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Economic Aspects | Natural Resource Aspects | Institutional Aspects | Social Aspects |Egypt
Decision-making responsibilities for issues involving international cooperation are held by: the Egyptian Environment Affairs Agency (EEAA); the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; and the Ministry of Finance.
The Egyptian Environment Affairs Agency has an active ongoing cooperation
programme with many donor agencies (e.g. DANIDA Projects on organization
support, environment education and training, environmental information
and monitoring, ODA, USAID, etc.). The total funding for ongoing supported
donor projects reached 902,153,727 L.E. in Dec. 1996.
Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
Donors provide assistance in priority areas designated in the Environmental Action Plan of Egypt and the Egyptian National Environmental Strategies. Egypt's general policy for international cooperation in the field of the environment centers around the following main issues:
Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies and Plans
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Major Groups involvement
No information is available.
Programmes and Projects
No information is available.
Status
No information is available.
Challenges
No information is available.
Capacity-building, Education, Training and Awareness-raising
No information is available.
Information
No information is available.
Research and Technologies
No information is available.
Financing
No information is available.
Cooperation
No information is available.
This information is based on Egypts submission to the 5th Session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, April 1997. Last update: April 1997
For National Economic Indicators (updated monthly), click here.
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Decision-making responsibilities for issues involving trade are held by the Egyptian Environment Affairs Agency (EEAA), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Trade and Supplies.
In addition, a permanent Committee on Trade and Environment affiliated to the Ministry of Supply and Foreign Trade was established in January 1995 to enhance the relationship between trade and environment and to help make them mutually supportive. In 1996, the Committee conducted a study on trade and environment in Egypt.
Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies and Plans
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Major Groups involvement
No information is available.
Programmes and Projects
No information is available.
Status
No information is available.
Challenges
No information is available.
Capacity-building, Education, Training and Awareness-raising
No information is available.
Information
No information is available.
Research and Technologies
No information is available.
Financing
No information is available.
Cooperation
No information is available.
This information is based on Egypt's submission to the 5th Session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, April 1997. Last update: April 1997
For National Economic Indicators (updated monthly), click here.
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Decision-Making: Coordinating Bodies
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies and Plans
Egypt has policies aimed at improving energy and materials efficiency, reducing waste, and modifying the behaviour of relevant actors. One of the most important local issues that has been circulating around Egypt is the change from leaded to unleaded fuel and the use of CNG in cars.
Decision-Making: Major Groups involvement
No information is available.
Programmes and Projects
No information is available.
Status
Egypt has 27.7 motor vehicles per 1000 inhabitants, and policies have been developed to improve the energy efficiency of the transport sector as well.
Although consumption habits need long periods of time to change, a gradual difference is realized among Egyptians every year.
Challenges
No information is available.
Capacity-building, Education, Training and Awareness-raising
No information is available.
Information
No information is available.
Research and Technologies
No information is available.
Financing
No information is available.
Cooperation
No information is available.
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This information is based on Egypt's submission to the 5th Session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, April 1997. Last update: 1 April 1997
For
national information about recycling, click here. (Under construction)
For
EIA models, click here. (Under construction)
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
The Environment Affairs Agency is currently working on a proposal for
an Economic Incentives System in the field of environment, introducing
mainly the use of soft loans, grants and reduction in customs duty as a
means to support institutions undertaking environmental activities.
Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies and Plans
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Major Groups involvement
No information is available.
Programmes and Projects
No information is available.
Status
Egypt's national priority is to mobilize both local and external resources to address environmental problems. The Government of Egypt is allocating local resources for environmental protection in the 5-year plan 1997-2002 with a total of 4,168,042,000 L.E. In addition to this, the Government is receiving support in the field of environment from donors, including, for example, USAID, DANIDA and JICA. The total funds for ongoing donor-supported projects reached 902,153,727 L.E. in December 1996.
Challenges
No information is available.
Capacity-building, Education, Training and Awareness-raising
No information is available.
Information
No information is available.
Research and Technologies
Financing
No information is available.
Cooperation
Sources of assistance included Abu-Dhabi, Canada, France, K.F.W., Germany, The Netherlands, and the United States.
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This information is based on Egypts' submission to the 5th and 6th Sessions of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. Last update: June 1998
For the
Technical Cooperation Office for the Environment within EEAA, click here.
For
information on participating States in the Global Environment Facility,
click here:
For
information about issues and projects in Middle East and North Africa from
the World Bank, click here:
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Decision-Making: Coordinating Bodies
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies and Plans
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Major Groups involvement
No information is available.
Programmes
and Projects
Egypt is currently preparing a National Programme for the Promotion of ESTs, formulated along the following sectoral lines: freshwater resources management; waste and hazardous waste management; manufacturing and chemical processing; energy production; and transportation. Programmes of Action will be provided as soon as the overall programmes is finalized.
Egypt has a programme to promote cleaner production. For example, the Egyptian Environment Affairs Agency (EEAA) will continue to administrate the National Industrial Pollution Prevention Program (NIPPP) to promote low cost pollution prevention measures and cleaner production technologies that will yield environmental and economic benefits for industry. Outputs include replicable demonstration projects in the various sectors.
The national program for an Environmental Management System (EMS) was instituted to promote ISO 14000 certification; in the course of that program's ongoing activities, EEAA shall develop, within one year, a workplan for assisting industries to formulate and implement the System.
Status
No
information is available.
Challenges
No information is available.
Capacity-building, Education, Training and Awareness-raising
To facilitate the transfer of ESTs to small and medium sized enterprises, Egypt has a Programme to Strengthen the Industrial Capability to Manage its Environmental Responsibilities. For each category of generators of small quantities of waste, EEAA will prepare mitigation plans, including photo-processing laboratories, dry-cleaning plants, gasoline stations, etc. For medium-quantity generators, EEAA will prepare action plans in such areas as metal founding, lead smelters, tanneries and the electroplating industry.
Information
No information is available.
Research and Technologies
EEAA launched the "First International Conference and Trade Fair on Environmental Management and Technologies", Environment '97 in Cairo from 16-18 February 1997. Up-to-date environmental management schemes and emerging technologies were presented covering various fields and potential for sustainable development.
Financing
No information is available.
Cooperation
No information is available..
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This information is based on Egypt's submission to the 5th and 6th
Sessions of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. Last
update: June 1998
The Egyptian Environment Affairs Agency (EEAA) has initiated several
activities and programs which cover the approach of environmental management
of biotechnology in coordination with other line ministers.
Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies and Plans
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Major Groups involvement
No information is available.
Programmes and Projects
No information is available.
Status
As a part of its environmental sector strategy, Egypt has a number of objectives concerning the sustainable management of biotechnology. These include expanding the technologies of biotechnology in afforestation and agriculture, eliminating overdependence on agrochemicals by developing the technologies and production of biological fertilizers, raising public awareness regarding the relative beneficial aspects and safe application of biotechnology to contribute to sustainable development, and improving the technologies of biological treatment of water and wastewater.
Challenges
No information is available.
Capacity-building, Education, Training and Awareness-raising
No information is available.
Information
No information is available.
Research and Technologies
Among the technologies covered during the "First International Conference
and Trade Fair on Environmental Management and Technologies", Environment
'97, in Cairo from 16-18 February 1997, were biotechnology and its applications
in afforestation, water and wastewater treatment and biofertilizers.
Financing
No information is available.
Cooperation
No information is available.
This information is based on Egypt's submission to the 5th Session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, April 1997. Last update: April 1997
For the National Science and Technology
Centre, click here.
Click here to link
to the Biosafety Information Network and Advisory Service (BINAS), a service
of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), which
monitors global developments in regulatory issues in biotechnology.
Click here to go to the Web
Site of UNEP's International Register on Biosafety.
Click here for the
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Biosafety
WebPages
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No information is available.
Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies and Plans
A National Strategy for Industry is currently being developed. Within the Strategy, there are several Programmes of Action. Details will be provided as available. Among other elements, the Strategy depends upon the following:
Decision-Making: Major Groups involvement
No information is available.
Programmes and Projects
There is a Programme of Action for Ozone Depleting Substances, with specific targets for industry, to be met by the year 2005. There is also a general policy to promote Green Industry.
Status
All subsectors of industry are responsible for emitting one or more principal pollutants, as enumerated below. Pollution of freshwater resources by industrial establishments is the most significant environmental problem facing Egypt. Industry produces more than four billion cubic metres of waste water per year -- a quantity which carries an immense load of pollutants.
The principal threats to human health from industry are due to air pollution, water contamination, and solid and hazardous wastes. Air Pollution - Unacceptable levels of SOx, NOx, Particulates, metal oxides, and hydrocarbons especially in Industrial zones in greater Cairo and Alexandria . This is due to metal, fertilizer, cement, and chemical industries, lead smelters, foundries and mining works.
Water Contamination - From Industrial waste water discharged to River Nile and canals, while they are -in the same time- the source of drinking water. Main pollutants are heavy metals from chemical industries, electroplating units, dyeng, and engineering industries, BOD from food industries; oil and grease from the oil industry.
Solid and hazardous wastes - From handling, transportation, storage and waste disposal of pesticides, solvents, flammable materials, peroxides, toxic materials, explosives and pigments.
Challenges
No information is available.
Capacity-building, Education, Training and Awareness-raising
No information is available.
Information
No information is available.
Research and Technologies
No information is available.
Financing
No information is available.
Cooperation
* * *
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Decision-Making: Coordinating Bodies
No
information is available.
Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
No
information is available.
Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies and Plans
No
information is available.
Decision-Making: Major Groups Involvement
No
information is available.
No information is available.
Status
Egypt has 27.7 motor vehicles per 1000 inhabitants. Policies are in place to improve the energy efficiency of the transport sector.
Challenges
No
information is available.
Capacity-building, Education, Training and Awareness-raising
No
information is available.
Information
No
information is available.
Research and Technologies
No
information is available.
Financing
No
information is available.
Cooperation
No information is available.
* * *
This information is based on Egypt's submission to the 5th Session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, April 1997. Last update: 1 April 1997.
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No information is
available.
Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
No information is available.
Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies and Plans
Currently, under the umbrella of the Gore-Mubarak initiative, the Environmental
Sustainable Tourism Project aims at promoting the new concept of eco-tourism
through implementation of various pilot activities in the Red Sea Region
and the development of a National Environmental Sustainable Tourism Strategy.
Decision-Making: Major
Groups involvement
No information is available.
Programmes and Projects
No information is available.
Status
No information is
available.
Challenges
No information is
available.
Capacity-building, Education, Training and Awareness-raising
No information is
available.
Information
No information is
available.
Research and Technologies
No information is
available.
Financing
No information is
available.
Cooperation
No information is available.
* * *
This information is based on Egypt's submission to the 5th Session
of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, April 1997.
Last update: April 1997
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