National Implementation of Agenda 21
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Information Provided by the Government of Kazakstan to the |
This country profile has been provided by:
Name of Ministry/Office: Ministry of Ecology, Center of National Environmental Action Plan for Sustainable Development
Date: June 1997 Submitted by: Bulat Esekin, National Coordinator, Chairman Mailing address: 106, Panfilov str., Almaty, 480091, Republic of Kazakstan Telephone: (3272) 63-16-12, (3272) 50-77-84 Telefax: (3272) 50-77-84 E-mail: neapkz@online.ru
Note from the Secretariat: An effort has been made to present all country profiles within a common format, with an equal number of pages. However, where Governments Have not provided information for the tables appended to Chapters 4 and 17, those tables have been omitted entirely in order to reduce the overall length of the profile and save paper. Consequently, there may be some minor inconsistencies among the formats of the different country profiles.
All statistics are rendered as provided by the respective Governments.
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APELL | Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level |
CFC | chlorofluorocarbon |
CGIAR | Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research |
CILSS | Permanent Inter-State Committee on Drought Control in the Sahel |
EEZ | exclusive economic zone |
ECA | Economic Commission for Africa |
ECE | Economic Commission for Europe |
ECLAC | Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean |
ELCI | Environmental Liaison Centre International |
EMINWA | environmentally sound management of inland water |
ESCAP | Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific |
ESCWA | Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia |
FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
GATT | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade |
GAW | Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO) |
GEF | Global Environment Facility |
GEMS | Global Environmental Monitoring System (UNEP) |
GEMS/WATER | Global Water Quality Monitoring Programme |
GESAMP | Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution |
GIPME | Global Investigation of Pollution in Marine Environment (UNESCO) |
GIS | Geographical Information System |
GLOBE | Global Legislators Organisation for a Balanced Environment |
GOS | Global Observing System (WMO/WWW) |
GRID | Global Resource Information Database |
GSP | generalized system of preferences |
HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency |
IAP-WASAD | International Action Programme on Water and Sustainable Agricultural Development |
IARC | International Agency for Research on Cancer |
IBSRAM | International Board of Soil Resources and Management |
ICCA | International Council of Chemical Associations |
ICES | International Council for the Exploration of the Sea |
ICPIC | International Cleaner Production Information Clearing House |
ICSC | International Civil Service Commission |
ICSU | International Council of Scientific Unions |
IEEA | Integrated environmental and economic accounting |
IFAD | International Fund for Agricultural Development |
IGADD | Intergovernmental Authority for Drought and Development |
IGBP | International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (ICSU) |
IGBP/START | International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme/Global Change System for Analysis, Research and Training |
ILO | International Labour Organisation |
IMF | International Monetary Fund |
IMO | International Maritime Organization |
INFOTERRA | International Environment Information system (UNEP) |
IOC | Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission |
IPCC | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
IPCS | International Programme on Chemical Safety |
IPM | integrated pest management |
IRPTC | International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals |
ITC | International Tin Council |
ITTO | International Tropical Timber Organization |
IUCN | International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
MARPOL | International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships |
OECD | Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development |
PGRFA | plant genetic resources for agriculture |
PIC | prior informed consent procedure |
SADCC | South African Development Co-ordination Conference |
SARD | sustainable agriculture and rural development |
UNCTAD | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |
UNDP | United Nations Development Programme |
UNDRO | Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator |
UNEP | United Nations Environment Programme |
UNESCO | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
UNFPA | United Nations Population Fund |
UNICEF | United Nations Children's Fund |
UNIDO | United Nations Industrial Development Organization |
UNU | United Nations University |
WCP | World Climate Programme (WMO/UNEP/ICSU/UNESCO) |
WFC | World Food Council |
WHO | World Health Organization |
WMO | World Meteorological Organization |
WWF | World Wide Fund for Nature (also called World Wildlife Fund) |
WWW | World Weather Watch (WMO) |
Stretching between the Caspian Sea and China, the Republic of Kazakstan is the largest of Central Asian Republic and the second largest of the former Soviet Republics. The country has the total land area of 2.7 million km, the size of Western Europe. Nearly 60% of the land is steppe, 26% is desert, 3.5% forests, and 10% mountainous. With a total precipitation of about 207 mm of rain per year, the country has a distinctly continental climate characterised by hot, dry summers and short winters with low snowfall. Kazakstan also has one of the smallest amounts of accessible water resources among the FSU republics. Kazakstan's population is approximately 17 million, 59% of whom live in urban areas.
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1. Name of Key National Sustainable Development Coordination Mechanism(s)/Council(s). Center of National Environmental Action Plan
Contact point (Name, Title, Office): Ministry of Ecology, Center of National Environmental Action Plan for Sustainable Development Telephone: (3272) 63-16-12, (3272) 50-77-84 Fax: (3272) 50-77-84 e-mail: neapkz@online.ru Mailing address: 106, Panfilov str., Almaty, 480091, Republic of Kazakstan
2. Membership/Composition/Chairperson: Bulat Esekin, National Coordinator, Chairman
2a. List of ministries and agencies involved: Ministry of Ecology, Ministry of Health
Coordinator: Center of National Environmental Action Plan for Sustainable Development
2b. Names of para-statal bodies and institutions involved, as well as participating of academic and private sector bodies: Institute of Ecology and others
2c. Names of non-governmental organizations involved: Fund of environmental education support, Environmental Unit of associations and enterprises "Tabigat" and others.
3. Mandate role of above mechanism/council: - coordination of activities aimed at introducing the sustainability component into development-oriented decisions.
4. If available, attach a diagram (organization chart) showing national coordination structure and linkages between ministries:
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AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 2: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
TO ACCELERATE SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND RELATED DOMESTIC
POLICIES (with special emphasis on TRADE)
No information.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT:
1. Decision-Making Structure: No information.
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: No information.
3. Major Groups: No information.
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: No information.
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 3: COMBATING POVERTY
Focus of national strategy
No information.
Highlight activities aimed at the poor and linkages to the
environment
No information
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT:
1. Decision-Making Structure: No information.
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: No information.
3. Major Groups: No information.
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: No information.
NB: Developed countries, where domestic poverty alleviation is not
a major concern may wish to briefly describe their
position regarding global poverty alleviation.
Latest 199_ | |||||
Unemployment (%) | |||||
Population living in absolute poverty | |||||
Public spending on social sector % | |||||
Other data
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AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 4: CHANGING CONSUMPTION
PATTERNS
National policy objectives/focus
No information.
National targets
No information
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT:
1. Decision-Making Structure: No information.
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: No information.
3. Major Groups: No information.
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: No information.
Latest 199_ | |||||
GDP per capita (current US$) | |||||
Real GDP growth (%) | |||||
Annual energy consumption per capita (Kg. of oil equivalent per capita) | |||||
Motor vehicles in use per 1000 inhabitants | |||||
Other data
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AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 5: DEMOGRAPHIC DYNAMICS AND
SUSTAINABILITY
NATIONAL PRIORITY: | ||||
STATUS REPORT: No information.
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1. Decision-Making Structure: No information.
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: No information.
3. Major Groups: No information.
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: No information.
Latest 199_ | ||||
Population (Thousands) mid-year estimates | ||||
Annual rate of increase (1990-1993) | ||||
Surface area (Km2) | ||||
Population density (people/Km2) | ||||
Other data
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AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 6: PROTECTING AND PROMOTING
HUMAN HEALTH
Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD) coordinates
activities on collection and analysing the information in order to
identify the connection between rate of
diseases and pollution. Ecological problems, projects and
activities will be discussed and priorities will be
identified at the Republic Seminar.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT: Health care remains one of major
issues in Kazakstan as every forth person was suffered
from respiratory decease in 1995. The most cases of diseases were
in Almaty, Eastern-Kazakstan oblast,
Semipalatenskaya oblast and Karagandinskaya oblast where the level
of emissions from transport, ferrous and
non-ferrous metal industry was the highest and where nuclear bombs
were tested. The highest concentration of
tuberculosis was in Atyrauskaya oblast, Kyzylordinskaya oblast and
Easter-Kazakstan oblast where the quality
of water is lower than normal. The half of population suffered from
cancer especially in regions where
industry was located. The highest level of mortality was in
Eastern-Kazakstan oblast, and Northern-Kazakstan
oblast where 13,6 and 12,1 people died per 1000 in 1995.
1. Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Health, Center
of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD)
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production Center (NCPC)
within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by the RK
Government. The NEAP/SD Center is capable of serving
as the nexus for research and dissemination of cleaner production
process for major industrial sectors. The NCPC will
serve a coordinating and catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and policy
assessment.
3. Major Groups: Ministries and departments.
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID,
UNEP/GRID, UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP
Latest 1995 | ||||
Life expectancy at birth Male Female |
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Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) | ||||
Maternal mortality rate (per 100000 live births) | ||||
Access to safe drinking water (% of population) | ||||
Access to sanitation services (% of population) | ||||
Other data
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AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 7: PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE HUMAN
SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT: No information.
1. Decision-Making Structure: No information.
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: No information.
3. Major Groups: No information.
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: No information.
Urban population in % of total population | |||
Annual rate of growth of urban population (%) | |||
Largest city population (in % of total population) | |||
Other data
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AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 8: INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENT AND
DEVELOPMENT IN DECISION-MAKING
The CWG's activities resulted in working out the joint action
plan on the environmental priority problem
solution involving ministries and departments, central and local
agencies, public communities. In November 1996, the
Programme for 1997 was adopted at the Republican conference. Being
approved by the Government it was directed to all
central and local agencies for implementation (the Government order
of February 18, 1997 N21-3/002/718).This
Programme was supported by international organisations. At present
the World Bank and the UNDP awarded grants to
support the NEAP/SD preparation plan.
According to the RK Government Resolution and orders N137 of
03.02.1997 and N21-3/002-718 of 18.02.1997
and N20 of 27.03.1997 as well as agreements between the RK
Government and international organisations on issues of the
preparation and implementation of the NEAP/SD Project in Kazakstan,
the NEAP/SD Center under the MEBR was
established to formulate and implement the Project.
The Center coordinates activities of ministries and
departments, local agencies, public organisations and business
structures, international and other organisations to prepare and
implement the NEAP/SD of the Republic of Kazakstan.
The Center's targets are:
- identifying environmental priorities for the Republic of
Kazakstan;
- preparation and implementation of action plans (programmes
and projects) to solve priority problems;
- involving the public to the NEAP/SD preparation and
implementation process( in cooperation with the
Coordinating Working Group).
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT: In accordance with the
Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakstan of
February 19,
1996, N21-8/1725 and the provisions of the Conception of
Environmental Safety approved by the Resolution of the
President of the Republic of Kazakstan dated April 30, 1996,
Coordinating Working Group (CWG) Has carried out the
preparatory phase of work on the National Environmental Action Plan
for Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD) with the
support of the UNDP and Harvard Institute of International
Development.
1. Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center
of National Environmental Activity Plan for
Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD) .
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production
Center (NCPC) within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by
the RK Government. The NEAP/SD
Center is capable of serving as the nexus for research and
dissemination of cleaner production process for
major industrial sectors. The NCPC will serve a coordinating and
catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and
policy assessment.
3. Major Groups: Ministries and departments, local
agencies, public organisations and business structures
4. Finance: Contribution to NEAP of UN is $ 102,500, of
government is $ 414,000 and of Institute of
Ecology and Sustainable Development is $ 7,500.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID,
UNEP/GRID, UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 9: PROTECTION OF THE
ATMOSPHERE
The Montreal Protocol and its Amendments
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Signed in 1992.
Additional comments relevant to this chapter
Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD) coordinates activities of
ministries and departments, local agencies, public organisations
and business structures to implement work for the
atmosphere protection. It coordinates activity on environmental
assessment of power plants, and industry, and transport.
The Center of NEAP/SD collects information on monitoring of SO2,
NOx, dust and other Hazardous substances
emissions, deforestation, desertification and climate changing,
analyses their impact on health risk.
An Agreement on Cooperation in Implementing Rolling
Framework Program for Sustainable Development of the
Republic of Kazakstan was signed on the 31 of March. Ecological
problems, projects and activities will be discussed and
priorities will be identified at the Republic Seminar.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT:
1. Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center
of National Environmental Activity Plan for
Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD) are responsible for protection of
the atmosphere. Recent instruments are
the licensing system for polluting activities determining emission
limits for pollution, regulations of atmosphere
protection control, methods of damage calculation and payment
determination for air pollution.
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production
Center (NCPC) within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by
the RK Government. The NEAP/SD
Center is capable of serving as the nexus for research and
dissemination of cleaner production process for
major industrial sectors. The NCPC will serve a coordinating and
catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and
policy assessment.
3. Major Groups: Ministries and departments, local
agencies, public organisations and business structures.
4. Finance: 3,79 billion tenge were expended on atmosphere
protection in 1995.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID,
UNEP/GRID, UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
Latest 1995 | ||||
CO2 emissions (eq. thousand tons) | ||||
SOx " | ||||
NOx " | ||||
CH4 " | ||||
Consumption of ozone depleting substances (Tons) | ||||
Expenditure on air pollution abatement in US$ equivalents (million) | ||||
Other data
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AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 10: INTEGRATED APPROACH TO
THE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF LAND
RESOURCES
Ecological problems, projects and activities will be
discussed and priorities will be identified at the
Republic Seminar.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT: Center of National Environmental
Activity Plan for Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD)
coordinates activities of ministries and departments, local
agencies, public organisations and business
structures to implement work for the planing and land resources
management . The Center of NEAP/SD
collects information on monitoring and stimulate activity on
rational use of land resources.
1. Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center
of National Environmental Activity Plan for
Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD) are responsible for rational use
of land resources.
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production
Center (NCPC) within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by
the RK Government. The NEAP/SD
Center is capable of serving as the nexus for research and
dissemination of cleaner production process for
major industrial sectors. The NCPC will serve a coordinating and
catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and
policy assessment.
3. Major Groups: Ministries and departments, local
agencies, public organisations and business structures.
4. Finance: 0,2 billion tenge were directed to mineral
resources protection in 1995.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID,
UNEP/GRID, UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 11: COMBATING
DEFORESTATION
The Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for
Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD) collects and
analyses information on the forests in order to assess damage from
deforestation and to co-ordinate activity of
Forest Committee and other local agencies, public organisations and
business structures.
Forest problems, projects and activities will be discussed and
priorities will be identified at the Republic
Seminar.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT: Forests area in Kazakstan is
24.5 million hectares, that is 3.8% of Republic area. 95 % of
forest
area is protected and other used for forest production. 50% of
forests land is used as pastures. 1,320 cases of forest fire
took place in 1995 and 163.5 thousand hectares were affected by
pests. Recreation work was made on 35.3 thousand
Hectares of territory in 1995. Protection of forests is very
important in combating desertification and drought. Scientific
program "Sustainable conservation and rational use of biodeversity
of forests and vegetation resources of Kazakstan" was
developed by Forest Committee and Academy of Science in order to
realise statements of Convention on biodeversity.
Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center of
National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD), Forest Committee are responsible for
forestry sector.
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production
Center (NCPC) within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by
the RK Government. The NEAP/SD
Center is capable of serving as the nexus for research and
dissemination of cleaner production process for
major industrial sectors. The NCPC will serve a co-ordinating and
catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and
policy assessment.
3. Major Groups: Local agencies, public organisations and
business structures.
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID,
UNEP/GRID, UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
Latest 1995 Forest Area (Km2)
Protected forest area
831.7
856.7
919.4
Roundwood production (solid volume of roundwood without
bark in
mill m3)
Deforestation rate (thousand m2)
1833
1735
716
Reforestation rate (Km2/annum)
83.8
82.6
35.3
Cases of forest fires
432
629
1320
Areas of forest fires (Ha)
709
1329
22540
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 12: MANAGING FRAGILE ECOSYSTEMS: COMBATING DESERTIFICATION AND DROUGHT
NATIONAL PRIORITY: | |
STATUS REPORT: International Convention to Combat Desertification in Countries Experiencing Drought and/or Desertification Particularly in Africa was signed in 1994.
Additional comments relevant to this chapter Climate in Kazakstan is distinctly continental with frequent drought so 179.9 million Hectares or 60% of the territory of Kazakstan occurs in large desertification. Further environmental degradation will lead to irreparable losses of biodeversity, loss of agriculture production and living conditions for Kazakstan will deteriorate. National Activity Program on Combating Desertification in Kazakstan was developed by Ministry of Ecology. The Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD) is going to continue information collection, assessment damage from desertification, to develop measures and to co-ordinate activity directed towards combating desertification. Deserts problems, projects and activities will be discussed and priorities will be identified at Republic Seminar.
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1. Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD)are responsible for the sustainable development of arid regions and for co-ordination of activities directed toward combating desertification.
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready to establish National Cleaner Production Center (NCPC) within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by the RK Government. The NEAP/SD Center is capable of serving as the nexus for research and dissemination of cleaner production process for major industrial sectors. The NCPC will serve a co-ordinating and catalytic role in regard to cleaner production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant demonstration, training, information dissemination, and policy assessment.
3. Major Groups: Temporary creative group with specialists from ministries and departments, local agencies, public organisations and business structures.
4. Finance: Grant UNEP - project "Investigation and desertification report development in Kazakstan" - $25,000, grant UNEP - "National Activity Program on Combating Desertification" - $40,000, UNEP - $60,000.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID, UNEP/GRID, UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
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Latest 1997 | ||||
Land affected by desertification (Km2) | ||||
Other data
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AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 13: MANAGING FRAGILE
ECOSYSTEMS: SUSTAINABLE MOUNTAIN
DEVELOPMENT
The Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for
Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD) is going to
collect information, to develop measures and to co-ordinate
activity directed toward the prediction of mud
flows, landslides and avalanches. The Center of NEAP/SD is also
going to study glaciers and their influence
on climate change.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT: Mud flows, landslides and
avalanches inflict a lot of damage in the mountains of
Kazakstan.
1. Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center
of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD).
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: No information.
3. Major Groups: Local agencies, public organisations.
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID, UNEP/GRID,
UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 14: PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL PRIORITY: | |
STATUS REPORT: Since the number of agriculture
products has decreased this has also led to a corresponding
decrease of pesticides and nitrates on environment of Kazakstan.
But there are some cases of nitrate in Almatinskaya
oblast, Mangistauskaya oblast, Kokshetauskaya oblast and others. The Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD) collects and analyses information on pollution, land erosion and pasture degradation in order to best decide the most efficient way the land can be used or to return to its former state. Agriculture problems, projects and activities will be discussed and priorities will be identified at the Republic Seminar.
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1. Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Agriculture,
Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for
Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD).
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production Center (NCPC)
within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by the RK
Government. The NEAP/SD Center is capable of serving
as the nexus for research and dissemination of cleaner production
process for major industrial sectors. The NCPC will
serve a co-ordinating and catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and policy
assessment.
3. Major Groups: Local agencies, public organisations.
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID, UNEP/GRID,
UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
Latest 1994 | ||||
Agricultural land (Km2) | ||||
Agricultural land as % of total land area | ||||
Agricultural land per capita | ||||
Latest 199_ | ||||
Consumption of fertilizers per Km2 of agricultural land as of 1990 | ||||
Other data
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AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 15: CONSERVATION OF
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
The Convention on Biological Diversity was signed in
1992.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora
No information.
Additional comments relevant to this chapter
There are about 2.3 % of protected areas in Kazakstan. The
development of data bank of nature resources is under way.
There are 835 spices of animals and birds in Kazakstan, 229 of them
are in the Red Book.
The Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for
Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD) collects and
analyses information on biodeversity in order to develop measures
and to co-ordinate activities directed toward
biodeversity protection and increase of animals number.
Biodeversity problems, projects and activities will be
discussed and priorities will be identified at Republic
Seminar.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT:
1. Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center
of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD) are responsible for biodeversity and genetic
resources forests protection ..
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production Center (NCPC)
within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by the RK
Government. The NEAP/SD Center is capable of serving
as the nexus for research and dissemination of cleaner production
process for major industrial sectors. The NCPC will
serve a coordinating and catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and policy
assessment.
3. Major Groups: Ministries and departments, local
agencies, public organizations and business structures
4. Finance: Expenses on wild animals and birds
reproduction protection were 53402.9 thousand tenge.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID,
UNEP/GRID, UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
Latest 1995 | |||
Protected area as % of total land area | |||
Latest 1995 | |||
Number of threatened species | |||
Other data
|
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 16: ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
MANAGEMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
The Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for
Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD) also studies
the international experience and develops technologies of animals,
plants and resources protection.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT: Kazakstan is ready to establish
National Cleaner Production Center (NCPC) within the
framework of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD)Project approved
by the RK Government. The NEAP/SD Center is capable of serving as
the nexus for research and
dissemination of cleaner production process for major industrial
sectors. The NCPC will serve a co-ordinating
and catalytic role in regard to cleaner production. Their
activities cover four areas: in-plant demonstration,
training, information dissemination, and policy assessment.
1. Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center
of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD)
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production Center (NCPC)
within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by the RK
Government. The NEAP/SD Center is capable of serving
as the nexus for research and dissemination of cleaner production
process for major industrial sectors. The NCPC will
serve a co-ordinating and catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and policy
assessment.
3. Major Groups: Ministries and departments, local
agencies, public organisations and business structures
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID,
UNEP/GRID, UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 17: PROTECTION OF THE
OCEANS, ALL KINDS OF SEAS, INCLUDING ENCLOSED
AND SEMI-ENCLOSED SEAS, AND COASTAL AREAS AND THE PROTECTION,
RATIONAL USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR LIVING RESOURCES
The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
There are three big lakes on the territory of Kazakstan: Aral Sea,
Caspian Sea and Balhash lake. Approximately 1.4
million people in Kazakstan are affected by one of the most acute
environment disasters in the world. Manifestation of this
crisis include desiccation of the Aral Sea, environmental
degradation in the upper and middle water shed/ especially
deforestation, soil erosion, and increase vulnerability to
large-scale landslides; and distraction of wetlands, loss of
livehoods, and gradual increase of poverty and illness among those
living in deltas of Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers.
Aral Sea Basin Program includes various activities to develop
sustainable water and related land management
strategies.
Main problem of Caspian Sea is the fluctuation in water
levels. It has increased the threat of water pollution through
the inundation and realise of hazardous industrial wastewater
stored in stabilisation ponds close to the water 's edge. In
Kazakstan , the expanding Caspian Sea flooded a large stretch of
farmland in the country and poses serious threats to the
country ports, power, and oil industries. As the result of
pollution the rich Caspian Sea fisheries are throated too.
Caspian Sea Environmental Program was developed by the World
Bank and UN program in order to identify
activities of countries and co-ordinate international donors.
Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD) is going to co-ordinate activities directed
toward Caspian and Aral problems.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT:
1. Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center
of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD) are responsible for the protection of seas
and solving sea problems.
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production Center (NCPC)
within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by the RK
Government. The NEAP/SD Center is capable of serving
as the nexus for research and dissemination of cleaner production
process for major industrial sectors. The NCPC will
serve a co-ordinating and catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and policy
assessment.
3. Major Groups: governments, ministries and
departments, local agencies, public organisations and business
structures.
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID,
UNEP/GRID, UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
Latest 199- | ||||
Catches of marine species (metric tons) | ||||
Population in coastal areas | ||||
Population served by waste water treatment (% of
country's total population) | ||||
Discharges of oil into coastal waters (metric tons) | ||||
Releases of phosphate into coastal waters (metric tons) | ||||
Releases of nitrate into coastal waters (metric tons) | ||||
Other data
|
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 18: PROTECTION OF THE
QUALITY AND SUPPLY OF FRESHWATER RESOURCES:
APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT,
MANAGEMENT AND USE OF WATER RESOURCES
Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD) co-ordinates
activities of ministries and departments, local agencies, public
organisations and business structures to
implement work for the water resources rational use and protection.
It co-ordinates activity on environmental
assessment of power plants and industry. The Center of NEAP/SD
collects information on monitoring of
water pollution, analyses their impact on health risk.
An Agreement on Cooperation in Implementing Rolling Framework
Program for Sustainable Development
of the Republic of Kazakstan was signed on the 31 of March.
Ecological problems, projects and activities will
be discussed and priorities will be identified at the Republic
Seminar.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT: Kazakstan is supplied by fresh
surface and underground water. In 1995 the annual withdrawal of
water from rivers was 28.81 km3, 22.24 km3 of water were used and
5.52 km3 were lost. Discharge of waste water was
7.07 km3: 5.78 km3 in surface water, 1.27 in special ponds and 0.02
in underground waters. Water resources are polluted
with various chemicals of industrial-agricultural origin. Pollution
problems are particularly severe in vicinity of urban and
industrial centers where adequate and fully operational wastewater
treatment facilities do not exist either for municipal or
industrial effluents.
1. Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center
of National Environmental Activity Plan for
Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD) are responsible for water
resources protection.
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production
Center (NCPC) within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by
the RK Government. The NEAP/SD
Center is capable of serving as the nexus for research and
dissemination of cleaner production process for
major industrial sectors. The NCPC will serve a co-ordinating and
catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and
policy assessment.
3. Major Groups: Ministries and departments, local
agencies, public organisations and business structures.
4. Finance: Grant of Germany government for Project
''Environmental water use'' - $ 1.5 million in 1996.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID,
UNEP/GRID, UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
Latest 199- | ||||
Fresh water availability (total domestic/external in million m3) | ||||
Annual withdrawal of freshwater as % of available water | ||||
Other data
|
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 19: ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
MANAGEMENT OF TOXIC CHEMICALS,
INCLUDING PREVENTION OF ILLEGAL INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN TOXIC
AND DANGEROUS PRODUCTS
Ecological problems, projects and activities will be discussed
and priorities will be identified at the Republic
Seminar.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT: Center of National Environmental
Activity Plan for Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD)
co-ordinates activities of ministries and departments, local
agencies, public organisations and business
structures to implement work for control and management of toxic
chemicals and dangerous products. The
Center of NEAP/SD collects information on substances distribution
and analyses their impact on health risk.
1. Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center
of National Environmental Activity Plan for
Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD).
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production
Center (NCPC) within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by
the RK Government. The NEAP/SD
Center is capable of serving as the nexus for research and
dissemination of cleaner production process for
major industrial sectors. The NCPC will serve a co-ordinating and
catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and
policy assessment.
3. Major Groups: ministries and departments, local
agencies, public organisations and business structures
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID,
UNEP/GRID, UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
|
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 20: ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES,
INCLUDING PREVENTION OF ILLEGAL INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN
HAZARDOUS WASTES
The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements
of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal
Basel Convention
Additional comments relevant to this chapter
It has been estimated that 800 million tons of hazardous wastes are
generated in Kazakstan every year, and nearly 17
billion tons of these waste are presently being held in landfills
in the country. While there is no comprehensive inventory
of ranking as to risk they pose to human health, hazardous waste
are disposed of primarily in unlined landfills that are not
well-managed. Moreover, there is little systematic waste recycling
by the industry. The presence of such metals as gold,
platinum, vanadium, and copper in some of this waste indicates the
need for cleaning up the landfill sites and introduction
resource recovery.
Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD) co-ordinates activities of
ministries and departments, local agencies, public organisations
and business structures to implement work for control
and management of hazardous wastes.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT:
Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center of
National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD).
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production
Center (NCPC) within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by
the RK Government. The NEAP/SD
Center is capable of serving as the nexus for research and
dissemination of cleaner production process for
major industrial sectors. The NCPC will serve a co-ordinating and
catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and
policy assessment.
3. Major Groups: Ministries and departments, local
agencies, public organisations and business structures.
Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID,
UNEP/GRID, UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
Latest 199- | ||||
Generation of hazardous waste (t) | ||||
Import of hazardous wastes (t) | ||||
Export of hazardous wastes (t) | ||||
Area of land contaminated by hazardous waste (km2) | ||||
Expenditure on hazardous waste treatment (US$) | ||||
Other data |
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 21: ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTES AND SEWAGE-RELATED ISSUES
Pollution problems are particularly severe in vicinity of urban and
industrial centers where adequate and fully
operational wastewater treatment facilities do not exist either for
municipal or industrial effluents. Of the
nearly 1,200 major industrial enterprises in the country, less than
half have functioning pre-treatment facilities.
Municipal wastewater is commonly treated in unlined lagoons, which
received untreated or poorly treated
industrial effluents as well. Approximately 8 billion cubic meters
of wastewater is presently being held in
lagoons in 8 major cities, causing contamination of surrounding
soil as well as surface and groundwater
resources through overflow and seepage.
The Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD) co-ordinates
activities directed towards waste water management and supplying
the population with sewerage. The Center
of NEAP/SD collects information on monitoring of water pollution,
analyses its impact on health risk.
Ecological problems, projects and activities will be discussed and
priorities will be identified at the Republic
Seminar.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT: Center of National Environmental
Activity Plan for Sustainable Development (NEAP/SD)
co-ordinates activities of ministries and departments, local
agencies, public organisations and business
structures to implement control and management of solid waste
dumping and directs activity towards waste
recycling.
Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center of
National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD)are responsible for forests protection .
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production Center (NCPC)
within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by the RK
Government. The NEAP/SD Center is capable of serving
as the nexus for research and dissemination of cleaner production
process for major industrial sectors. The NCPC will
serve a co-ordinating and catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and policy
assessment.
3. Major Groups: Ministries and departments, local
agencies, public organisations and business structures.
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID, UNEP/GRID,
UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
Latest 1995 | ||||
Generation of industrial and municipal waste (t) | ||||
Waste disposed(Kg/capita) | ||||
Expenditure on waste collection and treatment (US$) | ||||
Waste recycling rates (%) | ||||
Municipal waste disposal (Kg/capita) | ||||
Waste reduction rates per unit of GDP (t/year) | ||||
Other data
|
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 22: SAFE AND
ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE
WASTES
Center of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD) co-ordinates activities of
ministries and departments, local agencies, public organisations
and business structures to implement work for control and
management of radioactive waste. The Center of NEAP/SD collects
information on monitoring of radioactive waste
analyses its impact on health risk.
Ecological problems, projects and activities will be discussed
and priorities will be identified at the Republic Seminar.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT: The problem of radioactive
waste is very serious in Kazakstan as there are a lot of uranium
mines
in Kazakstan. Also between 1949 and 1989, 470 nuclear devices were
detonated in the Semipalatensk range which
occupies an area of some 1.8 million hectares in the oblasts of
Semipolatensk, Pavlodar, Karaganda, East Kazakstan.
Archival materials now indicate that there were exposure levels one
hundred times above permissible levels. The
epidemiological studies indicate high level s of cancer, and mental
illness among the people in the region.
1. Decision-Making Structure: Ministry of Ecology, Center
of National Environmental Activity Plan for Sustainable
Development (NEAP/SD).
2. Capacity-Building/Technology Issues: Kazakstan is ready
to establish National Cleaner Production Center (NCPC)
within the framework of NEAP/SD Project approved by the RK
Government. The NEAP/SD Center is capable of serving
as the nexus for research and dissemination of cleaner production
process for major industrial sectors. The NCPC will
serve a co-ordinating and catalytic role in regard to cleaner
production. Their activities cover four areas: in-plant
demonstration, training, information dissemination, and policy
assessment.
3. Major Groups: Ministries and departments, local
agencies, public organisations and business structures.
4. Finance: No information.
5. Regional/International Cooperation: GTC,UNDP, World
Bank, TACIS, OECD, UNDP, HIID,
UNEP/GRID, UNDP, UNIDO/UNEP.
|
| |
Ch. 24: GLOBAL ACTION FOR WOMEN TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE AND
EQUITABLE DEVELOPMENT. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women was
24.a Increasing the proportion of women decision makers.
24.b assessing, reviewing, revising and implementing curricula and other educational material with a view to promoting dissemination of gender-relevant knowledge. Curricula and educational material
24.c formulating and implementing policies, guidelines, strategies and plans for achievement of equality in all aspects of society including issuing a strategy by year 2000 to eliminate obstacles to full participation of women in sustainable development. Policies/strategies etc.
24.d establishing mechanisms by 1995 to assess implementation and impact of development and environment policies and programmes on women
Brief comments on this chapter (maximum 100 words) (please, do not exceed this page): No information.
|
| |
Ch. 25: CHILDREN AND YOUTH IN SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT.
25.a establishing processes that promote dialogue between the youth and government at all levels and mechanisms that permit youth access to information and opportunity to present their views on implementing A21.
Describe their role in the national process:
25.b reducing youth unemployment
25.c ensuring that by year 2000 more than 50% of youth -- gender balanced -- have access to appropriate secondary education or vocational training.
Brief comments on this chapter (maximum 100 words) (please, do not exceed this page): No information.
|
| |
Ch. 26: RECOGNIZING AND STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND THEIR
COMMUNITIES.
26.a establishing a process to empower indigenous people and their communities -- through policies and legal instruments:
26.b strengthening arrangements for active participation in national policies
26.c involving indigenous people in resource management strategies and programmes at the national and local level.
Brief comments on this chapter (maximum 100 words) (please, do not exceed this page): No information.
| |
Ch. 27: STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS: PARTNERS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
27.a developing mechanisms that allow NGOs to play their partnership role responsibly and effectively.
27.b reviewing formal procedures and mechanisms to involve NGOs in decision making and implementation.
27.c promoting and allowing NGOs to participate in the conception, establishment and evaluation of official mechanisms to review Agenda 21 implementation.
27.d establishing a mutually productive dialogue by 1995 at the national level between NGOs and governments.
Brief comments on this chapter (maximum 100 words) (please, do not exceed this page): No information.
|
| |
Ch. 28: LOCAL AUTHORITIES' INITIATIVES IN SUPPORT OF
AGENDA 21.
28.a encouraging local authorities to implement and monitor programmes that aim to ensure participation of women and youth in local decision making.
Brief comments on this chapter (maximum 100 words) (please, do not exceed this page): No information.
| |
Ch. 29: STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF WORKERS AND
THEIR TRADE UNIONS.
29.a full participation of workers in implementation and evaluation of A21.
29.b (By year 2000, (a) promoting ratification of ILO conventions; (b) establishing bipartite and tripartite mechanism on safety, health and sustainable development; (c) increasing number of environmental collective agreements; (d) reducing occupational accidents and injuries; (e) increasing workers' education and training efforts.
Brief comments on this chapter (maximum 100 words) (please, do not exceed this page): No information.
|
30: STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF BUSINESS
AND INDUSTRY. |
30.a increasing the efficiency of resource use, including reuse, recycling, and reduction of waste per unit of economic output. 30.b encouraging the concept of stewardship in management and use of natural resources by entrepreneurs. List any actions taken in this area:
30.c increasing number of enterprises that subscribe to and implement sustainable development policies.
Brief comments on this chapter (maximum 100 words) (please, do not exceed this page): No information.
|
| |
Ch. 31: SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL
COMMUNITY.
31.a improving exchange of knowledge and concerns between s&t community and the general public. Scientific community has already established ways in which to address the general public and deal with sustainable development.
31.b developing, improving and promoting international acceptance of codes of practice and guidelines related to science and technology and its role in reconciling environment and development.
Brief comments on this chapter not already described in chapter 35 (maximum 100 words) (please, do not exceed this page): No information.
| |
Ch. 32: STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF
FARMERS.
32.a promoting and encouraging sustainable farming practices and technologies.
32.b developing a policy framework that provides incentives and motivation among farmers for sustainable and efficient farming practices.
32.c enhancing participation of organizations of farmers in design and implementation of sustainable development policies.
Brief comments on this chapter (maximum 100 words) (please, do not exceed this page): No information.
|
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 33: FINANCIAL RESOURCES
AND MECHANISMS
Financial resources and mechanisms are also covered under each
sectoral chapter of Agenda 21 where
relevant. This summary highlights broader national financial
policies, domestic and external
(including ODA)
CHANGES IN NATIONAL BUDGET TO ADDRESS SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT: No information
NEW ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS: No information
ELIMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY UNFRIENDLY SUBSIDIES: No
information
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT: No information.
ODA policy issues
No information
|
ODA funding provided or received (Total US$million) | ||||||
Net flow of external capital from all sources as % of GDP | ||||||
Other data
|
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 34: TRANSFER OF
ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND TECHNOLOGY, COOPERATION
AND CAPACITY-BUILDING
Transfer of environmentally sound technology, cooperation and
capacity-building is also covered under each sectoral
chapter of Agenda 21 where relevant. This summary highlights
broader national policies and actions relating to
chapter 34.
No information.
MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION: No information
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT ON LINKS BETWEEN NATIONAL, REGIONAL
AND INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION
NETWORKS/SYSTEMS:
Describe any work being undertaken at the national or
local level regarding efforts to promote clean production
processes and/or the concepts of eco-efficiency. These processes
may include training, preferential financial
arrangements, information dissemination and changes in legal or
regulatory frameworks.
No information.
Provide information on the adoption of environmental management systems. National reaction to environmental management system standards such as the ISO 14000 Series and others. Please note efforts made at the national level to promote their adoption and the creation of certification infrastructure in order to facilitate access to these standards to local industry.
No information.
List and describe programs or work under way to facilitate the transfer of ESTs to small and medium sized enterprises. Please note efforts to facilitate access to financial resources and other transfer strategies.
No information.
|
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 35: SCIENCE FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
No information.
STEPS TAKEN TO ENHANCE SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING, IMPROVE LONG
TERM SCIENTIFIC
ASSESSMENT, BUILDING OF CAPACITY AND CAPABILITY: No
information
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT ON NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE,
RESEARCH NEEDS AND PRIORITIES:
Year | |||
Number of scientists, engineers and technicians engaged in research and experimental development | # | 19-- | |
Total expenditure for research and experimental development (US$eq.) | $ | 19-- | |
Other data
|
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 36: PROMOTING EDUCATION,
PUBLIC AWARENESS AND TRAINING
a) Reorientation of education towards sustainable
development
No information
b) Increasing public awareness
No information
c) Promoting training
No information
ROLE OF MAJOR GROUPS: No information
FINANCING AND COST EVALUATION OF THE LABOUR ACTIVITIES: No
information
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT: No information.
Latest 199- | ||||
Adult literacy rate (%) Male | ||||
Adult literacy rate (%) Female | ||||
% of primary school children reaching grade 5 (1986-97) | ||||
Mean number of years of schooling | ||||
% of GNP spent on education | ||||
Females per 100 males in secondary school | ||||
Women per 100 men in the labour force | ||||
Other data
|
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 37: NATIONAL MECHANISMS
AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR
CAPACITY-BUILDING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
National capacity building is also covered under sectoral
chapters.
Donors: You may wish to describe here how Agenda 21 has
influenced your ODA policies in this area.
Developing countries: You may wish to describe any new
national mechanisms for capacity building - and any
changes in technical cooperation.
NATIONAL PRIORITY:
STATUS REPORT ON NATIONAL ENDOGENOUS CAPACITY
BUILDING: No information.
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 38: INTERNATIONAL
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
Ch. 38: Brief summary of any particular UN System
response affecting this country/state:
No information.
|
AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 39: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL
INSTRUMENTS AND MECHANISMS
Ch. 39: International Legal Instruments are covered
under the relevant sectoral chapters. This is a listing of major
agreements/conventions (not already covered) entered into and
relevant to Agenda 21:
No information.
|
2. | International cooperation and trade | |||||
3. | Combating poverty | |||||
4. | Changing consumption patterns | |||||
5. | Demographic dynamics and sustainability | |||||
6. | Human health | |||||
7. | Human settlements | |||||
8. | Integrating E & D in decision-making | |||||
9. | Protection of the atmosphere | |||||
10. | Integrated planning and management of land resources | |||||
11. | Combating deforestation | |||||
12. | Combating desertification and drought | |||||
13. | Sustainable mountain development | |||||
14. | Sustainable agriculture and rural development | |||||
15. | Conservation of biological diversity | |||||
16. | Biotechnology | |||||
17. | Oceans, seas, coastal areas and their living resources | |||||
18. | Freshwater resources | |||||
19. | Toxic chemicals | |||||
20. | Hazardous wastes | |||||
21. | Solid wastes | |||||
22. | Radioactive wastes | |||||
24. | Women in sustainable development | |||||
25. | Children and youth | |||||
26. | Indigenous people | |||||
27. | Non-governmental organizations | |||||
28. | Local authorities | |||||
29. | Workers and trade unions | |||||
30. | Business and industry | |||||
31. | Scientific and technological community | |||||
32. | Farmers | |||||
33. | Financial resources and mechanisms | |||||
34. | Technology, cooperation and capacity-building | |||||
35. | Science for sustainable development | |||||
36. | Education, public awareness and training | |||||
37. | International cooperation for capacity-building | |||||
38. | International institutional arrangements | |||||
39. | International legal instruments | |||||
40. | Information for decision-making |
No information
Latest 199- | ||||
Number of telephones in use per 100 inhabitants | ||||
Other data
|
Copyright © United Nations
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Comments and suggestions: esa@un.org
Last updated 1 November 1997