General Assembly

Distr. GENERAL  

17 December 1991

ORIGINAL:
ENGLISH

                                                      A/RES/46/134
                                                      75th plenary meeting
                                                      17 December 1991
                Situation of human rights in Iraq
 
      The General Assembly,
 
      Guided by the principles embodied in the Charter of the United Nations,
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenants
on Human Rights,
 
      Reaffirming that all Member States have an obligation to promote and
protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and to fulfil the obligations
they have undertaken under the various international instruments in this
field,
 
      Mindful that Iraq is a party to the International Covenants on Human
Rights;
 
      Recalling Security Council resolution 688 (1991) of 5 April 1991, in
which the Council demanded an end to the repression of the Iraqi civilian
population and insisted that Iraq should cooperate with humanitarian
organizations and ensure that the human and political rights of all Iraqi
citizens are respected,
 
      Recalling also the pertinent resolutions of the Commission on Human
Rights and the Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of
Minorities, which expressed grave concern at the flagrant violations of human
rights by the Government of Iraq,
                                                                          /...
      Recalling in particular Commission on Human Rights resolution 1991/74 of
6 March 1991, in which the Commission requested its Chairman to appoint a
special rapporteur to make a thorough study of the violations of human rights
by the Government of Iraq, based on all information the special rapporteur may
deem relevant, including information provided by intergovernmental and non-
governmental organizations and any comments and material provided by the
Government of Iraq, and to submit an interim report thereon to the General
Assembly at its forty-sixth session and a report to the Commission at its
forty-eighth session,
 
      Deeply concerned by the volume and extent of allegations of human rights
violations by the Government of Iraq, such as arbitrary arrests and
detentions, enforced or involuntary disappearances, torture, inhuman or
degrading practices, extrajudicial killings, summary or arbitrary executions,
hostage-taking and use of persons as "human shields", the lack of freedom of
expression and the absence of an independent judiciary,
 
      Noting the view of the Special Rapporteur that these allegations are
each day increasing and necessitate considerable and detailed examination,
 
      Deeply concerned by the fact that chemical weapons have been used on the
Kurdish civilian population, by the forced displacement of hundreds of
thousands of Kurds and the destruction of Kurdish towns and villages, as well
as by the situation of tens of thousands of displaced Kurds living in camps in
the north of Iraq and by the deportation of thousands of Kurdish families,
 
      Also deeply concerned by the repressive measures taken by the Government
of Iraq against the Shiah communities in the south of Iraq,
 
      Concerned especially by the alleged use of excessive force by the
Government of Iraq against Iraqi civilians, in particular the Kurds and the
Shiites, 
 
      Noting with interest the message conveyed to the Special    Rapporteur
by the Government of Iraq of its intention fully to cooperate with him, with
such cooperation including acceptance of a visit to Iraq to       investigate
the allegations of violations of human rights in that country,
 
      Regretting, however, that the Government of Iraq has failed to answer a
considerable number of specific questions asked by the Special Rapporteur on
acts being committed by the Government of Iraq that are incompatible with
international human rights instruments that are binding on that Government,
 
      1.    Takes note with appreciation of the interim report of the Special
Rapporteur and the considerations and observations contained therein;
 
      2.    Expresses its deep concern about the numerous and detailed
allegations of grave human rights violations by the Government of Iraq to
which the Special Rapporteur has referred in his report, in particular:
                                                                          /...
      (a)   Arbitrary detention, including that of women, children and the
elderly, as well as the systematic practice of torture and other cruel,
inhuman or degrading practices, and of enforced or involuntary disappearances
as a part of a general structured programme of repression aimed at quelling
opposition;
 
      (b)   Extrajudicial killings, including political killings and summary
or arbitrary executions throughout the country, particularly in the northern
Kurdish autonomous region, in southern Shiah centres and in the southern
marshes; 
 
      (c)   Hostage-taking and the use of persons as "human shields", a most
grave and blatant violation of Iraq's obligations under international law;
 
      3.    Calls upon the Government of Iraq to release all persons arrested
and detained without ever being informed of charges against them, and without
access to legal counsel or due process of law;
 
      4.    Also calls upon the Government of Iraq, as a State party to the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to abide by its
obligations under this Covenant and under other international instruments on
human rights, and particularly to respect and ensure these rightsfor
individuals irrespective of their origin within its territory and subject to
its jurisdiction, including Kurds and Shiites;
 
      5.    Regrets the failure of the Government of Iraq to provide
satisfactory replies to all the allegations of violations of human rights, and
calls uponit to reply quickly in a comprehensive and detailed manner to these
allegations so as to enable the Special Rapporteur to form an accurate
assessment as a basis for his recommendations to the  Commission on Human
Rights;
 
      6.    Urges, therefore, the Government of Iraq to accord its full
cooperation to the Special Rapporteur during his forthcoming visit to Iraq to
investigate the allegations of violations of human rights;
 
      7.    Requests the Secretary-General to give all necessary assistance to
the Special Rapporteur to fulfil his mandate;
 
      8.    Decides to continue the examination of the situation of human
rights in Iraq during its forty-seventh session under the item entitled "Human
rights questions", in the light of additional elements provided by the
Commission on Human Rights and the Economic and Social Council.