of gold mining. UNEP
was called upon to include Indigenous Peoples in its newly-formed
working group and to prepare studies to take action on
Indigenous health conditions attributed to mercury contamination.
There was broad support among the meeting for the Permanent
Forum's adoption of a recommendation that would extend
the existing Decade on Indigenous Peoples for a further
ten years to ensure that outstanding work could be completed,
and to include the implementation of the Millennium Development
Goals in the work plan for the Decade.
The
Finnmark Bill
This briefing was provided by members of the Norwegian
Saami Parliament and outlined the 23-year process that
has given rise to the Finnmark Bill. Finnmark County covers
some 47,000 square kilometers in the northernmost part
of Norway where Saami constitute a majority of the population
in many municipalities.
The speakers pointed out that after 23 years of negotiations
with the Saami People, the Norwegian Government announced
in April 2003 that it had "chosen to present a totally
new model of its own, not based on any of the previous
suggestions." The Norwegian Government was advocating
a policy of equal treatment of all citizens in Finnmark
County, rather than any special measures for Saami. Based
on statements by the Norwegian Government, the Bill was
designed to set out a means of sharing the land so that
everyone in Finnmark County have access to its natural
resources, and a set of rules to resolve conflict with
Saami People.
The manner in which the Norwegian Government had handled
this matter has caused great concern amongst the members
of the Saami Parliament as rather than strengthening their
rights and safeguarding their culture, they believed it
would further disempower them and expose their territories
to greater development pressures. As a result, the Saami
Parliamentarians were working to persuade the Norwegian
Parliament to redraft the Bill to reflect the spirit and
substance of the fruitful negotiations to date.
OHCHR-UN
Voluntary Fund on Indigenous Populations and the UN Voluntary
Fund for the International Decade of the World's Indigenous
People
At this meeting the secretariat of the Funds and Boards
of Trustees together with the Chairpersons of both Boards,
informed the participants on the mandate of the Funds
and their activities. Relevant documents were also distributed,
including application forms.
The UN Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Populations was established
by the General Assembly in 1985 to provide financial assistance
to representatives of indigenous communities and organizations
to participate in the deliberations of the Working Group
on Indigenous Populations. The General Assembly later
extended this mandate so that the Fund can also assist
indigenous representatives to attend sessions of the Working
Group of the Commission of Human Rights on the Draft UN
Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the
Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.
The UN Voluntary Fund for the International Decade of
the World's Indigenous People was established by the General
Assembly in 1993 to fund initiatives during the Decade.
This Fund provides project grants for indigenous communities
and organizations.
Tuesday
13th May
Future
Possibilities for Collaboration Between Indigenous Peoples
and the World Bank
This briefing by the World Bank was co-chaired by Mr.
Viktor Kaisiepo (an Indigenous Leader from Dewan Adat
Papua) and Mr. Ian Johnson (World Bank Vice President
for the Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development).
The session was organized as a follow-up to the October
2002 Roundtable and the February 2003 meeting in which
there was agreement that there would be annual discussions
between Indigenous Peoples and the World bank around the
time of the Permanent Forum. There was also agreement
that this discussion would be used as an opportunity to
review ongoing and future collaborations.
The
Leech and the Earthworm: Genetic Technologies and its
Relevance to Indigenous Peoples' Issues - Film
The Indigenous Peoples Council on Bio-Colonialism screened
this film. It provided a forum for Indigenous peoples
to voice their views on Western science - its vision of
a genetically engineered future and its inter-relationship
with corporate profits, globalization and colonization.
Combining passionate critiques of our potential futures
and living alternatives to the globalize monoculture with
music and visuals from around the world, this film sought
to inspire and educate the audience to ask serious questions
of 'the collective illusion we call progress'. For more
information visit www.ipcb.org
Briefing
by Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights and Fundamental
Freedoms of Indigenous Peoples, Mr. Rodolfo Stavenhagen
Mr. Stavenhagen provided an overview of his mandate from
the Commission on Human Rights, following his appointment
in 2001. He explained that he has sought to focus on a
key thematic issue in his annual reports to the CHR, commencing
with major development projects that impact on Indigenous
rights in his April 2003 report, and following with his
next report on the administration of justice and human
rights violations within national justice systems. Mr.
Stavenhagen took the opportunity to call on Indigenous
Peoples to provide him with information on their experiences
of their national justice systems, and circulated a brief
guide on what type of information is most useful.
Whilst the Special Rapporteur is only able to make formal
visits to States that invite him (such as his recent visits
to Guatemala and the Philippines), he stressed that informal
visits are also possible if Indigenous Peoples invite
him. Most recently this type of invitation has allowed
him to draw the CHR's attention to Indigenous human rights
concerns in Botswana, Japan and Canada. Both official
and unofficial visits are critical to his ability to have
a direct dialogue with Indigenous Peoples, and to take
up their concerns with the CHR and Governments.
Welcoming
Reception and Opening of the Art Exhibition of the PFII
This celebratory event drew many of the delegates away
from the conference room to enjoy a much-needed break
from the hard work of the Forum and a chance to socialize.
As one of the speakers commented, the exhibition was proof
that the Forum is not just about writing reports and drafting
resolutions, rather it is an opportunity to look at other
expressions of the rights and issues of concern to Indigenous
Peoples. Surrounded by stunning portrait photographs of
Indigenous Peoples from around the world, sculpture and
wood carvings, examples of traditional dress and a diverse
range of both traditional and contemporary Indigenous
paintings, to name but a few of the artworks on display,
delegates were treated to performances by a range of musicians.
The evocative sounds of an Australian Aboriginal didgeridoo
player were followed by an Alaskan welcoming song, a Saami
song from the Forum Chairman, a blessing from Masai delegates
who even inspired some audience participation, and concluded
with a lively Ecuadorian band. As the Chairman commented
in his speech, it is often through our art that we reveal
our innermost feelings and communicate most effectively
with the rest of the world. This opening was a time to
enjoy, to be inspired by and to celebrate with Indigenous
Peoples.
Wednesday
14 May
Labor Rights of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples
This event was hosted by the International Labor Office
to familiarize participants with the ILO's work on indigenous
and tribal peoples, taking into account both ILO standards
and technical assistance. John Langmore, Director of the
ILO's New York liaison office, chaired the event. The
principal speakers were Mr. Lee Swepston (Chief, Equality
and Employment Branch, ILO Geneva) and Marianne Jensen
(Chief Technical Adviser, ILO Project to Promote ILO Policy
on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples). Mary Simat from the
organization MAWEED, Kenya presented a concrete example
of an activity, supported by this project. The topics
covered concentrated on ILO standards on indigenous and
tribal peoples, and technical assistance benefiting them.
Convention No. 169 is the only international convention
dealing specifically with indigenous peoples. It is still
open for ratification, with 17 States having ratified
it and others considering doing so. The broad scope of
the convention is a result of the participation of other
parts of the UN system and indigenous representatives
in its development. The major findings from supervising
the Convention's application are lack of real consultation
with indigenous and tribal peoples before taking action
that affects them, and lack of protection of indigenous
land rights - both of which are required by the Convention.
Beyond the Convention, the ILO works for indigenous and
tribal peoples in other ways through a number of other
ILO Conventions that relate to indigenous peoples as workers,
or deal with child labor, discrimination, promotion of
cooperatives etc.
America's
Last Frontier - Short Film
This screening was hosted by the American Indian Law Alliance
and Thunderstorm. Focusing on one of the world's last
wild places, this film told the story of the Indigenous
people of the Gwich'in Nation who are working to protect
their territories from protracted oil drilling in the
Artic National Wildlife Refuge. The film put a personal
face on the importance of human rights regarding the use,
protection and management of the natural resources of
Indigenous Peoples.
Following the film, a panel of Indigenous leaders outlined
some examples of best practice natural resource management
on Indian territory. Other panelists from UN Agencies
such as UNEP and the CSD, as well of members of the Permanent
Forum, discussed how partnership arrangements are being
developed with Indigenous Peoples to protect their lands
and resources for future generations.
Indigenous
Children and Youth Meeting
Anna Pinto (COIH/CORE) and Elisabeth Garrett (Indigenous
Youth Caucus) hosted this event. Ms Ida Nicholaison addressed
the meeting in her capacity as the focal point on the
Permanent Forum for children and youth issues. She outlined
some of the challenges facing the Forum and invited participants
to suggest appropriate strategies to address them. One
suggestion was to organize a meeting for Indigenous youth
prior to the next Permanent Forum so their recommendations
can be fed into the main meeting. This might also provide
an opportunity for Elders and Members of the Forum to
brief and mentor Indigenous youth on the methods of work
of the Forum.
There was agreement among participants that if the Permanent
Forum is committed to giving Indigenous youth a voice
and empowering them, that requires a significant presence
of youth delegates and the opportunity for meaningful
input into the Forum's work as experts on these issues.
Youth participants in the audience were interested in
working towards the nomination of a youth representative
to the Permanent Forum to more effectively promote and
raise Indigenous youth issues within the UN system.
The meeting was informed of the existence of an interactive
computer resource that has been developed by the UN for
primary and secondary school age children and their teachers,
and can be accessed at www.cyberschoolbus.un.org This
site provides resources on global issues and can also
be used as a direct communication point for Indigenous
youth from around the world. Managers of the site are
open to suggestions about adaptation of the site to better
meet the needs of Indigenous youth.
Documentary
on the First Session of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous
Issues
This 2.5-hour documentary was filmed and produced by Rebecca
Sommer for Threatened Peoples International. It is a visual
and oral report from an IPO and an NGO perspective on
the First Session of the Permanent Forum. It aims to capture
the voices of Indigenous peoples themselves at this historic
First Session, and to encourage more indigenous peoples
to become involved in the work of the Forum. Inquiries
about obtaining a copy of the video can be directed to
Rebecca Sommer rebeccasommer@earthlink.net; copies with
subtitles in your own language can be made for NGOs and
IPOs, provided that requestors supply the translation.
Thursday
15 May
American
Indian Community House (AICH)
Youth Council and Indigenous Youth Caucus Youth
Debate: Urban Indigenous Youth and Reservation /Rural
Youth: Advantages & Disadvantages.
This debate
was facilitated by AICH Youth representative Carrese Gullo
(East Cherokee) and Elisabeth Garrett (Cherokee) (Youth
Representative on the High Level Panel Discussion). Chaired
by Elisabeth Garrett, the debate was well attended with
many film crews in the room The topic was on the advantages
and disadvantages of being either an urban indigenous
youth or a reservation/rural Indigenous Youth. Introductions
of representatives from Hawaii, Asia, Aboriginal Australia,
Peru, Africa, and Cherokee were made.
Apache Heather Lightning gave a well-articulated presentation,
focussing on how important it was to remember they were
the Indians of this country and that they were fighting
for their survival as young Indians. Youth from the AICH
delivered statements on work they do with AICH, some of
the programmes they have on youth employment, AIDS, education
programmes. They said it was not easy but they had the
support of their community in New York and that AICH was
a positive place to be in with many other indigenous events
being organized there.
The Hawaiian youth representative talked of the impact
of the tourist industry on native Hawaiians and how it
had seriously damaged the identity of Hawaiian youth,
further that the positive side of the tourist industry
meant that the dance and languages were being revived
because the Hawaiian culture was a commodity of some monetary
value. She pointed out however that this touristic driven
training in Hawaiian dance and their language was not
rooted in community development, but rather to build the
"tourist dollar"
The Aboriginal youth representative speaking to the topic
mentioned how hard it was to go back to his ancestral
lands where his people were from because where he was
from, was all fenced off by the Government and no one
was allowed access to it anymore, further, that it had
been like this for 50yrs, well before his birth. His family
had moved to the city to look for work and education.
He was fortunate in that his uncle still makes and teaches
the digeridoo and therefore he was still able to be taught
Aboriginal customs and thinking. He noted that most Aboriginal
youth want to link back with their roots and that the
didgeridoo was an important link for them in the city
because it was all they had. He noted that tourist outlets
used his people as tourist attractions but did not know
how to recognize their right to their lands, resources,
and languages. That their youth were in crisis because
of racist Australian policies.
The Asian representative spoke of problems in Nepal because
of civil war and divisions amongst the indigenous peoples.
His language was still being spoken in the mountains and
also in the city, but the gap between young and old was
widening because it's essential for people to go to the
city for work or to sell their vegetables and craft. Modern
cheap versions of what they spend many hours weaving or
making by hand were impacted on and took away the livelihood
and knowledge of years of practice The Peruvian spokesperson
spoke from the floor, congratulating the Side Event for
indigenous youth and said that they should network and
talk outside of this forum because he did not trust the
objectives of governments. The African spokesperson also
spoke from the floor, making similar comments as his Peruvian
friend. Feedback from the participants was lively and
animated. Many of the indigenous organizations congratulated
those of the panelists on their initiative to hold such
a debate for youth, because they were essential to the
future work of indigenous peoples rights in the international
community.
Filming of the event was carried out.
Briefing
on the UN Housing Rights Programme
This event, jointly hosted by Mr. Sleman Erguden (UN-HABITAT)
and Ms Isabell Kempf (OHCHR), provided an overview of
this programme, which is a joint initiative of the two
agencies. It was launched in 2002 and is designed to assist
States with their commitments under international human
rights law generally, and the Habitat Agenda in particular,
to ensure the full and progressive realization of the
right to adequate housing. It operates as a fundamental
tool for the Global Campaign to Secure Tenure and is implemented
in close cooperation with the Special Rapporteur on Housing
and relevant UN treaty bodies.
The programme is currently circulating a questionnaire
on Indigenous Peoples' housing rights amongst over 180
Indigenous Peoples' organizations in English, Spanish
and French. The study will provide a compilation of information,
an analysis of the existing situation and a forward looking
perspective on actions at various levels which can contribute
to improvements in the lives of Indigenous Peoples. Particular
attention is being paid to the housing rights of Indigenous
women. It is recognized that the right to housing must
be delivered in a manner that recognizes and respects
the distinct lifestyles and practices of Indigenous Peoples
if appropriate legislation and policies are to be developed
at the national level. Responses to the questionnaire
are sought by 7 July 2003 and more information is available
at www.unhabitat.org/programmes/housingrights
Remedies:
Healing the Earth - Short Film
This event was jointly hosted by UNDP (Mr. Pierre Quiblier,
Liaison Officer, NYO) and the Heifer Project International
(Dr James De Vries, Vice President for International Programs
and Dr Mahendra Lohani, Asia and South Pacific Program
Director). It provided Heifer International an opportunity
to screen the short film, Remedies: Healing the Earth
by award-winning producer, Dick Young. The film showed
farmers who have benefited from the work of Heifer in
a range of countries. Farmers improved their livelihood,
while at the same time improving the environment.
Following this introduction, Heifer International briefed
participants on its work over the last 59 years to address
hunger, poverty and environmental degradation in grass-roots
communities by providing gifts of farm animals and training
in their care. Heifer emphasizes care for the earth's
natural resources through training in livestock management,
pasture improvement, soil conservation, forestation and
water harvesting. The simple requirement that each recipient
pass on to others some of the offspring of the farm animals
they receive has assisted many communities in over 115
countries to become self-sustaining and to do so with
dignity rather than dependence. For more information on
Heifer's work, visit www.heifer.org
Indigenous
Peoples and the Information Society
This seminar panel featured Special Ambassador for the
World Summit on the Information Society (Mr. Guy-Oliver
Segond), UN Permanent Forum members (Mr. Fotunato Turpo
and Mr. Marco Matias), the Head of the Canadian Delegation
to the Forum (Mr. John Sinclair), the Congress of Aboriginal
Peoples (Mr. Jay Roberts), the Inuit Tapariit Kanatami
(Mr. Craig Clark), and the Department of Indian and Northern
Affairs/Aboriginal Canada Portal Working Group (Mr. Ian
McArthur).
Much of the discussion with the panel focused on the need
to increase Indigenous participation in the December 2003
WSIS Summit. There was considerable support for the proposal
to hold a one-day Indigenous Information Summit immediately
preceding the main Summit. The Aboriginal Canadian Portal
Working Group (a collective of 9 government departments
and 6 national Indigenous organizations that manage ICT
issues in Canada) volunteered to facilitate and champion
such an "Indigenous Peoples and the Information Society"
session. The ACP also offered to assist other countries
to develop internet portals based on partnerships between
government and indigenous peoples. Other issues raised
during panel discussions that are affecting Indigenous
peoples regardless of their location were the need to:
* extend telecom infrastructure to communities;
* create Indigenous content;
* develop and deploy on-line social services and e-commerce;
and
* promote computer literacy and on-line skills.
Friday
16th May
Mining the Heart, Lungs and Blood of Our Mother - Short
film hosted by the Indigenous Environmental Network and
Tebtebba Foundation
Joji Carino (Tebtebba Foundation) presented this short
film, which examined the adverse health and environmental
impacts of mining on Indigenous communities in West Papua
and the Pueblo Indian Communities of New Mexico, USA.
It highlighted the fact that extractive mining industries
in these countries impact on not only on the Indigenous
peoples working in them, but as a result of the environmental
degradation they cause, there are a range of serious health
impacts, especially for women and children, and a general
disruption of the economic viability of entire communities.
Following the screening, the audience discussed the need
for Indigenous communities who are experiencing similar
problems to create networks amongst themselves so there
can be a more strategic and concerted response to what
is already a global problem.
Indigenous
Peoples' Follow-Up to the World Summit on Sustainable
Development (WSSD)
This briefing session was jointly hosted by Tebtebba Foundation
(Ms. Vicky Tauli Corpuz) and the Indigenous Peoples' Caucus
of the Commission on Sustainable Development. Participants
were updated on the key outcomes of the WSSD that are
directly related to the work of the Permanent Forum including:
Johannesburg Declaration from the WSSD, which "reaffirmed
the vital role of Indigenous Peoples in sustainable development";
* Johannesburg Plan of Action (JPOI);
* Kimberley Declaration and the Indigenous Peoples' Plan
of Implementation, prepared by the Indigenous Peoples'
Caucus attending the WSSD; and
* 11th Session of the CSD, which established the future
programme, organization and methods of work of the CSD
for the next 12 years to implement the JPOI.
Other members
of the panel were:
* Ms Lucy Mulenkei (African Women's Indigenous Organisation),
who spoke about the difficulties of involving African
Indigenous Peoples in the WSSD and the importance of donor
support to ensure broader African participation in future
conferences;
* Mr. Marcial Arias (International Alliance of Indigenous/Tribal
Peoples of the Tropical Forests) who provided an update
on the work of the UN Permanent Forum on Forests (PFF),
noting that the focus in 2004 will be on forests and traditional
knowledge;
* His Excellency Ambassador Tyge Lehman (Ambassador of
Denmark) and Ms Tove Sovndahl Pedersen (Adviser to Greenland
Home Rule Government), who outlined the Partnership on
Indigenous Peoples Rights and Sustainable Development,
Capacity Building for Dialogue. This partnership was launched
in Johannesburg under the leadership of the Government
of Denmark and the Home Rule Government of Greenland,
together with representatives of Indigenous organizations;
like-minded countries, institutions and organizations.
It aims to promote Indigenous Peoples' rights across UN
agencies and exchange information on good policies and
practices that advance Indigenous rights and contributions
to sustainable development. Following its launch, a workshop
was held in Copenhagen in March 2003 to identify a range
of specific activities and actions to build the partnership
relationship. Visit www.um.dk for a report of the workshop
and information about becoming involved in the partnership.
The
Health of Indigenous Children and Youth
This interactive briefing and meeting with Permanent Forum
members (Ms Ida Nicolaison and Ms Mililani Trask) was
organized by the Committee on Indigenous Health. It provided
an opportunity for members of the Forum and the Indigenous
Children and Youth Caucus to discuss recent developments
in relation to the health of Indigenous children, including
new reports from the Committee on Indigenous Health. Some
of the topics discussed included reproductive health,
HIV/AIDS, traditional healers, the gendered aspect of
Indigenous health knowledge, violence against Indigenous
children, slavery and trafficking in Indigenous children,
mental health, environmental health, as well as the work
of WHO and the Pan American Health Organisation in relation
to Indigenous children. The discussions that followed
assisted participants in formulating their recommendations
to the Permanent Forum in relation to the agenda item
on health.
Indigenous
Peoples' Right to Self-Determination as Perceived by Civil
Society
This event was hosted by CAPAJ and the Secretariat for
the World Civil Society Forum. Participants were briefed
on the World Civil Society Forum that took place in Geneva
in July 2002. The Forum aimed to promote co-operation
across civil society organizations around the world, especially
those working in developing countries and with indigenous
peoples. The Forum also sought to foster an ongoing dialogue
between civil society organizations, international organizations,
UN agencies, governments and the private sector. The Forum
was attended by over one thousand participants (the majority
from developing countries), including NGOs, international
organizations and UN agencies. Ms Mililani Trask represented
the Permanent Forum at the Geneva meeting. In addition
to information and discussion sessions, participants attended
training sessions, workshops, thematic working groups
(including one on 'Indigenous Peoples, Gender and Development'),
a youth forum and cultural activities. A number of the
recommendations from the Forum related to Indigenous Peoples,
the Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
and the right of peoples to self-determination; visit
www.worldcivilsociety.org for details.
Monday
19th May
Indian
Country Today Side Event
Studio 4 was packed with indigenous journalists from the
globe. Jose Borrero chaired the side event and presented
the newspaper Indian Country Today, with an explanation
of what the paper tried to achieve for native Indians
generally. He described the content and the nature of
the paper, stating that the paper tried to capture all
issues important to indigenous peoples, employment, achievements,
notices, announcements, and advertisements. The paper
he said was not different to most papers, but focussed
on indigenous peoples issues. He spoke also of the magazine
Akwesasne, which is a publication from the American House
in Cornell. He noted that this journal was devoted to
serious articles on indigenous politics, issues, legalities
in terms of the US context. He then asked the participants
who were mainly indigenous journalists from print, radio,
television or internet publications, to introduce themselves
and to give a background of their respective journalism.
Many of the journalists talked of the need to have a strong
indigenous network, which could link to mainstream media
and that although there were many websites they are not
really linked with the UN. A journalist noted that they
wanted to be linked to the website that Moana Sinclair
had coordinated in the first session of the Permanent
Forum, 2002 www.indigenousmedia.org That the project of
coordinating 4 indigenous journalists in the First Session
of the Permanent Forum was an important achievement and
that it should be strengthened and developed.
UN
Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues - Short Film
Cultural Survival produced this 35-minute documentary
film to introduce Indigenous communities to the work of
the Permanent Forum and its members. It describes the
mandate of the Forum and showed the members in action
during the historic first session - enabling people to
see the proceedings unfold, and how the Forum is working
to address the many issues confronting Indigenous Peoples.
For more information about Cultural Survival and how to
obtain copies of the video, visit www.cs.org
New
Methods of the Working Group on Indigenous Populations
Mr. Miguel Alfonso Martinez, Chairperson-Rapporteur of
the Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP), invited
interested representatives of Member States, indigenous
peoples and members of the Permanent Forum to participate
in a discussion on new working methods for the WGIP. Participants
were provided with a copy of the draft document produced
by the WGIP Secretariat on new methods of work to stimulate
discussion. The aim of the new working methods is to create
a more inter-active dialogue between Working Group experts,
governments and indigenous peoples, and thereby more effectively
protect and promote the rights of indigenous peoples.
During the discussion amongst participants it was suggested
that the WGIP should cooperate more closely with the human
rights treaty bodies as they have produced important and
concrete recommendations regarding indigenous peoples'
rights in their concluding observations. The Secretariat
of the WGIP informed participants that the OHCHR website
on indigenous issues (www.unhchr.ch/indigenous/main) now
has a section including "latest news" which
provides up-dated information and advanced copies of most
background documents of the WGIP.
Human
Rights as a Cross-Cutting Theme for the Promotion of Indigenous
Issues
This event examined how Indigenous Peoples can develop
strategies for social and economic transformation through
human rights based approaches and human rights education.
The panel of experts consisted of Shulamith Koenig (People's
Movement for Human Rights Education); Kathleen Modrowski
(Anthropologist, Long Island University); Craig Mokhiber
(Acting Deputy Director, OHCHR New York Office); and Clarence
Dias (Institute of Law in Development).
It was noted there are development 'predators' and 'victims',
with Indigenous Peoples tending to fall into the latter
category. This disparity has been heightened by the process
of globalization and the associated commercialization
of the natural environment and traditional knowledge.
However, existing human rights instruments can act as
a shield against the further victimization of Indigenous
Peoples. Rights based approaches that emphasis meaningful
participation, accountability, non-discrimination, attention
to vulnerability, empowerment and explicit linkage to
international human rights instruments and standards offer
the best hope of avoiding unintentional harm to Indigenous
communities and fostering their true development.
Panelists stressed the importance of existing human rights
legal instruments (such as the International Bill of Rights)
as legally binding standards that Indigenous Peoples can
use to bring governments to account. These instruments
and standards can be incorporated into development plans
and used as a vehicle for social transformation and empowerment,
providing Indigenous Peoples are joint partners with governments
and agencies in the development, implementation and monitoring
of these plans. It was also noted that any education or
development program will only be effective if it is inclusive
of the rights, needs and aspirations of Indigenous Peoples
and expressed in a language and terminology that they
understand and relate to.
Briefing
on the Copenhagen Meeting on the Draft Declaration on
the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (the DD)
This briefing was chaired by Mr. Hjalmar Dahl (Inuit Circumpolar
Conference) and provided an opportunity for delegates
to discuss the conclusions and recommendations of the
Indigenous Peoples' meeting on the DD that took place
in Copenhagen from 3-5th May, 2003. The Copenhagen Meeting
was prompted by the slow progress of the Working Group
on the Draft Declaration (WGDD) over the last 8 years,
and the concern on the part of those Indigenous organizations
and individuals who attended, that unanimous support for
the final text may not be achieved.
Among the points of discussion at this briefing was the
conclusion at the Copenhagen Meeting that "if the
Declaration cannot obtain unanimity in the WGDD, it might
prove necessary to adopt it on the basis of substantial
support among Indigenous Peoples and participating states
in the WGDD." The Copenhagen Meeting agreed on some
principles and criteria to guide future discussions on
the DD, which were also discussed and debated at this
briefing. There was also a call by some delegates for
the OAS Declaration to be brought before the Permanent
Forum for review before it is finalized. The Copenhagen
Meeting document will also be presented on approval at
the 9th Session of the WGDD in Geneva in September 2003,
and other relevant meetings and fora.
Tuesday
20th May
The Revival of Indigenous Languages: New Zealand and Ecuador's
Experience Today
New Zealand Maori Presentation of Maori Language
Reclamation Ecuadorian Presentation of their Indigenous
language Reclamation
This side event was done in collaboration with Ecuador.
The idea was to demonstrate best practices in governance.
Presentations from indigenous peoples representatives
from both New Zealand and Ecuador involved in reclaiming
their indigenous languages, were given. By having the
two countries give their experiences, the idea was to
show the experiences of a developed country, New Zealand
and a developing country, Ecuador.
Maori
Presentation
The event began with a mihi (acknowledgement of the history
and genealogy of the world's beginnings and its relevance
to the presentation) Three Maori representatives presented.
The event was held in Conference room 2 with translation
in Spanish and English. Dr Cathy Irwin, from the Kohanga
Reo Trust (Language Nest Trust) gave a paper on the Reclamation
and survival of the Maori Language in New Zealand today.
Te Toki Black and Phillip Marshall both from the Kohanga
Reo Trust, New Zealand, assisted Dr Irwin.
Four Maori also assisted with a waiata (song) after the
presentation, they were, Adriana Edwards, a lecturer from
Auckland Law School, Moana Sinclair from the secretariat
for the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Sarah Smith
from the New Zealand Mission to the UN and John Paki,
Deputy Director from the Ministry of Maori Development,
New Zealand. A background for the paper started with how
the Maori Language Reclamation began, starting with Maori
mothers and grandmothers taking back control of their
children and grandchildren's education, The Reclamation
of Maori Language Movement via the Kohanga Reo (Language
Nest) from a time when Maori children were punished for
speaking their mother tongue.
In forty years from the 1963 - 2003 Maori language reclamation
contributed to,
* Nation building of Maori and non Maori
* Self - determination and Maori control and realization
of the dreams of Maori ancestors
* The development of the existing leadership of elders;
* Development of policy on Maori issues, excluding ideas
of assimilation or integration;
* Maori social theory, not deficit or cultural derivation
theories;
* Initiatives that are authentic articulations of Maori
knowledge which exist in Maori families, sub-tribes and
tribes;
* The promotion of Maori becoming native speakers or fluent
second language speakers;
* The harnessing of `the power of the people' through
family development;
* A future so that Maori are able to sustain authentic
intergenerational, lifelong learning for centuries to
come.
Slides were
shown on the overhead projector. The event was well-attended
including New Zealand government officials. A Q and A
was given after each presentation with participants and
observers eager to share their experiences in their particular
countries or organizations. A UNESCO representative attended
and said it was an important project of UNESCO's to identify
all languages under threat of being lost.
Ecuador
Presentation
The Ecuadorian representative was Mr. Blas Chimbo.
He talked of how the indigenous languages throughout South
America were still being used in every day life, but that
they as a people were for the most part dealing with literacy
issues, also that he thought it was important to have
literacy in both indigenous languages and the dominant
language, so although their language was still the main
language being used, they were concerned with the basics
of getting a rudimentary education. Indigenous language
in Ecuador is not a priority because its still being used
a lot but in isolation, not in mainstream matters. They
were concerned about getting more indigenous peoples educated
in a general way.
The assistance they had from the government of Ecuador
was limited in regard to assisting them with keep their
indigenous language thriving. They said they needed specific
programs. They noted also that many indigenous peoples
speak Spanish and Spanish would override their indigenous
language eventually and that already the indigenous language
is becoming more and more a mix of Spanish and the indigenous
language. They noted also that the Government was slow
to incorporate their indigenous languages into the national
education plan.
The two different presentations highlighted the gap between
the developed and developing countries in terms of how
to protect the human rights of indigenous peoples. What
emerged was the international standard setting that is
essential in order to address the gaps that exist between
the developed and developing countries. When drawing conclusions
it seems clear from the presentations, that in the process
of being developed as is the category the New Zealand
Maori fall into, the indigenous language is still under
threat regardless of being from a developed country because
such is the impact of the dominant culture and education
and then in the experience of being an indigenous people
from a developing country, indigenous languages are also
under threat, because if one follows through the process
of development as defined by a western paradigm, the people
will at some point be educated into the western paradigm.
It is a question of time before their language is lost,
unless measures, programs, plans of action are put into
place at the national level and monitored by international
mechanisms such as the UN agencies work. Indigenous languages
cannot be seen as separated out from other aspects of
indigenous cultures, they are all inextricably linked.
The
Role of Education in the Advancement of Languages, Cultures
and Science
This event was jointly hosted by the Saginaw Chippewa
Indian Tribe and Central Michigan University, who are
working together on initiatives to integrate Indigenous
science and knowledge into the mainstream education curriculum.
Their common goal is to work collectively with Indigenous
Peoples and mainstream educators to strengthen and validate
Indigenous knowledge systems and research methodology
within the education system at all levels. To further
this goal, these two groups are jointly hosting an 'Indigenous
Ways of Knowing Conference' to be held at both Michigan
University and on the reservation in October 2003. For
further information contact Wilma Henry at whenry@sagchip.org
or Ms Lungie (Ivy) Goduka at goduk1in@cmich.edu
After talking about their own education experience, or
experience as teachers, the participants at this event
agreed it would be beneficial to establish an Indigenous
Educators Caucus and to have this group active for the
PFIII. Some of the common areas of concern were the need
for bilingual education for Indigenous students to reinforce
identity, language and culture; the need for informal
methods of teaching; and the importance of removing racism
in all its forms from school curricula.
Awabakal
YOUTHVISIONS: Aboriginal Youth Multimedia Workshop
The Indigenous youth delegation from Newcastle (New South
Wales, Australia) hosted this event to showcase the collaborative
project they developed as a grassroots initiative to give
voice to some of the issues facing Indigenous youth in
their region. Delegates included Jason De Santolo (Umulliko,
Indigenous Higher Education Research Centre, University
of Newcastle (UoN), Joel Wenitong (Indigenous Health and
Education Unit, UoN) and Astro Brim (Arwarbukarl Cultural
Resource Centre).
They presented a brief documentary titled AwabakalYOUTHVISIONS:
Intervention Report Brief which provided an overview of
the history of the Awabakal community and discussed key
Indigenous Youth initiatives including the School to Work
Orientation Program (SWOP), the Experienced Hands Project
and hip-hop music therapy workshops. A talking circle
followed, allowing participants to discuss grassroots
issues and insights raised in the presentation and from
their own communities. A key component of the project
involves taking a message back to the Awabakal (and wider)
community about the Permanent Forum. This will take shape
in the form of a brief documentary as part of a new media
enhanced workshop presentation. It is hoped that this
independent media strategy will form part of ongoing trilogy
that enhances community voices and understanding of Permanent
Forum outcomes. For further information, contact
The
Health of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas
This event was run in parallel to the afternoon session
of the Permanent Forum and was hosted by the Pan American
Health Organization (the WHO regional office for the Americas).
It provided a review of actions underway to address Indigenous
Peoples' health needs and to propose actions for future
work in the Americas. For further information contact
Dr. Rocio Rojas rojasroc@paho.org
Wednesday
21st May
Indigenous Sports - the Upcoming World Festival of Traditional
Games and Sports
Mr. Willie Littlechild hosted this briefing on behalf
of the Permanent Forum. The principal speaker was Mr.
Pierre-Luc Brodeur, Executive Vice President and General
Manager of the 2004 World Festival of Traditional Games
and Sports. Mr. Brodeur explained that a small group of
individuals concerned about the physical condition of
the world's population established the Trim and Fitness
International Sport for All Association (TAFISA) in 1990,
and held the first World Festival of Traditional Games
and Sports in 1994. TAFISA is now in the planning stages
for the fourth such games in August 2004 in Montreal,
Canada. In recognition of the sporting prowess of Indigenous
Peoples, and their significant contribution to the development
of sports that are now practiced by thousands of players
around the world, TAFISA hopes the 2004 Games will provide
Indigenous peoples an opportunity to showcase their sports
and games as well as their cultures. In addition to demonstrations
and competitive events, the Festival also provides an
opportunity for a range of cultural events and workshops
to encourage people to try new sports and appreciate other
cultures. TAFISA has established an Indigenous Advisory
Committee and is working closely with the Mohawk Council
of Kahnawake, the Assembly of First Nations of Canada,
the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Makivik Corporation, the
Metis National Council and the Assembly of First Nations
of Quebec and Labrador. Through sponsorship of the event,
organizers are able to host delegations of up to 10 people
for the duration of their stay to participate in the Games.
For further information about the Games and to apply for
registration of a delegation, visit www.jeuxdumonde.ca
World
Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development
This event was co-hosted by UNESCO (UN Representative,
Mr. Jones Kyazze) and Yachay Wasi (President, Mr. Luis
Delgado) to celebrate World Day for Cultural Diversity
for Dialogue and Development. Panelists included H.E.
Mr. Gert Rosenthal (President, ECOSOC), Ms. Njuma Ekundanayo
(Permanent Forum), and Commissioner Sayu Bhojwani (Major's
Office of Immigrant Affairs, New York City).
To promote the linguistic heritage of humanity and raise
awareness about the vast number of languages that are
endangered, UNESCO, UN Works and the Discovery Communications
Inc. joined forces to co-produce a documentary about nine
of these languages and the people who speak them. The
documentary is also being screened on the Discovery Channel
to raise awareness about this issue with its 100 million
viewers internationally. Following the screening of the
short film, the participants heard from the panelists
about the range of initiatives they are involved in to
promote languages as a key means of safeguarding, transmitting
and promoting cultural heritage. There was an opportunity
for some questions and feedback from the participants.
For more information, visit www.unesco.org and www.un.org/works
Indigenous
Peoples Permanent Delegation to the United Nations
Mr. Kenneth Deer on behalf of the Indigenous Peoples Caucus
hosted this event. Mr. Deer briefed participants on the
increasing involvement of Indigenous Peoples in the work
of the United Nations as more Agencies and treaty bodies
begin to deal directly with Indigenous issues or matters
affecting Indigenous Peoples. Whilst there is now a Secretariat
to the Permanent Forum based in New York, he pointed out
that a permanent office representing Indigenous interests
in Geneva would enable Indigenous peoples to have an ongoing
voice on issues of concern to them as many of the relevant
international agencies and organizations are based in
Geneva. A permanent delegation would also assist in better
coordination, support, monitoring and follow-up on Indigenous
meetings, strategies and activities associated with the
work of the UN. Mr. Deer updated participants on the current
status of this proposal, outlining some of the obstacles
that remain, as well as some of the grounds for optimism.
For further information, contact ippdgeneva@yahoo.com
Indigenous
Peoples' Religious Freedom and Sacred Lands
This event was co-hosted by the Non-Governmental Organizations
Committee on Freedom of Religion or Belief (Moderator,
Mr. Matt Cherry), the Association on American Indian Affairs
Sacred Lands Protection Program (Coordinator, Mr. Guy
Lopez) and the International Indian Treaty Council (Mr.
Alberto Salamando, General Counsel).
The speakers engaged with the participants in a healthy
debate about how Indigenous ways of knowing, being and
doing can gain greater prominence and acceptance as a
means of ensuring the ongoing protection and appreciation
of what is sacred in Indigenous cultures. Some of the
concepts that were touched upon included the subtle and
indirect means by which language can foster racism and
ongoing discrimination; the way in which religions have
created division by devaluing 'difference'; and the principle
of reciprocity and sharing that underpins many Indigenous
cultures. It was noted that whilst the sharing of Indigenous
cultures and spirituality can act as a bridge to mutual
understanding and respect, it could also expose Indigenous
Peoples to new forms of exploitation and appropriation.
Tourism was highlighted as a prime example of the double-edged
sword of cultural exchange as a tool of reconciliation.
Sustainability
and Poverty: The use and reconstruction of cultural diversity
to eradicate poverty and hunger
This evening side event was jointly hosted by COBASE (Mr.
Massimo Pieri, President) and Gherush 92 with the participation
of UNEP (M. Pierre Quiblier, Liaison Officer) and the
World Bank (Mr. Gregory Guldin and Dr. Navin Rai, Coordinator
Indigenous Peoples' Policy). It provided an opportunity
for Mr. Pieri to outline the Diversity as Resource Project
that is designed to put into action the many provisions
in international instruments that aim to eradicate extreme
poverty and achieve sustainable development. The three
key principles underpinning this project are a) solidarity:
to help others to develop, maintain and protect their
own culture, way of living and knowledge systems; b) reparation
for damage and harm done to Indigenous Peoples and the
environment; and negotiation at all stages of the decision-making
process between Indigenous Peoples, local communities,
governments and other key stakeholders. Whilst the project
has a scientific methodology, it works from the premise
that all knowledge is science, including traditional knowledge.
It also accepts that we can no longer have a blind confidence
in the capacity of the environment to regenerate, and
seeks to draw on the knowledge and experience that exists
in the world's cultures to achieve sustainability. Indigenous
Peoples are therefore acknowledged as vital to the sustainability
of the world's biodiversity. Among the outcomes of the
project will be an internet study of environmental best
practice; the construction of a holistic information database
(Gherush 92) to promote traditional knowledge and methods
for the sustainable use of biodiversity; and a World Conference
on 'Cultural Diversity to Plan Sustainability'. For further
information, contact cobase@tin.it
Thursday
22nd May
Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property Regime
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) hosted
a lunchtime briefing to the Forum participants at its
Coordination Office premises, which was chaired by Mr.
O. Fasehun, Director. Mr. S. Rama Rao, Senior Counsellor,
in his briefing addressed the topic "WIPO Process
and Intellectual Property Rights", and focused on
the areas of traditional knowledge, genetic resources
and expressions of folklore from the perspective of intellectual
property protection, and explained the work undertaken
by WIPO starting from fact-finding in different countries
and regions to the establishment of an Inter-Governmental
Committee (IGC) and its ongoing work. He emphasized the
inclusive nature of the process of WIPO's work and commitment
to involve all stakeholders, explained the issue of participation
of representatives of indigenous and local communities.
The Coordination Office made available relevant documents
to the participants. The participants included a number
of indigenous and civil society representatives and other
stakeholders. The presentation attracted substantive discussion
on intellectual property issues of direct concern to the
indigenous peoples. The participants raised issues relating
to sovereignty of indigenous people on their territories
and assets, suitability of existing IP system to indigenous
issues, need for sui generis system of TK management,
prior informed consent and funding of indigenous representatives
in WIPO meetings, and protection of copyrights on indigenous
music. The questions were answered by Mr. Rao who assured
the representatives that the views expressed fairly reflected
the stakeholders' position and due involvement in WIPO's
work. Finally, Mr. Rao highlighted the vision and commitment
of WIPO's Director General, Dr. Kamil Idris, to find practical
solutions to intellectual property issues in the realm
of traditional knowledge, genetic resources and folklore.
For further information, please visit " www.wipo.int/globalissues/igc".
Indigenous
Women and Peace Building
This event was organized by the South Asia Indigenous
Women's Forum and Nepal Tamang Women Ghedung, with support
from IWGIA. It was facilitated by Ms Stella Tamang, and
the panelists were Vicky Tauli Corpuz (Philippines), Leonor
Zalabata (Columbia); and Lucy Mulenkei (Kenya). ps@tamang.wlink.com.np
All too often indigenous women are the victims of many
conflicts. Aggression, foreign occupation, ethnic and
various forms of conflicts are an ongoing reality affecting
indigenous women in all regions. Armed conflicts continue
to occur in many parts of the world and have escalated
over the last decade. Indigenous peoples have had their
land snatched away, their resources robbed, their languages
banned, their culture destroyed, their existence rejected
and their fundamental rights denied.
All manner of conflicts gender conflicts, conflicts for
civil and political rights, conflicts against colonization,
globalization, national security, terrorism, armed conflicts
subjugate indigenous women and girls. Exclusion, suppression,
exploitation and a dearth of power are the harsh realities
of indigenous women and girls. Rape of women and girls
by parties to conflict which occur with impunity.
Prompted to take some action on the above concerns the
South Asia Indigenous Women Forum SAIWF and Nepal Tamang
Women Ghedung jointly organized the panel discussion on
"IndigenousWomen and Peace Building", on May
22nd, 2003 at 13.00 hrs at United Nation as side event
during the 2nd Session of UN Permanent forum On Indigenous
Issues. The cost for the hall and the interpreters was
supported by IWGIA. Indigenous women because of their
practices, tradition and culture in resolving conflicts,
were invited to discuss issues of peace building.
Stella Tamang
of Nepal was the facilitator and the panelists were:
1 Victoria Tauli Corpuz,
2 Lucy Mulenkei
3 Leonor Zalabata/Maria Eugenia Choque
3 Ms. Njuma Ekundanayo, Member, Permanent Forum,
5 Mililani Trask, Vice President, Permanent forum Member
This side
event was very successful and was attended by many indigenous
women and men, state representatives and representatives
of the UN Agencies. The panel discussion was very interactive
and lively. It is regretted that Leonor Zalabata could
not attend and Maria Eugenia presented on her behalf.
Recommendations:
1 Formation of an Independent International Commission
of Indigenous Peoples for the Mediation and Resolution
of Conflicts based on traditional resources and methods
for the handling and resolution of conflicts and provide
assistance whenever requested by indigenous peoples.
2 Condemn the inhumane act in Democratic Republic of Congo
because of which our indigenous sisters are suffering
and dying and call for the immediate halt.
3 Condemn violence against indigenous women and girls
and exercise due diligence to prevent, investigate and
punish acts of violence against women, whether those acts
are perpetrated by the State or by private persons.
4 Strengthen the role of indigenous women and ensure equal
representation of indigenous women at all decision-making
levels in national and international institutions which
may make or influence policy with regard to matters related
to peace-keeping, preventive diplomacy and related activities
and in all stages of peace mediation and negotiations.
5 Take measure to reduce the excessive military expenditures
including trade in arms, investment for arms productions
and acquisition so as to permit the possible allocation
of additional funds for social and economic development,
in particular for the advancement of indigenous women.
6 Support, strengthen and promote the indigenous knowledge,
tradition, customs and practices that contribute to conflict
resolution.
7 Support and promote the implementation of the rights
of self-determination of all peoples as enunciated, inter
alia, in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
by providing special programmes in leadership and in training
for decision-making.
8 Offer adequate protection and assistance to indigenous
women and children displaced and find solutions to the
root causes of their displacement with a view to preventing
it and, when appropriate, facilitate their return or resettlement
9 Request Permanent Forum to consider Indigenous Women
as the theme for its 3rd Session, 2004.
UNDP
and Indigenous Peoples: MDGs, Data Disaggregation and
Human Rights
This interactive panel discussion was chaired by Ms Alejandra
Pero (UNDP CSO Chair) and hosted by UNDP (Mr. Eduardo
Zepeda and Ms Tanni Mukhopadhyay). Other members of the
panel were Mililani Trask (representing the Permanent
Forum) and Anna Pinto (CORE). The event provided an opportunity
to explore the opportunities by which UNDP can deepen
its partnership with Indigenous Peoples, and how the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) can be a vehicle to address Indigenous
Peoples' concerns.
Book
Presentation: Indigenous Childhood in Mexico
This book presentation was undertaken as part of a panel
discussion on the situation confronting Indigenous children
in Mexico. The panel was co-hosted by the Mexican Mission
(Ambassador Adolfo Aguilar Zinser) and the Rigoberta Menchu
Tum Foundation (RMTF). It was moderated by Mr. Raul Molina
(Director, RMTF New York), who introduced the other members:
UNICEF (Ms Elizabeth Gibbons); Mr. Marcus Matias (member
of the Permanent Forum); Mr. Alfonso Alem Rojo (author
of Indigenous Childhood in Mexico and Director, RMTF Mexico);
and a young Mexican student. The panel opened discussions
by referring to some of the main observations and conclusions
contained in Indigenous Childhood in Mexico, noting that
it is a significant contribution to the national debate
about Mexico's acceptance of its Indigenous Peoples. As
in many developing countries, Indigenous children in Mexico
are on perhaps the lowest scale of the social structure,
with girls facing even greater marginalisation and discrimination
than boys. The panel discussed some of the root causes
behind this situation, including the migration of parents
in search of work and the forced displacement of entire
families as a result of economic development or political
unrest. The panel credited Mr. Rojo's book with providing
some constructive recommendations regarding appropriate
legal measures that could improve the situation of Indigenous
children in Mexico.
Friday
23rd May
Closing Cultural Event
This event was hosted by the NGO Committee on the Decade
of the World's Indigenous Peoples (Mr. Roberto Mulato
Borrero - Taino) and sponsored by this Committee, the
Secretariat of the Permanent Forum, DPI and the American
Museum of Natural History. It was opened by the Kahurangi
Maori Dance Theatre from New Zealand, who performed a
number of Maori dances and songs that conveyed traditional
stories and beliefs, as well as the proud, warrior tradition
of the Maori People. Their performance also highlighted
the central place of Maori women in cultural expression,
who performed their own elaborate dances and songs alongside
the men.
El Grupo Cultural Nunkui from the Amazon region of Ecuador
followed with a performance of their traditional dance
to welcome visitors and greet strangers to their community.
Ms Allison Warden from Alaska then performed a traditional
Inuit dance, followed by some of her own contemporary
songs about the struggle that many Indigenous Peoples
experience when they try to establish their own identity
and place in a multi-cultural society. Mr Roberto Borrero
was inspired by the celebratory mood that prevailed, and
gave an impromptu performance of a traditional Puerto
Rican song of greeting to close the event.
