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Economic Aspects | Natural Resource Aspects | Institutional Aspects | Social Aspects |Cyprus
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Decision-Making: Coordinating Bodies
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Decision-Making: Legislation and Regulations
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Decision-Making: Strategies, Policies and Plans
One
of the principal objectives of Cyprus for the integration of environment,
development and health is to protect and promote human health and well-being.
The
objectives of primary health care policy are the following: integrating
preventive and curative services at the primary health care level; encouraging a
team-based practice in rural and urban health centres; providing personal
individual and family care; and, establishing a referral system from primary to
secondary and tertiary care
The introduction of a National Health Scheme in Cyprus, for which a comprehensive law was passed in 2001, is expected to place more emphasis to primary health care. In the meantime, both the number of rural health centres and sub- centres and the number of doctors in the rural areas has increased significantly.
Decision-Making: Major Groups Involvement
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Programmes and Projects
The
Government provision of primary health care in the urban areas is concentrated
in the outpatients departments of hospitals. In the rural areas, primary health
care is provided through 23 rural health centres and 217 sub-centres, to which
general physicians (usually one or two) are permanently attached.
Concerning the control of communicable diseases, an immunization programme (EPI) for the prevention of communicable diseases has been developed with high levels of immunization coverage.
Status
The EPI has resulted in the elimination of neonatal tetanus and diptheria and the limitation to very low numbers of cases of pertussis and measles. Poliomyelitis is almost eradicated. The percentage of immunization is very high, reaching 96% for DTP3 and OPV3 and 83% of MMR. The immunization for Hepatitis B is estimated to be 28% among infants (18-30 months). The percentage of HBV carriers among the general population of Cyprus is estimated at about 2%. Cyprus is one of the countries with a relatively low prevalence of HIV infection.
Challenges
By
1985, it was considered that the parasite of echninococcus had been eradicated.
However, later, several cases of cystic echinococcosis in humans were detected
and dogs were found infected with ehninococcus. This has resulted in the
initiation of new programme for the eradication of echninococcosis in Cyprus by
the Department of Veterinary Services.
Reckettsia
typhi is causing sporadic cases of Murine (endemic) typhus each year, especially
near farms with animal husbandry. This is due to bad hygiene conditions, which
favour the increase of the number of rats, especially near the buffer zone
between the Government-controlled area and the occupied area.
Other objectives in this sector are: achievement and sustainability of 100% of immunization coverage for DPT, OPV and MMR among infants; control and reduction of HBV carriers; control of the potential threat posed by the global AIDS pandemic; control and eradication of echninococcosis, malaria and murine (endemic) typhus.
Capacity-building, Education, Training
and Awareness-raising
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Information
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Research and Technologies
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Financing
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Cooperation
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