United Nations ACC Task Force on Basic Social Services for All EUROPE School enrolment ratio Adult primary & secondary literacy rate (%) (%) female male female male ------ ---- ------ ---- Albania 79 78 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Austria 104 107 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Belarus 96 94 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Belgium 102 101 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Bosnia and Herzegovina .. .. .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Bulgaria 80 81 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Croatia 84 83 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Czech Republic 96 93 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Denmark 109 106 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Estonia 95 97 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Finland 115 105 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- France 106 105 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Germany 99 100 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Greece 95 97 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Hungary 91 90 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Iceland 101 103 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Ireland 109 107 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Italy 87 87 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Latvia 86 84 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Lithuania 88 86 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Luxembourg 80 82 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Malta 94 101 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Netherlands 108 112 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Norway 107 109 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Poland 97 98 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Portugal 93 90 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Republic of Moldova 81 79 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Romania 83 83 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Russian Federation 96 91 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Slovakia 95 92 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Slovenia 94 92 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Spain 114 106 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Sweden 100 100 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Switzerland 95 96 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- TFYR Macedonia (2) 77 77 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Ukraine 92 88 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- United Kingdom 104 103 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Yugoslavia 66 63 .. .. -------------------------------------------------------------- Notes: Data are shown only for countries or areas with population size of 150,000 or more in 1995 as estimated by Population Division of Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis of the United Nations Secretariat (Population Division/DESIPA). Two dots (..) indicate that data are not available. (2) The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Gross enrolment ratio for primary and secondary school combined The total enrolment, regardless of age, in primary and secondary education as a proportion of the population of primary- and secondary- school age according to national regulations. Data are shown for the latest available year. Data before 1990 are shown with an (*). School-age ranges vary by country, but are typically 6 to 11 years for primary school and 12 to 17 years for secondary school. It should be noted that the gross enrolment ratio can exceed 100, since it includes all pupils whatever their ages, whereas the population is limited to the range of official school ages. From UNESCO Statistical Yearbook 1996 (UNESCO publishing and Bernan Press). Adult illiteracy rate The proportion of the population who are illiterate, expressed as a percentage of the population aged 15 years or above. A person is illiterate who cannot, with understanding, both read and write a short simple statement on everyday life. From Compendium of Statistics on Illiteracy - 1995 Edition (UNESCO). Recent data are not available for many developed countries; UNESCO estimates that illiteracy averaged around 1 per cent in those countries in 1995. United Nations publication, (ST/ESA/SER.A/160) Copyright (C) United Nations 1997