| United Nations | A/RES/41/35 |
General Assembly
Distr. GENERAL
10 November 1986
ORIGINAL:
ENGLISH
A/RES/41/35
10 November 1986
64th plenary meeting
Policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa
A
Situation in South Africa and assistance to
the liberation movements
The General Assembly,
Having considered the report of the Special Committee against Apartheid,
Recalling its resolution 40/64 B of 10 December 1985,
Reaffirming that the international community, and the United Nations in
particular, have a special responsibility to assist the people of South Africa
and their liberation movements in their heroic struggle against apartheid and
for the full exercise of their right to self-determination within a united,
democratic and non-racial South Africa,
Gravely concerned at the institutionalized and continuing escalation of
the reign of repressive and increasing state terror by the racist regime, the
maintenance of the state of emergency, the virtually limitless powers of the
police and security forces to arrest, detain, torture and kill opponents of
apartheid, the use of regime-sponsored death squads and vigilantes to spread
fear as well as the establishment and operation of "reorientation camps" by
the racist regime to attempt brainwashing former detainees into acquiescence,
Gravely concerned at the increasing use of capital punishment by the
racist regime against freedom fighters and patriots and their execution in
defiance of international protests and appeals, and alarmed that the racist
regime is now applying collective death penalties as in the case of the six
Sharpeville patriots sentenced for opposing the imposition of the "new
constitution" in September 1984,
Noting with indignation that the apartheid regime is persisting with its
policy of "bantustanization" aimed at further uprooting the oppressed people
of South Africa, dispossessing it of its inalienable rights, depriving it of
citizenship and fragmenting the country,
Gravely concerned, in this regard, that the Pretoria racist regime has
continued its odious practice of forced removals,
Deploring the imposition of censorship and other restrictions on the
media by the racist regime, in particular on press reports and the
transmission of audio-visual material, aimed at concealing the ruthless
atrocities perpetrated by the apartheid regime from world public opinion,
Reaffirming the legitimacy of the struggle of the oppressed people of
South Africa and their right to choose all available means, including armed
struggle, for the total eradication of apartheid,
Noting with grave concern the escalation of the aggression, state
terrorism, and destabilization through political subversion and economic
blackmail by the apartheid regime against independent African States,
Stressing that the racist apartheid regime is the root cause of the
conflict in southern Africa, and that as long as it exists there will be
neither peace in the region, nor security for any country nor true
independence for Namibia, and that it must, therefore, be eradicated,
Recognizing the continued collaboration with and active support of the
racist regime by certain Western and other Governments, transnational
corporations, banks and other financial institutions as a major obstacle to
the efforts of the oppressed people of South Africa and the international
community for the total eradication of apartheid,
1. Strongly condemns once again the policies and practices of apartheid
of the racist regime of South Africa, in particular its brutal oppression,
repression and genocidal violence against the people of South Africa;
2. Reaffirms its full support to the people of South Africa in their
struggle, under the leadership of their national liberation movements, for the
total eradication of apartheid, so that they can exercise their right of
self-determination in a free, democratic, unfragmented and non-racial South
Africa;
3. Commends the people of South Africa and the liberation movements for
their heroic and sustained struggle against the apartheid regime and reaffirms
the legitimacy of their struggle as well as their right to choose the
necessary means, including armed struggle, to attain their noble objectives;
4. Commends the trade unions, student associations, women's
organizations and other mass organizations in South Africa that have
associated themselves with the struggle of the people for the elimination of
apartheid in the face of the onslaught by the regime;
5. Commends the independent African States in southern Africa for their
tremendous sacrifices and for their continuing support to the people of South
Africa and their liberation movements;
6. Strongly condemns the continued and increasing use of capital
punishment against freedom fighters and patriots, and their execution in
defiance of international protests and appeals;
7. Demands that existing death sentences against and further executions
of freedom fighters and patriots be annulled and halted, and that the six
Sharpeville patriots be released immediately;
8. Demands once more that captured freedom fighters in South Africa be
treated as prisoners of war in accordance with Additional Protocol I to the
Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949;
9. Further demands the immediate and unconditional release of all
political prisoners and detainees in South Africa, including Nelson Mandela
and Zephania Mothopeng;
10. Vehemently condemns the racist regime of South Africa for its
continued illegal occupation of Namibia and its escalation of aggression,
state terrorism, and destabilization through political subversion and economic
blackmail against independent African States;
11. Condemns the continued collaboration with the apartheid regime by
Governments of certain Western and other countries, transnational
corporations, banks and other financial institutions, which gives
encouragement to the racist regime in its repression of the legitimate
struggle of the people and in its defiance of the demand of the international
community for the total eradication of apartheid;
12. Affirms the view that the occupation of southern Angola by the
racist regime was in large part facilitated by the policies pursued by the
United States Administration in the region, especially its support for the
armed criminal bandits of the Unicao Nacional para a Independencia Total de
Angola and its policies of "constructive engagement" and "linkage";
13. Strongly condemns the state of emergency in South Africa and
requests that the international community exert maximum pressure on the
apartheid regime, including comprehensive and mandatory sanctions, as the most
appropriate, effective and peaceful means available for the elimination of
apartheid, the liberation of Namibia and the maintenance of peace in southern
Africa, in order to attain the total eradication of apartheid, and especially
press on:
(a) Immediate lifting of the state of emergency;
(b) Immediate withdrawal of racist troops from and around the townships;
(c) Immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners,
including those detained under the state of emergency;
(d) Immediate end to repression, violence and terror in South Africa;
(e) Abrogation of bans on political organizations;
(f) Immediate and unconditional guarantee for the safe return of South
African political exiles who have been arbitrarily deprived of the right to
enter their own country;
(g) Cessation of all military, political and economic action aimed at
destabilizing independent African States, and respect for their independence,
sovereignty and territorial integrity;
14. Strongly condemns the continued forced removals of black communities
by the Pretoria racist regime;
15. Appeals to all States, intergovernmental and non-governmental
organizations, mass media, city and other local authorities as well as
individuals urgently to increase political, economic, educational, legal,
humanitarian and all other forms of necessary assistance to the oppressed
people of South Africa and their national liberation movements;
16. Also appeals to all States and intergovernmental and
non-governmental organizations to step up material, financial and other forms
of support to the front-line and other member States of the Southern African
Development Co-ordination Conference and to assist them in resisting the
aggression, state terrorism and destabilization through political subversion
and economic blackmail by the racist regime;
17. Decides to continue the authorization of adequate financial
provision in the regular budget of the United Nations to enable the South
African liberation movements recognized by the Organization of African Unity -
namely, the African National Congress of South Africa and the Pan Africanist
Congress of Azania - to maintain offices in New York in order to participate
effectively in the deliberations of the Special Committee against Apartheid
and other appropriate bodies.
B
Comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against the racist regime
of South Africa
The General Assembly,
Recalling and reaffirming its resolution 40/64 A of 10 December 1985,
Recalling its relevant resolutions and those of the Security Council
calling for concerted international action to force the racist regime of South
Africa to start eliminating apartheid,
Reaffirming that apartheid is a crime against humanity and a threat to
international peace and security, and that the United Nations has a primary
responsibility to assist in efforts to eliminate it without further delay,
Reaffirming its support to the struggle of the people of South Africa for
the exercise of their right to self-determination and for the establishment of
a democratic, united and non-racial South Africa,
Gravely concerned at the intransigence of the apartheid regime and its
escalation of violence against the oppressed people of South Africa, its
continued illegal occupation of Namibia, its acts of aggression, internal and
external state terrorism, and destabilization through political subversion and
economic blackmail against independent African States,
Noting that continued political, economic, military, cultural and other
forms of collaboration with the racist regime of South Africa bolster the
regime in its attempt to break its international isolation, thus encouraging
it to persist in its defiance of world public opinion and to escalate its
repression, aggression and destabilization,
Reaffirming its conviction that the imposition of comprehensive and
mandatory sanctions by the Security Council under Chapter VII of the Charter
of the United Nations is the most appropriate, effective and peaceful means by
which the international community can aid the legitimate struggle of the
oppressed people of South Africa, and by which the United Nations will
discharge its responsibilities for the maintenance of international peace and
security,
Deploring the fact that certain Western permanent members of the Security
Council have prevented the Council from adopting comprehensive and mandatory
sanctions against South Africa under Chapter VII of the Charter,
Expressing its grave concern at the continued violation of the mandatory
arms embargo adopted by the Security Council in its resolution 418 (1977) of
4 November 1977 as well as the nuclear collaboration by certain Western States
and Israel with the racist regime of South Africa,
Welcoming action taken by legislative bodies, municipalities and other
government institutions as well as universities, churches, labour unions, and
student and women's groups to promote divestment from corporations and
financial institutions that are collaborating with South Africa,
1. Endorses the report of the Special Committee against Apartheid and
the Declaration adopted by the World Conference on Sanctions against Racist
South Africa;
2. Strongly condemns the racist regime of South Africa for its brutal
repression and violence against the oppressed people of South Africa, its
illegal occupation of Namibia and its repeated acts of aggression, state
terrorism and destabilization through political subversion and economic
blackmail against independent African States;
3. Condemns the policy of "constructive engagement" and similar
policies of appeasement that have ignored the reign of terror by the racist
regime and encouraged its illegal occupation of Namibia and aggression against
independent African States;
4. Condemns the activities of those transnational corporations and
financial institutions that have continued to collaborate with South Africa;
5. Calls upon the Security Council urgently to take action under
Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations with a view to applying
comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against South Africa and urges the
Governments of the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland and others that are opposed to the application of
comprehensive and mandatory sanctions to reassess their position and
facilitate the application of those sanctions by the Security Council;
6. Urges the Security Council to adopt measures to strengthen the
mandatory arms embargo adopted by its resolution 418 (1977), in accordance
with the relevant recommendations contained in the Final Declaration of the
International Seminar on the United Nations Arms Embargo against South Africa,
held in London from 28 to 30 May 1986;
7. Requests all States that have not yet done so, pending action by the
Security Council, urgently to adopt legislative and other comparable measures
to ensure the total isolation of South Africa;
8. Calls upon Member States to exclude the South African regime from
all organizations within the United Nations system where this has not already
been done;
9. Calls once again upon the International Monetary Fund urgently to
terminate credit and other assistance to the racist regime of South Africa;
10. Further calls upon all organizations within the United Nations
system to ensure the total isolation of South Africa and of transnational
corporations, banks, financial and other institutions that are collaborating
with South Africa;
11. Requests the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to ensure
compliance by the United Nations system with paragraph 15 of General Assembly
resolution 40/64 A;
12. Requests the Secretary-General, bearing in mind paragraph 15 of
resolution 40/64 A, to undertake a study on the relationship of various
specialized agencies, bodies and organizations of the United Nations system
with banks and financial institutions that conduct business in or with
entities in South Africa.
C
Relations between Israel and South Africa
The General Assembly,
Reaffirming its resolutions on relations between Israel and South Africa,
Having considered the special report of the Special Committee against
Apartheid on recent developments concerning relations between Israel and South
Africa,
Taking note of the relevant provision of the Political Declaration of the
Eighth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries,
held at Harare from 1 to 6 September 1986,
Noting with appreciation the efforts of the Special Committee to disclose
the increasing collaboration between Israel and South Africa,
Reiterating that the increasing collaboration by Israel with the racist
regime of South Africa, especially in the economic, military and nuclear
fields, in defiance of resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security
Council, is a serious hindrance to international action for the eradication of
apartheid, an encouragement to the racist regime of South Africa to persist in
its criminal policy of apartheid and a hostile act against the oppressed
people of South Africa and the entire African continent and constitutes a
threat to international peace and security,
1. Again strongly condemns the continuing and increasing collaboration
of Israel with the racist regime of South Africa, especially in the economic,
military and nuclear fields;
2. Demands that Israel desist from and terminate forthwith all forms of
collaboration with South Africa, particularly in the economic, military and
nuclear fields, and abide scrupulously by the relevant resolutions of the
General Assembly and the Security Council;
3. Calls upon all Governments and organizations in a position to do so
to exert their influence to persuade Israel to desist from such collaboration;
4. Commends the Special Committee against Apartheid for publicizing
information on the growing relations between Israel and South Africa and
promoting public awareness of the grave dangers of the alliance between Israel
and South Africa;
5. Requests the Special Committee to continue to publicize, as widely
as possible, information on the relations between Israel and South Africa;
6. Requests the Secretary-General to render, through the Department of
Public Information and the Centre against Apartheid of the Secretariat, all
possible assistance to the Special Committee in disseminating information
relating to the collaboration between Israel and South Africa;
7. Further requests the Special Committee to keep the matter under
constant review and to report to the General Assembly and the Security Council
as appropriate.
D
Programme of work of the Special Committee against Apartheid
The General Assembly,
Having considered the report of the Special Committee against Apartheid,
1. Commends the Special Committee against Apartheid for its vigorous
efforts to promote and strengthen concerted international action in support of
the legitimate aspirations of the oppressed people of South Africa as a
significant part of implementing relevant United Nations resolutions;
2. Endorses the recommendations contained in paragraphs 222 to 226 of
the report of the Special Committee relating to its programme of work and
activities to promote the international campaign against apartheid;
3. Supports the efforts of the Special Committee to give effect to the
recommendations contained in the Declaration adopted by the World Conference
on Sanctions against Racist South Africa so as to broaden the ever-growing
international consensus in favour of comprehensive and mandatory sanctions;
4. Authorizes the Special Committee to organize, co-sponsor or
participate in conferences, seminars, hearings and other activities and events
that will deepen knowledge of the various aspects of apartheid in order to
foster as active and action-oriented a political commitment as it may deem
necessary for the discharge of its responsibilities, within the financial
resources allocated under the present resolution, and requests the
Secretary-General to provide the necessary staff and services for such
activities;
5. Further authorizes the Special Committee to hold consultations with
and to send missions to Governments, parliaments, legislative institutions,
intergovernmental, non-governmental and other organizations as appropriate, in
order to strengthen co-ordinated and effective action against apartheid and to
promote a peaceful and speedy transition to a non-racial and democratic system
in a united South Africa;
6. Decides to make a special allocation of $375,000 to the Special
Committee for 1987 from the regular budget of the United Nations to cover the
cost of special projects to be decided upon by the Committee in order to
promote the international campaign against apartheid;
7. Again requests Governments and organizations to make voluntary
contributions or provide other assistance for the special projects of the
Special Committee and to make generous contributions to the Trust Fund for
Publicity against Apartheid.
E
Status of the International Convention against Apartheid in Sports
The General Assembly,
Recalling its resolution 40/64 G of 10 December 1985, by which it adopted
and opened for signature and ratification the International Convention against
Apartheid in Sports,
Bearing in mind the recommendations of the World Conference on Sanctions
against Racist South Africa, in which States are urged to consider acceding to
the Convention,
Considering that all forms of collaboration, including those in the field
of sports, with racist South Africa bolster the regime in its attempts to
break its international isolation,
Convinced that the Convention, together with the International Covenants
on Human Rights and the International Convention on the Suppression and
Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid, would be important instruments towards
the isolation of the racist regime of South Africa,
Commending athletes who have demonstrated solidarity with the oppressed
people of South Africa by complying with the sports boycott of racist South
Africa,
Welcoming the signing by a significant number of States of the
Convention,
1. Reaffirms that the racist regime of South Africa must be isolated in
all fields, including that of sports;
2. Expresses its satisfaction at the significant number of States that
have signed and ratified the International Convention against Apartheid in
Sports since it was solemnly opened for signature, ratification and accession
on 16 May 1986;
3. Appeals to those States that have not yet done so to sign and ratify
or accede to the Convention without further delay;
4. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at
its forty-second session a report on the status of the Convention.
F
Oil embargo against South Africa
The General Assembly,
Having considered the report of the Special Committee against Apartheid,
Recalling its resolutions concerning an oil embargo against South Africa,
Welcoming the Declaration adopted by the United Nations Seminar on Oil
Embargo against South Africa, held at Oslo from 4 to 6 June 1986, and the
relevant provisions of the Declaration adopted by the World Conference on
Sanctions against Racist South Africa,
Convinced that an effective oil embargo against South Africa would
complement the arms embargo in preventing aggression by the apartheid regime,
its repression of the oppressed people of South Africa and Namibia and its
attacks against neighbouring States,
Noting that while oil-exporting States have committed themselves to an
oil embargo against South Africa very few major shipping States have done so,
Taking note of the recommendation of the Seminar that an
intergovernmental mechanism should be established under the auspices of the
United Nations to monitor compliance with the oil embargo,
Commending action taken by labour unions, student groups and
anti-apartheid organizations against companies involved in the violation of
the oil embargo against South Africa, and for the enforcement of the embargo,
1. Takes note with appreciation of the Declaration adopted by the
United Nations Seminar on Oil Embargo against South Africa and commends it to
the attention of all States;
2. Takes note with satisfaction of the relevant provisions of the
Declaration adopted by the World Conference on Sanctions against Racist South
Africa pertaining to oil and petroleum products;
3. Urges the Security Council to take action urgently to impose a
mandatory embargo on the supply and shipping of oil and petroleum products to
South Africa;
4. Requests all States concerned, pending a decision by the Security
Council, to adopt effective measures and/or legislation to broaden the scope
of the oil embargo in order to ensure the complete cessation of the supply and
shipping of oil and petroleum products to South Africa and Namibia, whether
directly or indirectly, in particular:
(a) To apply strictly the "end users" clause and other conditions
concerning restriction on destination to ensure compliance with the embargo;
(b) To compel the companies originally selling or purchasing oil or
petroleum products, as appropriate for each nation, to desist from selling,
reselling or otherwise transferring oil and petroleum products to South Africa
and Namibia, whether directly or indirectly;
(c) To establish strict control over the supply of oil and petroleum
products to South Africa and Namibia by intermediaries, oil companies and
traders by placing responsibility for the fulfilment of the contract on the
first buyer or seller of oil and petroleum products who would, therefore, be
liable for the actions of these parties;
(d) To prevent access by South Africa to other sources of energy,
including the supply of raw materials, technical know-how, financial
assistance and transport;
(e) To prohibit all assistance to apartheid South Africa, including the
provision of finance, technology, equipment or personnel for the prospecting,
development or production of hydrocarbon resources, the construction or
operation of oil-from-coal plants or the development and operation of plants
producing fuel substitutes and additives such as ethanol and methanol;
(f) To prevent South African corporations from maintaining or expanding
their holdings in oil companies or properties outside South Africa;
(g) To terminate the transport of oil to South Africa by ships flying
their flags, or by ships that are ultimately owned, managed or chartered by
their nationals or by companies within their jurisdiction;
(h) To develop a system for registration of ships, registered or owned
by their nationals, that have unloaded oil in South Africa in contravention of
embargoes imposed;
(i) To impose penal action against companies and individuals that have
been involved in violating the oil embargo;
(j) To gather, exchange and disseminate information regarding violations
of the oil embargo;
5. Decides to establish an Intergovernmental Group to Monitor the
Supply and Shipping of Oil and Petroleum Products to South Africa;
6. Authorizes the President of the General Assembly, in consultation
with the chairmen of regional groups and the Chairman of the Special Committee
against Apartheid, to appoint eleven Member States as members of the
Intergovernmental Group on the basis of equitable geographical distribution
and to ensure representation of oil-exporting States and shipping States;
7. Requests the Intergovernmental Group to submit to the General
Assembly at its forty-second session a report on the implementation of the
present resolution and, in particular, the monitoring of the supply and
shipment of oil and petroleum products to South Africa;
8. Requests the Secretary-General to extend all necessary assistance to
the Special Committee and to the Intergovernmental Group in the implementation
of the present resolution and, in particular, to facilitate the monitoring of
the oil embargo as recommended in the Declaration adopted by the United
Nations Seminar on Oil Embargo against South Africa.
G
United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa
The General Assembly,
Recalling its earlier resolutions on the United Nations Trust Fund for
South Africa, in particular resolution 40/64 H of l0 December l985,
Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the United
Nations Trust Fund for South Africa, to which is annexed the report of the
Committee of Trustees of the Trust Fund,
Gravely concerned at the reimposition of the state of emergency, now
nation-wide, in South Africa and the unprecedented repression of several
thousands of opponents of apartheid, including leaders of democratic political
mass organizations, community and church leaders, students and trade
unionists,
Alarmed by the increasing number of political trials and detentions and
the harsh sentences, including the death penalty, imposed on opponents of
apartheid,
Reaffirming that increased humanitarian and legal assistance by the
international community to those persecuted under repressive and
discriminatory legislation in South Africa and Namibia is essential at this
critical juncture to meet the rapidly increasing needs for such assistance,
Strongly convinced that increased contributions to the Trust Fund and to
the voluntary agencies concerned are necessary to enable them to meet the
growing needs for humanitarian and legal assistance,
l. Endorses the report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations
Trust Fund for South Africa;
2. Expresses its appreciation to the Governments, organizations and
individuals that have contributed to the Trust Fund and to the voluntary
agencies engaged in rendering humanitarian and legal assistance to the victims
of apartheid and racial discrimination;
3. Appeals for generous and increased contributions to the Trust Fund;
4. Also appeals for direct contributions to the voluntary agencies
engaged in rendering assistance to the victims of apartheid and racial
discrimination in South Africa and Namibia;
5. Commends the Secretary-General and the Committee of Trustees of the
United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa for their persistent efforts to
promote humanitarian and legal assistance to persons persecuted under
repressive and discriminatory legislation in South Africa and Namibia, as well
as assistance to their families and to refugees from South Africa.
H
Concerted international action for the elimination of apartheid
The General Assembly,
Alarmed by the aggravation of the situation in South Africa caused by the
policy of apartheid, and lately in particular by the reimposition of the state
of emergency and its extension nation-wide,
Convinced that the root-cause of the crisis in southern Africa is the
policy of apartheid,
Noting with grave concern that in order to perpetuate apartheid in South
Africa the authorities there have increasingly committed acts of aggression
and breaches of the peace,
Convinced that only the total eradication of apartheid and the
establishment of majority rule on the basis of the free and fair exercise of
universal adult suffrage can lead to a peaceful and lasting solution in South
Africa,
Noting that the so-called reforms in South Africa have the effect of
further entrenching the apartheid system and further dividing the people of
South Africa,
Recognizing that the policy of bantustanization deprives the majority of
the people of their citizenship and makes them foreigners in their own
country,
Recognizing the responsibility of the United Nations and the
international community to take all necessary action for the eradication of
apartheid, and, in particular, the need for increased and effective pressure
on the South African authorities as a peaceful means of achieving the
abolition of apartheid,
Encouraged, in this context, by the growing international consensus, as
demonstrated by the adoption of Security Council resolution 569 (1985) of
26 July 1985, and the increase in and expansion of national, regional and
intergovernmental measures to this end,
Taking note of the Declaration adopted by the World Conference on
Sanctions against Racist South Africa,
Convinced of the vital importance of the strict observance of Security
Council resolution 418 (1977) of 4 November 1977, by which the Council
instituted a mandatory arms embargo against South Africa, and Security Council
resolution 558 (1984) of 13 December 1984 concerning the import of arms,
ammunition and military vehicles produced in South Africa, and of the need to
make these embargoes fully effective,
Commending the national policies not to sell and export oil to South
Africa,
Considering that measures to ensure effective and scrupulous
implementation of such embargoes through international co-operation are
essential and urgent,
Noting with deep concern that, through a combination of military and
economic pressures, in violation of international law, the authorities of
South Africa have increasingly resorted to economic reprisals and aggression
against, and destabilization of the neighbouring States,
Considering that contacts between apartheid South Africa and the
front-line and other neighbouring States, necessitated by geography, colonial
legacy and other reasons, should not be used by other States as a pretext for
legitimizing the apartheid system or justifying attempts to break the
international isolation of that system,
Convinced that the existence of apartheid will continue to lead to
ever-increasing resistance by the oppressed people, by all possible means, and
increased tension and conflict that will have far-reaching consequences for
southern Africa and the world,
Convinced that policies of collaboration with the apartheid regime,
instead of respect for the legitimate aspirations of the genuine
representatives of the great majority of the people, will encourage its
repression and aggression against neighbouring States and defiance of the
United Nations,
Expressing its full support for the legitimate aspiration of African
States and peoples, and of the Organization of African Unity, for the total
liberation of the continent of Africa from colonialism and racism,
1. Strongly condemns the policy of apartheid which deprives the
majority of the South African population of their citizenship, fundamental
freedoms and human rights;
2. Strongly condemns the South African authorities for the killings,
arbitrary mass arrests and the detention of members of mass organizations as
well as individuals, the overwhelming majority of whom belong to the majority
population, for opposing the apartheid system and the state of emergency;
3. Further condemns the overt and the covert aggressive actions, which
South Africa has increasingly carried out for the destabilization of
neighbouring States, as well as those aimed against refugees from South Africa
and Namibia;
4. Demands that the authorities of South Africa:
(a) Release immediately and unconditionally Nelson Mandela and all other
political prisoners, detainees and restrictees;
(b) Immediately lift the state of emergency;
(c) Abrogate discriminatory laws and lift bans on all organizations and
individuals, as well as end restrictions on and censorship of news media;
(d) Grant freedom of association and full trade union rights to all
workers of South Africa;
(e) Initiate without pre-conditions a political dialogue with genuine
leaders of the majority population with a view to eradicating apartheid
without delay and establishing a representative government;
(f) Eradicate the bantustan structures;
(g) Immediately withdraw all their troops from southern Angola and end
the destabilization of front-line and other States;
5. Urges the Security Council to consider without delay the adoption of
effective mandatory sanctions against South Africa;
6. Further urges the Security Council to take steps for the strict
implementation of the mandatory arms embargo instituted by it in resolution
418 (1977) and of the arms embargo requested in its resolution 558 (1984) and,
within the context of the relevant resolutions, to secure an end to military
and nuclear co-operation with South Africa and the import of military
equipment or supplies from South Africa;
7. Appeals to all States that have not yet done so, pending mandatory
sanctions by the Security Council, to consider national legislative or other
appropriate measures to increase the pressure on the apartheid regime of South
Africa, such as:
(a) Cessation of further investment in, and financial loans to, South
Africa;
(b) An end to all promotion of and support for trade with South Africa;
(c) Prohibition of the sale of Krugerrand and all other coins minted in
South Africa;
(d) Cessation of all forms of military, police or intelligence
co-operation with the authorities of South Africa, in particular the sale of
computer equipment;
(e) An end to nuclear collaboration with South Africa;
(f) Cessation of export and sale of oil to South Africa;
8. Appeals to all States, organizations and institutions recognizing
the pressing need, existing and potential, of South Africa's neighbouring
States for economic assistance:
(a) To increase assistance to the front-line States and the Southern
African Development Co-ordination Conference in order to increase their
economic strength and independence from South Africa;
(b) To increase humanitarian, legal, educational and other such
assistance and support to the victims of apartheid, to the liberation
movements recognized by the Organization of African Unity and to all those
struggling against apartheid and for a non-racial, democratic society in South
Africa;
9. Appeals to all Governments and organizations to take appropriate
action for the cessation of all academic, cultural, scientific and sports
relations that would support the apartheid regime of South Africa, as well as
relations with individuals, institutions and other bodies endorsing or based
on apartheid;
10. Commends those States that have already adopted voluntary measures
against the apartheid regime of South Africa in accordance with General
Assembly resolution 40/64 I of 10 December 1985 and invites those that have
not yet done so to follow their example;
11. Reaffirms the legitimacy of the struggle of the oppressed people of
South Africa for the total eradication of apartheid and for the establishment
of a non-racial, democratic society in which all the people, irrespective of
race, colour or creed, enjoy fundamental freedoms and human rights;
12. Pays tribute to and expresses solidarity with organizations and
individuals struggling against apartheid and for a non-racial, democratic
society in accordance with the principles of the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights;
13. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at
its forty-second session on the implementation of the present resolution.