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Status
Swaziland is a small, landlocked country of 17,364 square kilometers bounded to the East
by Mozambique and otherwise surrounded by South Africa.
Geographically, Swaziland is unique. Despite its small area, the country is divided into four distinct physiographic regions from west to east. The Highveld, to the west, comprises mountains with numerous rivers, waterfalls and gorges. The climate is temperate with warm, wet summers and cool to cold dry winters. The Middleveld incorporates fertile soils and valleys with views of the Highveld and Lowveld. The warm climate is ideal for growing various crops and much of the agricultural activity is found in this region. The Lowveld is sub-tropical and is where two of the country's major crops, sugar and citrus, thrive. The Lubombo Escarpment is mountainous and is the dividing line between Swaziland and Mozambique. The climate is sub-tropical with mixed farming being the major activity. The population of Swaziland is approximately 800,000 people, with an agricultural based economy.
Like most developing countries, Swaziland has been faced with the dilemma of having to accommodate great environmental changes to provide for its growing population needs. The country's development programme lacks the direction and long-term planning policies that incorporates environmental impact assessment (EIA). Such development includes clearing of large tracts of land for agriculture, removal of wildlife and human beings to marginal lands, excavation of landscape for road networks and mining activities, and the establishment of processing factories without comprehensive waste management plans.
This information was provided by the Government of Swaziland to the fifth session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. Last update: 1 April 1997.
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