| United Nations | A/50/372 |
General Assembly
Distr. GENERAL
24 August 1995
ORIGINAL:
ARABIC/ENGLISH/
SPANISH
Fiftieth session
Item 149 of the provisional agenda*
MEASURES TO ELIMINATE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM
Report of the Secretary-General
CONTENTS
Page
I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 4
II. MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PARAGRAPH 10 OF THE DECLARATION
ON MEASURES TO ELIMINATE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM ANNEXED TO
RESOLUTION 49/60 ................................................. 5
III. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES .............................. 8
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA .............................................. 8
ARGENTINA ........................................................ 8
CANADA ........................................................... 9
MALDIVES ......................................................... 11
NORWAY ........................................................... 12
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC ............................................. 13
TURKEY ........................................................... 14
________________________
* A/50/150.
95-26097 (E) 120995 220995/...
*9526097*
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
IV. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM RELEVANT SPECIALIZED AGENCIES AND OTHER
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ...................................... 22
UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION . 22
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION .............................. 26
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES .................................. 26
Annex. State, as at 4 July 1995, of signatures and ratifications of,
and accessions and successions to, international conventions
relating to various aspects of the problem of international
terrorism ......................................................28
A. Conventions in respect of which the Secretary-General of
the United Nations performs depository functions ........... 28
1. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes
against Internationally Protected Persons, including
Diplomatic Agents, adopted by the General Assembly of
the United Nations on 14 December 1973 ................. 28
2. International Convention against the Taking of
Hostages, adopted by the General Assembly of the
United Nations on 17 December 1979 ..................... 31
B. Conventions in respect of which the International Civil
Aviation Organization, the International Maritime
Organization, the International Atomic Energy Agency or
some Member States perform depository functions ............ 33
1. Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts
Committed on Board Aircraft, signed at Tokyo on
14 September 1963 ...................................... 33
2. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of
Aircraft, signed at The Hague on 16 December 1970 ...... 39
3. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Civil Aviation, signed at
Montreal on 23 September 1971 .......................... 46
4. Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear
Material, adopted at Vienna on 3 March 1980 ............ 54
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
5. Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of
Violence at Airports Serving International Civil
Aviation, supplementary to the Convention for the
Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of
Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal on
24 February 1988 ....................................... 59
6. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, done
at Rome on 10 March 1988 ............................... 64
7. Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against
the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the
Continental Shelf, done at Rome on 10 March 1988 ....... 67
8. Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for
the Purpose of Detection, signed at Montreal on
1 March 1991 ........................................... 70
/... A/50/372
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A/50/372
English
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I. INTRODUCTION
1. The present report has been prepared pursuant to paragraph 5 of General
Assembly resolution 49/60 of 9 December 1994, in which the Assembly invited
the Secretary-General to follow up closely the implementation of the
resolution and of the Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International
Terrorism annexed thereto and to submit to the Assembly at its fiftieth
session a report thereon relating, in particular, to the modalities of
implementation of paragraph 10 of the Declaration. 1/
2. By notes dated 3 January 1995, the Secretary-General, in accordance
with paragraph 2 of resolution 49/60, informed all States of the adoption
of the Declaration. He further invited all States to submit by 30 June
1995 information on the implementation of resolution 49/60 and the
Declaration annexed thereto and drew the attention of Member States to
paragraphs 10 (a) and (b) of the Declaration.
3. Also in accordance with paragraph 2 of the resolution, the Legal
Counsel, by letters dated 3 January 1995, informed relevant specialized
agencies and other organizations of the adoption of the Declaration. He
further invited them to submit any information they deemed appropriate for
inclusion in the report requested by the General Assembly and drew their
attention, in particular to paragraphs 10 (a) and (d) of the Declaration.
4. Furthermore, and again in accordance with paragraph 2 of resolution
49/60, the Legal Counsel, by letters dated 21 December 1994, informed the
President of the Security Council and the President of the International
Court of Justice of the adoption of the Declaration.
5. As at 31 July 1995, replies to the communications referred to in
paragraphs 2 and 3 above had been received from the Governments of Antigua
and Barbuda, Argentina, Canada, Maldives, Norway, the Syrian Arab Republic
and Turkey, as well as from the International Maritime Organization (IMO),
the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) and the Organization of American States.
6. The present report first addresses, pursuant to paragraph 6 of
resolution 49/60, the modalities of implementation of paragraph 10 of the
Declaration. It then reproduces the replies received from Governments and
international organizations, as listed in paragraph 5 above. It finally
indicates in an annex the state, as at 4 July 1995, of signatures and
ratifications of, and accessions or successions to, a number of relevant
multilateral international conventions.
II. MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PARAGRAPH 10 OF THE
DECLARATION ON MEASURES TO ELIMINATE INTERNATIONAL
TERRORISM ANNEXED TO RESOLUTION 49/60
7. In paragraph 6 of its resolution 49/60, the General Assembly invited
the Secretary-General to report on the modalities of application of
paragraph 10 of the Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International
Terrorism annexed to the resolution. Paragraph 10 of the Declaration reads
as follows:
"10. The Secretary-General should assist in the implementation of the
present Declaration by taking, within existing resources, the following
practical measures to enhance international cooperation:
"(a) A collection of data on the status and implementation of existing
multilateral, regional and bilateral agreements relating to international
terrorism, including information on incidents caused by international
terrorism and criminal prosecutions and sentencing, based on information
received from the depositaries of those agreements and from Member States;
"(b) A compendium of national laws and regulations regarding the
prevention and suppression of international terrorism in all its forms and
manifestations, based on information received from Member States;
"(c) An analytical review of existing international legal instruments
relating to international terrorism, in order to assist States in
identifying aspects of this matter that have not been covered by such
instruments and could be addressed to develop further a comprehensive legal
framework of conventions dealing with international terrorism;
"(d) A review of existing possibilities within the United Nations system
for assisting States in organizing workshops and training courses on
combating crimes connected with international terrorism."
8. As regards subparagraph (a), the Secretary-General notes that the
envisaged collection of data would be based on information received from
the depositaries of existing agreements and from Member States. Such
information could be sought at regular intervals, for instance, on a
biennial basis from all Member States as well as from the depositaries of
the multilateral conventions referred to in the annex to the present report
and from the depositaries of the regional conventions mentioned in
paragraph 12 below.
9. With reference to instruments relating to unlawful interference with
civil aviation, the Secretary-General has been informed that it is the
practice of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to send
once a year to all Contracting States of ICAO a letter requesting
information on the implementation of ICAO Assembly resolution A29-5
entitled "Consolidated statement of continuing ICAO policies relating to
the safeguarding of international civil aviation against acts of unlawful
interference". As for other international conventions referred to in the
annex to this report, the Secretary-General notes: (a) that the Convention
for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime
Navigation, 1988, obliges States Parties to provide the Secretary-General
of IMO, who is the depositary, with any relevant information on offences
under the Convention, actions taken to avoid that a ship, its passengers,
crew or cargo be unduly detained or delayed and measures taken in relation
to the offence or alleged offender; (b) that the Convention on Physical
Protection of Nuclear Material requires a State Party to communicate the
final outcome of proceedings against an alleged offender to the depositary,
namely the Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA), who in turn informs all States thereof; and (c) that the Convention
against the Taking of Hostages (in its article 7) and the Convention on the
Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected
Persons (in its article 11) require States Parties, where an alleged
offender is prosecuted, to communicate the final outcome of the proceedings
to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for transmission to the
other States concerned and interested international intergovernmental
organizations.
10. The information sent by Member States and depositaries would, in the
Secretary-General's intention, be compiled under two main headings, namely
"Status and implementation of existing agreements" and "Information on
incidents caused by international terrorism and criminal prosecutions and
sentencing". The preparation of the relevant document would, wherever
appropriate, be coordinated with that of the report of the Secretary-
General under the item "Consideration of effective measures to enhance the
protection, security and safety of diplomatic and consular missions and
representatives". The information gathered would be placed before the
General Assembly as part of the documentation relating to the item
"Measures to eliminate international terrorism". On this understanding,
the Secretary-General would be in a position to carry out the task referred
to in subparagraph (a) from within existing resources.
11. As regards subparagraph (b), the Secretary-General notes that the
envisaged compendium would be confined to material submitted by Member
States. Such material could be requested by circular notes to be sent at
regular intervals, for instance every two or three years. Its publication
could not be assured from within existing resources if translation costs
were involved. The printing costs, on the other hand, could be absorbed if
use was made of the Legislative Series, a series which reproduces material
in English or French and for which funds are currently appropriated under
the regular budget of the United Nations on the basis of two volumes per
year. Member States whose official language is not English or French would
thus have to undertake responsibility for the translation into one of those
languages of the laws and regulations they would wish to submit.
Alternatively, they could be invited to provide a summary in English or
French of such laws and regulations which would alone be published in the
Legislative Series with an indication that the full text is available for
consultation in the files of the Codification Division.
12. With regard to subparagraph (c), the envisaged analytical review of
existing international instruments relating to international terrorism
would, in the intention of the Secretary-General, cover, in addition to the
multilateral conventions referred to in the annex to the present report,
three regional conventions namely the Convention to Prevent and Punish Acts
of Terrorism Taking the Form of Crimes against Persons and Related
Extortions that are of International Significance, signed at Washington on
2 February 1971, the European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism,
signed at Strasbourg on 27 January 1972 2/ and the South Asian Association
for Regional Cooperation's Regional Convention on the Suppression of
Terrorism, signed at Kathmandu on 4 November 1987. 3/ The analytical
review could also, if deemed appropriate, take into consideration other
documents adopted at the international level such as the resolutions
adopted by the Economic and Social Council following the Ninth United
Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders.
It would be of a strictly descriptive character and would leave it to
States to identify aspects of international terrorism not covered by
existing instruments. Provided the analytical review were published as
part of the documentation under the item entitled "Measures to eliminate
international terrorism", it could be prepared and processed from within
existing resources.
13. As regards subparagraph (d) to which, as indicated in paragraph 3
above, the Legal Counsel specifically drew the attention of international
organizations in his letters dated 3 January 1995, the Secretary-General
wishes to refer to the extract from the UNESCO Executive Board document 146
EX/44, reproduced in section IV below, as well as to the last paragraph of
the reply of IMO, also reproduced in section IV below.
14. The Secretary-General further wishes to indicate that the Crime
Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch of the United Nations Office at
Vienna organizes workshops and training seminars in the field relating to
crime prevention and criminal justice. Generally, these are organized for
law enforcement officers, prosecutors, investigating judges and corrections
officers, and focus on the use and application of United Nations standards
and norms in the administration of justice. In recent times, since the
resources allocated to these activities in the programme budget are quite
limited, a number of such training seminars have been planned, organized
and conducted jointly with other United Nations entities such as the United
Nations International Drug Control Programme and the Centre for Human
Rights, as well as international professional organizations. The Branch
also assists Member States by providing advisory services on legislation,
policies and strategies for preventing, controlling and combating crime,
including terrorism. The nature of the training courses, seminars and
advisory services to be offered depends on the results of needs assessments
which are carried out in response to requests of Member States.
15. Furthermore, interregional advisers provide their services free of
charge to requesting Governments, in order to assist them in solving urgent
and specific problems. In general, a request for assistance from Member
States would enable an interregional adviser to undertake an exploratory
mission in order to discuss with the appropriate national authorities how
to approach the relevant problems.
16. The Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch considers its
technical assistance programme described above as a matter of priority.
17. In addition, the Secretary-General is currently exploring the
possibility of addressing the question of international terrorism in the
context of the seminars organized within the framework of the Programme of
Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of
International Law.
III. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
[Original: English]
[1 May 1995]
1. A Parliamentary democracy in the eastern Caribbean, Antigua and Barbuda
is a peaceful island-State known for its sun, sea and sand. There has
never been a case of international terrorism within or connected to the
State. However, even a peace-loving island-developing State is not
completely immune from the heightened social and political tensions and the
often attendant criminal elements that currently exist in various parts of
the world.
2. To this end, the Government of Antigua and Barbuda has initiated the
following measures to assist in the fight against international terrorism:
(a) The Antigua and Barbuda Port Authority, with the assistance of the
Coast Guard and Navy personnel of a friendly country, has stepped up its
monitoring of ports and waterways in order to prevent transport of weapons
within territorial seas;
(b) The newly renovated V. C. Bird International Airport has been
furnished with metal detectors to hinder the departure of any would-be
airline hijacker;
(c) Authorities are also utilizing trained canines to sniff out
narcotics and explosives; and
(d) Eight Caribbean States have formed a Regional Security System (RSS),
charged with addressing questions of collective security and defence.
3. Furthermore, on 19 July 1993, the Government of Antigua and Barbuda
acceded to the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment
of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic
Agents.
4. The Government of Antigua and Barbuda attaches great importance to the
subject-matter of resolution 49/60 of 9 December 1994 and to the
Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism.
ARGENTINA
[Original: Spanish]
[29 June 1995]
1. The legislation currently in force in Argentina on the prevention and
suppression of international terrorism consists of acts ratifying
international multilateral conventions, namely:
-Act No. 18,730/70 (1963 Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts
Committed on Board Aircraft);
-Act No. 19,793/72 (1970 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful
Seizure of Aircraft);
-Act No. 20,411/73 (1971 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Civil Aviation);
-Act No. 22,509/81 (Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes
against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents,
adopted by the General Assembly in resolution 3166 (XXVIII));
-Act No. 23,956/91 (1979 International Convention against the Taking of
Hostages);
-Act No. 23,915/92 (1988 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of
Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation);
-Act No. 24,209/93 (1988 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Maritime Navigation).
2. In addition, the Argentine Republic has signed bilateral agreements
with the Italian Republic (1992) and the Republic of Turkey (1995) on
cooperation against drug trafficking, organized crime and terrorist
activities; however, both agreements are still awaiting ratification by the
legislature.
3. Lastly, the Argentine Penal Code (title IX, dealing with crimes against
national security, and title X, dealing with crimes against public
authorities and constitutional order), special criminal laws (Act No.
20,840, as amended by Act No. 21,459 and Act No. 23,077) and other domestic
regulations (Decree No. 327/89, which establishes the organizational and
operational bases for the development, implementation and follow-up of
measures to prevent and suppress the formation or the activities of armed
groups) are aimed at preventing and suppressing terrorist activities that
are more in the nature of "domestic terrorism" (subversion) than of
international terrorism.
CANADA
[Original: English]
[28 June 1995]
The Permanent Representative of Canada to the United Nations is pleased
to provide the Secretary-General of the United Nations with information
regarding the status and implementation of such agreements to which Canada
is, or is eligible to be, a party. 4/
MULTILATERAL TREATIES
Treaties in force for Canada
I.Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board
Aircraft:
Signature: 04-11-64
Ratification: 07-11-69
Entry into force for Canada: 05-02-70
II.Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft:
Signature: 16-12-70
Ratification: 20-06-72
Entry into force for Canada: 24-07-72
III. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety
of
Civil Aviation:
Signature: 23-09-71
Ratification: 19-06-72
Entry into force for Canada: 26-01-73
IV.Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against
Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents:
Signature: 26-06-74
Ratification: 04-08-76
Entry into force for Canada: 20-02-77
V.International Convention against the Taking of Hostages:
Signature: 18-02-80
Ratification: 04-12-85
Entry into force for Canada: 03-01-86
VI.Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material:
Signature: 23-09-80
Ratification: 21-03-86
Entry into force for Canada: 08-02-87
BILATERAL AGREEMENTS
I.Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the
Republic of Cuba on Hijacking of Aircraft and Vessels and Other Offences:
Signed and in force: 15-02-73
Renewed by exchange of notes: 01-02-88 and 11-03-88
Renewed Agreement in force: 11-03-88
II.Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the
United States of America on Aviation Security:
Signed and in force: 21-11-86
(i)Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of
Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf
Canadian Criminal Code, articles 7, 78.1
MALDIVES
[Original: English]
[20 June 1995]
1. If history and tradition are any guide to judge the human values upheld
by any society or country, the Republic of Maldives goes wide of the mark
today having experienced the fearful events of 3 November 1988, when 18
hours of a vicious attack on the capital island of the archipelagic country
- Male - by a group of terrorists took place. It was the first time in the
history of Maldives that a terrorist activity had ever taken place.
2. The aim of this planned attack, it transpired following investigations
after the terrorists were beaten back, was to overthrow the legally
established Government.
3. But the 18 hours of the mayhem of shooting, killing and destruction to
property created by the inhuman terrorists left cruel and everlasting marks
on the people of Maldives who had never before experienced any acts of
terrorism. These marks, both physical and psychological, are visible even
today.
4. The alarming escalation of terrorist activities the world over,
compelled the Government to embark on a programme of action to enhance the
public awareness on how, where and why terrorism was leading the evils that
confront mankind on earth.
5. The Republic of Maldives firmly believes that strong measures have to
be taken at the national and international levels to combat the inhuman and
dastardly acts of terrorism and terrorists, and those who encourage or
assist them in any way.
6. The Government of Maldives, while fully supporting the most important
work being carried out by the United Nations and the international
community and also at regional levels, has already ratified/acceded to the
following legal instruments which form effective countermeasures against
terrorism:
1. The Hague Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of
Aircraft, 1970: ratified/acceded to on 1 September 1987.
2. Montreal Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the
Safety of Civil Aviation, 1971: ratified/acceded to on 1 September 1987.
3. Tokyo Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on
Board Aircraft, 1963: ratified/acceded to on 28 September 1987.
4. New York Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and
Training of Mercenaries, 1989: signed on 17 July 1990 and ratified on 11
September 1991.
5. SAARC Regional Convention on Suppression of Terrorism, Kathmandu,
1987: signed on 4 November 1987 and ratified on 28 December 1987.
7. Apart from becoming a party to the above-mentioned conventions, the
Government of Maldives also enacted in 1990 a law to prevent terrorism in
the country (Law No. 10/90). 5/
NORWAY
[Original: English]
[23 May 1995]
1. Norway is party to the following agreements:
-Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board
Aircraft of 14 September 1963, in force for Norway as of 4 December 1969.
-Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft of 16
December 1970, in force for Norway as of 14 October 1971.
-Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of
Civil Aviation of 23 September 1971, in force for Norway as of 26 January
1976.
-Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports
Servicing International Civilian Aviation of 24 February 1988, in force for
Norway as of 28 June 1990.
-European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism of 27 January 1977,
in force for Norway as of 10 April 1980.
-Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against
Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents of 14
December 1973, in force for Norway as of 26 November 1976.
-International Convention against the Taking of Hostages of 18 December
1979, in force for Norway as of December 1984.
-Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of
Maritime Navigation, and Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf,
both of 10 March 1988, in force for Norway as of 1 March 1992.
-Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of
Detection of 1 March 1991. Norway deposited the instrument of ratification
on 9 July 1992.
2. The Norwegian legal system does not contain specific rules and
regulations regarding the prevention and suppression of international
terrorism. Individual acts of terrorism are liable for prosecution and
punishment in accordance with the Norwegian Civilian Penal Code of 1902.
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
[Original: Arabic]
[23 May 1995]
1. The Syrian Arab Republic reiterates that it condemns all acts, methods
and practices of terrorism as criminal actions, because they target the
lives and property of innocent people and violate the sovereignty and
territorial integrity of States. It urges genuine cooperation among all
States in the framework of international legitimacy so that the necessary
measures may be taken to prevent and combat terrorism and eliminate its
causes, and it calls for the formulation of internationally acceptable
criteria to differentiate clearly between terrorism, which must be
condemned and opposed, and national struggle against foreign occupation,
which must be protected and supported.
2. Accordingly, the Syrian Arab Republic welcomed the adoption by the
General Assembly of its historic resolution 42/159, which constituted a
step forward in the expansion and promotion of effective cooperation in
combating terrorism in the framework of international legitimacy and on the
basis of the principles enunciated in its paragraph 14, as derived from the
Charter of the United Nations and the Declaration on Principles of
International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among
States.
3. The Syrian Arab Republic was also in the forefront in calling for the
convening of an international conference to define terrorism, to examine
its causes, to eliminate any confusion between terrorism and the struggle
of peoples for national liberation from foreign occupation and to study the
underlying causes of those acts of violence that may arise from the
violation of basic rights and from misery, frustration, grievance and
despair. The Syrian Arab Republic believes that the mandate of any working
group established should be restricted to preparations for the convening of
an international conference to define terrorism and consider means for its
elimination. An international convention for the prevention of terrorism
may be elaborated in the light of the results of such a conference.
4. As it appreciates the efforts made by the Secretary-General of the
United Nations in continuing to solicit the views of Member States with a
view to convening the international conference in question, the Syrian Arab
Republic bases its position on its desire to protect international
legitimacy, the principles of international law and the purposes and
principles of the Charter. It is of the view that the General Assembly
should consider the item on measures to eliminate international terrorism
every two years, in order to review ways and means of strengthening the
role of the United Nations and the relevant specialized agencies in
combating international terrorism.
TURKEY
[Original: English]
[20 June 1995]
1. Turkey has been one of the prime targets of international terrorism in
the past decades. At present PKK, with its violent methods, continues to
be a menace detrimental to the promotion of a democratic way of living in
the region. The PKK is recognized and classified as a terrorist
organization by Western States, and also by the European Parliament and the
Council of Europe. Since 1984, indiscriminate violence and terror waged by
the PKK have claimed thousands of lives. The United Nations Declaration on
Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism, adopted at the forty-ninth
session of the General Assembly, underlines the concern by the
international community at the growing and dangerous links between
terrorist groups, drug traffickers and their paramilitary gangs which have
resorted to all types of violence thus endangering the constitutional order
of States and violating basic human rights. This Declaration also
emphasizes the desirability of closer cooperation and coordination among
States in combating crimes closely connected with terrorism, including drug
trafficking, unlawful arms trade, money laundering and smuggling of nuclear
and other potentially deadly materials.
2. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, adopted at the World
Conference on Human Rights, also stresses that "the acts, methods and
practices of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations as well as
linkage in some countries to drug trafficking are activities aimed at the
destruction of human rights, fundamental freedoms and democracy,
threatening territorial integrity, security of States and destabilizing
legitimately constituted Governments. The international community should
take the necessary steps to enhance cooperation to prevent and combat
terrorism".
I. INCIDENTS CAUSED BY TERRORISM
A. PKK uses all sorts of terror tactics such as slaying mercilessly
schoolteachers and other civilians, including women, the elderly and
children, and is also involved in drug trafficking. Some of the attention-
striking incidents mentioned below and compiled from the reports of the
foreign media, foreign officers and the local Turkish authorities proved
that the PKK's involvement in drug trafficking is self-evident:
(1) In January 1992, Bremen police arrested a Turk of Kurdish origin
selling drugs. The police found a bunch of keys in his pocket. The keys
belonged to an apartment where other Turks of Kurdish origin lived. On the
walls of the said apartment were posters of the PKK and its leader Abdullah
Ocalan. The police also found some clues that the PKK finances its armed
struggle by the heroin trade (SAT-TV, 6 January 1992).
(2) In 1992 a total of 2,069 drug addicts died in Germany. In the same
year, police arrested some children aged 10-12 coming from south-eastern
Turkey and selling drugs in Hamburg. A child of 8 carrying a firearm
confessed that the PKK was using them to sell drugs, since they do not have
penal responsibility. The police seized 30 kilograms of heroin from a Kurd
who was said to transfer 150,000 deutsche marks to his partners. The
estimated figure the PKK earns from the narcotics trade is more than DM 56
million.
(3) The years of intensive police investigation by the Slagelse Police
and the Narcotics Section of the National Police in Denmark resulted in
solving several armed robberies whose spoils were used to finance narcotics
purchases. The police captured Inga Larsen of Denmark who had links with
the two Turkish narcotics kingpins living in Denmark: Ali Nazim Sivrikaya
and Kara Mehmet Secilmis also called "Carlos". During the trial, the close
relation between Carlos and PKK was proved. Superintendent Niels Bech of
the National Police Force explained that large parts of the profits from
the narcotics sales in Denmark have returned to Turkey. "Carlos" even got
people to send the money via post to Germany. In one case 140,000 Danish
kroner were sent to Mustafa A_deve in Turkey who in turn sent kilos of
heroin to Europe.
(4) Italian police issued a report which was also handed to German
Interpol. The report lists the PKK's involvement in narco-terror case by
case.
(5) The German police reports underline the fact that, in 1991, 1,103 kg
of heroin were seized by the police and 400 of 735 suspects involved in
drug trading incidents were PKK members. In 1992, this ratio mounted to
450/735 and to 300/457 in 1993.
(6) The United States Department of State Bureau of International
Narcotic Matters, in its International Narcotics Control Strategy Report
(1992) stated that two thirds of the people involved in drug trafficking
incidents in Europe are PKK-oriented.
(7) In 1993 the police seized 200 kg of heroin in London and as a result
of the investigation it was understood that the drug traders were working
for PKK.
(8) Sengul Karacan, captured in Caracas, Venezuela, on 10 November 1993
while carrying 3.5 kg of cocaine, confessed that she was a PKK courier.
This incident proves the links of the PKK with the drug cartels even in
Latin America.
(9) In a police operation realized in the international waters of the
Mediterranean, 3 tons of heroin were seized in the ship "K1smetim 1" and
Kaz1m Akkus, one of the sailors, confessed that the heroin belonged to the
PKK and was on route to Europe.
(10) A PKK member, Hakk1 K1tay, captured by the police with 14.5 kg of
heroin on 1 September 1993, confessed that he was acting on behalf of the
PKK abroad, he was a drug smuggler and was transferring 30 per cent of the
income to the PKK.
(11) Hasan Mo_lu, arrested by the police on 2 September 1993 in
connection with the incident in which 100 kg of heroin were seized in
Kap1kule, was found to be a PKK member.
(12) Turkish security forces seized 120 kg of heroin and 40 kg of hemp
seeds (cannabis) in a PKK shelter in south-eastern Turkey.
(13) On 1 August 1994, Remzi Inceoren, apprehended in Diyarbak1r with 2
kg of heroin, acknowledged that he was selling drugs for the PKK. He also
informed the police that some PKK members were cultivating drugs and gave
the name of the places where hemp seeds were grown. In further
investigation, the police captured 120,000 roots of hemp seeds in the
village of Dibek.
B. Statistical information on incidents caused by terrorism in the first
half of 1995 and the number of people killed or wounded as a result of
incidents between the years 1992 and 1995 in Turkey is provided below:
1.Statistical information on incidents caused by terrorism in the first
half of 1995
1 January 1995
Village of Diyarbak1r - Kulp - Hamzal1
As a result of an attack by terrorists on the village, 19 civilians were
killed and 6 were wounded.
1 March 1995
Ceyhan Village of Adana
A civilian named Haydar O_uz was killed by gunshot by terrorists.
3 March 1995
Adana
A civilian named Nebi Polat was killed by gunshot by terrorists.
4 March 1995
City of Adana
Two civilians were killed by gunshot by terrorists.
4 March 1995
Kulp village of Diyarbak1r
Terrorists attacked the village and killed five civilians.
5 March 1995
Province of Diyarbak1r
During a football match in Diyarbak1r, terrorists threw a hand-grenade into
the stadium; as a result of the attack three civilians were wounded.
5 March 1995
Province of Bingol
One of the children who found a hand-grenade in the playground died; the
other was wounded as a result of the explosion.
11 March 1995
Silopi village of the city of S1rnak
A civilian was killed by terrorists.
12 March 1995
City of S1rnak
A civilian was wounded after stepping on a mine laid by terrorists.
15 March 1995
Cukurca village of the city of Hakkari
Four civilians were kidnapped by terrorists after an attack on a radio
station.
18 March 1995
City of Adana
A bomb that was put in a car exploded.
17 March 1995
City of Siirt
A hand-grenade was thrown into the house of Abdulkerim K1z1l by terrorists;
the house was heavily damaged.
20 March 1995
City of Adana
A bomb put in a garbage can exploded in front of a store.
21 March 1995
Batman
A road was blocked and a bus and many other cars were stopped by a group of
15 terrorists dressed as soldiers. Terrorists escaped from the scene after
security forces arrived.
21 March 1995
City of Mardin
A bus was damaged after hitting a mine laid on the road and two civilians
in the bus were wounded.
24 March 1995
City of Mardin
Two civilians in a horse carriage were killed after hitting a mine on the
road.
27 March 1995
City of S1rnak
Four civilians were killed and five others were wounded because of the
gunfire by terrorists.
5 April 1995
Province of Hatay-Dortyol-Kuzuculu
Seven civilians were killed and one was wounded by terrorists.
12 June 1995
City of Bingol-Province of Genc
Eighteen soldiers were killed in an attack by terrorists.
16 June 1995
City of Hakkari-Province of Semdinli
Twenty soldiers were killed in an attack by terrorists.
2.Statistical information on incidents caused by terrorism in 1992, 1993
and 1994
1992
1,920 incidents
Civilian population -618 dead, 853 wounded (including 12 teachers killed
and 2 wounded by attacks on schools by the PKK)
Soldiers - 461 dead, 913 wounded
Police - 48 dead, 165 wounded
Village guard - 125 dead, 151 wounded
1993
4,198 incidents
Civilian population -1,325 dead, 1,512 wounded (as a result of 46 attacks
on schools, 43 teachers were killed, 30 were wounded, 19 teachers were
abducted and 12 were released)
Soldiers - 550 dead, 1,046 wounded
Police - 36 dead, 155 wounded
Village guard - 182 dead, 263 wounded
1994
3,524 incidents
Civilian population -822 dead, 1,215 wounded (as a result of 27 attacks
on schools, 25 teachers were killed, 11 were wounded, 7 were abducted and 5
were released)
Soldiers - 752 dead, 1,875 wounded
Police - 39 dead, 174 wounded
Village guard - 253 dead, 319 wounded
C. National Law on Suppression of Terrorism
On the prevention of terrorism and for the punishment of terrorist
crimes, the Government of the Republic of Turkey has enacted Law No. 3713
on Suppression of Terrorism. 6/
II. MULTILATERAL, REGIONAL AND BILATERAL AGREEMENTS AND
OTHER INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS ON TERRORISM
Turkey has also concluded bilateral agreements with various States and is
a party to many regional and universal agreements for the suppression of
terrorism and for cooperation in this area. The bilateral agreements which
were concluded by the Turkish Government in the framework of the Security
Cooperation Mechanism and the multilateral treaties to which Turkey is a
party are listed below. The Security Cooperation Mechanism has been
established for cooperation in areas of international terrorism,
international drug trafficking and other issues of security. Bilateral
meetings are held periodically between Turkey and the United States, the
United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden and Tunisia to consider these issues.
A.Bilateral agreements concluded in the framework of the Security
Cooperation Mechanism
(1) Agreement between the Government of the Turkish Republic and the
Republic of Bulgaria on Cooperation on Prevention of Terrorism, Illegal
Drug Traffic and Other Organized Crimes (Ankara, 3 February 1993)
(2) Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan for Cooperation on Prevention of Terrorism,
Illegal Traffic of Psychotropic Substances and Other Organized Crimes
(Ankara, 7 May 1994)
(3) Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the
Government of the Republic of Poland on Cooperation for the Security of the
Public and Protection of Public Order (Ankara, 30 January 1993)
(4) Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and
Israel for Cooperation on Prevention of Illegal Traffic and Use of Narcotic
Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Other Serious Crimes (Jerusalem, 3
November 1994)
(5) Agreement on Cooperation between the Turkish Ministry of Interior
and the Ministry of Security of the Russian Federation (Moscow, 28 October
1992)
(6) Agreement on Cooperation between the Turkish Ministry of Interior
and the Ministry of Interior of the Russian Federation (Moscow, 30 October
1992)
(7) Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the
Government of the Republic of Hungary for Cooperation on the Prevention of
Terrorism, Illicit Drug Traffic and Other Organized Crimes (Ankara, 18
December 1992)
(8) Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the
Government of the Czech and Slovak Republic for Cooperation on the
Prevention of Terrorism, Illicit Traffic and Use of Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances and Other Organized Crimes (Prague, 5 October 1992)
(9) Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the
Government of the Republic of Ukraine on Cooperation for Prevention of
Crime (Ankara, 14 April 1994)
(10) Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the
Government of the Republic of Moldova for Cooperation on the Prevention of
Terrorism, Illicit Drug Trafficking and Other Organized Crimes (Kisinev, 3
June 1994)
(11) Agreement on Cooperation between the Turkish Republic and the
Republic of Azerbaijan (Ankara, 4 October 1994)
(12) Agreement for Cooperation on Security between the Government of the
Turkish Republic and the Government of the Republic of Sudan (Ankara, 5
August 1992)
(13) Agreement for Cooperation between the Government of the Republic of
Turkey and the Government of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
(Ankara, 19 May 1994)
(14) Agreement for Cooperation between the Government of the Republic of
Turkey and the Government of the Republic of Romania (Ankara, 28 April
1992)
(15) Protocol for the years 1992 and 1993 concluded in the framework of
the Cooperation Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey
and the Government of the Republic of Romania (Bucharest, 15 July 1992)
(16) Agreement and Additional Protocol thereto between the Government of
the Republic of Turkey and the Government of the Republic of Romania for
Cooperation on Coastal Security (Ankara, 6 November 1992)
(17) Protocol on Cooperation in the Field of Public Order between the
Republic of Turkey and the Republic of Albania (Tirana, 1 June 1992)
(18) Protocol between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the
Government of the Republic of Turkmenistan for Cooperation in the Areas of
Prevention of Crime and Public Security (Ankara, 3 April 1992)
(19) Memorandum of Understanding signed between the Government of the
Republic of Turkey and the Government of the Republic of Turkmenistan
(Ashkabad, 25 July 1992)
(20) Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the
Government of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan for Cooperation in the Areas of
Prevention of Crime and Public Security (Bishkek, 23 July 1992)
(21) Protocol of Cooperation between the Government of the Republic of
Turkey and the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan on security
authorities (Ankara, 17 April 1992)
(22) Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the
Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Prevention of Terrorism,
Illicit Traffic of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Other
Organized Crimes
(23) Agreement for Cooperation on Security between the Government of the
Republic of Turkey and the Government of the Republic of Kazakstan (Ankara,
26 September 1992)
B.Multilateral treaties which had been ratified by Turkey by 31 December
1993 on international terrorism and other criminal matters
(1) European Convention on Extradition
(2) Additional Protocol 2 to the European Convention on Extradition
(3) European Convention on Mutual Assistance on Criminal Matters
(4) Additional Protocol to the Convention on Mutual Assistance on
Criminal Matters
(5) European Convention on International Validity of Criminal Judgements
(6) European Convention on the Transfer of Proceedings in Criminal
Matters
(7) European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism
(8) Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons
(9) Genocide Convention
(10) Convention against the Hijacking of Aircraft
(11) Convention on the Prevention of Illegal Acts against the Security
of Civil Aviation
(12) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against
Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents
(13) Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment
(14) International Convention against the Taking of Hostages
C. Turkey has also concluded many bilateral treaties on legal matters,
especially on extradition, mutual assistance in criminal matters and
recognition and enforcement of criminal awards. The States with which
Turkey has concluded agreements in these areas are listed below:
Iraq, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Belgium, Romania, Jordan, the former
Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, the United States of America, the Syrian Arab
Republic, Tunisia, Pakistan, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Hungary, Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus, Poland, India, and Egypt.
Turkey has also participated actively in the preparation of resolutions,
decisions and declarations on international terrorism and related matters,
in the framework of the Council of Europe, the United Nations, the
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Organization of
the Islamic Conference, and is implementing these instruments in good
faith.
IV. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM RELEVANT SPECIALIZED AGENCIES
AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION
Extract from Executive Board document 146 EX/44 "Report by
the Director-General on the Possible Forms of UNESCO's
Participation in the Endeavours of the International
Community to Promote Cooperation in Combating the Danger
of Terrorism" 7/
...
19. UNESCO is already participating in the endeavours of the international
community to fight terrorism. Following resolution 5.1 the General
Conference adopted at its twenty-seventh session, and, in particular, its
paragraph 2.B(e), by which the Director-General is invited to "help foster
public awareness of the need to eradicate terrorist acts, methods and
practices and their link with drug trafficking, on account of their being
activities calculated to destroy human rights, fundamental freedoms,
democracy and peace and having detrimental effects on education and
culture", the Programme and Budget for 1994-1995 (27 C/5) foresees that
studies on various threats to democracy and human rights including
terrorism will be carried out in 1995, within the framework of Major
Programme V.2.1 on "Peace, Human Rights, Democracy and the Elimination of
All Forms of Discrimination".
20. The entire programme on education for peace, human rights, democracy
and international understanding provides a meaningful contribution to the
struggle against the danger of terrorism inasmuch as it promotes thinking
and behaviour based on common humanistic and cultural values. UNESCO's
activities are now focused on incorporation of these values in all levels
and all forms of education. Preparation of practical teaching aids for
education for tolerance and non-violence has been foreseen. 8/ The
experience of the Associated Schools of UNESCO from 10 countries belonging
to various regions of the world has been summarized in a handbook on
democratic culture and preparation of brochures on "No to violence" has
been initiated in nine countries.
21. The Sector of Communication, Information and Informatics contributes
to the struggle against terrorism by its monitoring of press freedom and of
attacks against the independence and security of media and journalists, as
exemplified in the UNESCO-supported International Freedom of Expression
Exchange (IFEX) network and more specifically, by condemnation of terrorist
attacks against media and journalists through special communiques of the
Director-General.
22. All UNESCO activities towards a culture of peace also contribute to
the elimination of the sources of terrorism. Within the framework of the
programme for a culture of peace, UNESCO has launched a series of national
programmes. These programmes seek to eradicate a culture of violence and
promote reconciliation.
23. Activities undertaken by UNESCO within the framework of the United
Nations Year for Tolerance (1995) may also be considered as a contribution
towards progressive elimination of causes of terrorism. In conformity with
its mandate as lead agency of the United Nations system for the Year of
Tolerance, UNESCO has prepared for 1995 a diverse programme of meetings,
concerts, broadcasts, festivals, publications and exhibitions. The Year's
calendar of events includes regional conferences and the preparation of
UNESCO tolerance teaching guide.
24. The Director-General draws the attention of the international
community to the barbarous acts of terrorism, qualifying terrorist acts as
an assault on human rights, as action endangering peace. He has made on a
number of occasions statements condemning acts of terrorism, especially
those against intellectuals. The Director-General also denounced
situations in which the life of journalists, teachers, scientists and
artists is in jeopardy.
25. UNESCO is in the process of elaborating its programmes for 1996-1997
(28 C/5) and its activities for the Fourth Medium-Term Strategy (1996-
2001). In this context, some specific measures related to prevention and
elimination of terrorism are foreseen, in particular, those linked with the
creation of an Observatory for Human Rights. They are also an important
part of a follow-up programme to the United Nations Year for Tolerance
(1995) and activities foreseen by the Culture of Peace Programme.
26. Educational activities no doubt are crucial for UNESCO's efforts aimed
at raising public awareness on international terrorism. The Organization
may consider elaboration of educational methods, paedagogical approaches
and didactic material so as to give new impetus to the condemnation and
rejection of international terrorism. The UNESCO Associated Schools
Project (ASP), UNESCO Chairs for Peace, Human Rights and Democracy as well
as the Associated Universities Project (AUP) may play an important role in
these activities. Concrete projects foreseen in the draft 28 C/5 will
contribute to prevention of terrorism through school campaigns and measures
within the framework of the International Day for Tolerance. Preparation
and wide dissemination of a UNESCO Manual on Human Rights Education - to
be, in the long run, put at the disposal of all schools of the world - will
be an action of special significance for fostering a sense, values and
skills of respect for others and for human rights, thus laying
international and intercultural foundations for tolerant, non-violent,
cooperative behaviour. A Manual on Human Rights for higher education to be
published in 1996 will contain a chapter on human rights and terrorism.
27. In planning activities of the Organization to combat and prevent
terrorism in the field of education, foremost consideration could be given
to the follow-up to the Declaration adopted by the Ministers of Education
at the International Conference on Education (ICE) Geneva, October 1994, in
which they declared themselves "Deeply concerned by the manifestations of
violence, racism, xenophobia, aggressive nationalism and violations of
human rights, by religious intolerance, by the upsurge of terrorism in all
its forms and manifestations and by the growing gap separating wealthy
countries from poor countries, phenomena which threaten the consolidation
of peace and democracy both nationally and internationally and which are
all obstacles to development".
28. As far as research related to terrorism is concerned, the draft
programme (28 C/5) proposes during the 1996-1997 biennium, studies on
threats to democracy and on sources of violence, xenophobia and racism,
which will contribute to the Organization's efforts to combat terrorism.
29. The draft 28 C/5 proposes the creation of an Observatory for the
protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms of writers, artists,
scientists, educators and journalists. The Observatory will collect
information on flagrant violations of rights of intellectuals, attempts to
their life, dignity, freedom of expression, creativity and research. For
this purpose, it will set up a network in collaboration with the Member
States, National Commissions and with relevant intergovernmental and non-
governmental organizations. It is understood that all the UNESCO Sectors
will contribute to its establishment. The Observatory will also be
responsible for the preparation of dossiers and reports on the basis of
reliable and verified information. This will enable the Organization to
alert public opinion on terrorism. The work of the Sector of
Communication, Information and Informatics aimed at protection of freedom
of expression and defence of journalists threatened by terrorism will be
continued.
30. The Declaration of principles and a programme of action to be
elaborated as a follow-up to the United Nations Year for Tolerance (1995)
affords an opportunity for the Organization to undertake and to propose
concrete actions aimed at the prevention and elimination of terrorism as
part of national and international programmes for the promotion of
tolerance.
31. Initiated within the framework of the Culture of Peace Programme,
pilot projects in El Salvador and Mozambique have prompted interest of
other countries. At present, national programmes are under preparation for
Burundi, Nicaragua and Congo, in addition to a culture of peace action in
Guatemala. The Executive Board may wish to consider recommending
initiation of culture of peace programme(s) in certain specific
country/regional contexts, known for or prone to risk of terrorism, in
order that UNESCO may devise specific modalities of action for possible
support to endeavours of the government(s) concerned to combat and prevent
terrorism.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
32. Resolutions of the General Assembly and more specifically the
Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism request inter
alia the Specialized Agencies to enhance international cooperation in
combating and eliminating terrorism. UNESCO's activities highlighted in
this document can be seen as response to these requests and also to General
Assembly resolution 46/51 which requested UNESCO, along with IMO, UPU, WTO,
and IAEA to consider within their respective spheres of competence what
further measures could usefully be taken to combat and eliminate terrorism.
33. In this respect, the principal vocation of UNESCO no doubt is to raise
public awareness of the dangers and consequences of terrorism, as well as
to contribute within its field of competence to the elimination of the
underlying causes. UNESCO's contribution to raising public awareness is
not limited to educational and research activities, but also comprises the
statements, declarations and appeals by the Director-General to condemn
terrorism.
34. In the further elaboration of UNESCO's plan of action on preventing
and eliminating terrorism and participating in the endeavours of the
international community, two principles must be kept in sight.
(a) This programme should be intersectoral - as all sectors of UNESCO -
in particular Education, Culture, Communications, Information and
Informatics, Social and Human Sciences as well as the Culture of Peace
Programme - should participate.
(b) The plan of action should fully respect the specificity of UNESCO's
contribution in conformity with its fields of competence.
35. Apart from developing its own programmes and projects, addressing
directly or indirectly the question of terrorism, UNESCO, in close
cooperation with the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Centre for
Human Rights may participate in the implementation of the activities
assigned to the Secretary-General.
36. Although UNESCO could not be considered as being among the lead
agencies in the endeavours of the international community to combat and
eliminate international terrorism, the contribution it would be making
through the activities summarized above is nevertheless highly relevant in
combating international terrorism and its root causes.
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION
[Original: English]
[5 May 1995]
1. In respect of the safety of ships and the security of their passengers
and crews, the IMO Assembly, by resolution A.548(14) of 20 November 1985,
called upon Governments, port authorities and administrations, shipowners,
ship operators, shipmasters and crews to take steps to review and, as
necessary, strengthen port and on-board security. Measures intended to
assist Member Governments to implement this resolution were adopted by the
Maritime Safety Committee of IMO in September 1986 (MSC/Circ.443).
Thereafter, the Governments of Greece and the United States submitted
information on the steps taken by them to implement the measures adopted by
the Maritime Safety Committee. 9/
2. Concerning the two international instruments done at Rome on 10 March
1988 under the auspices of IMO, namely the Convention for the Suppression
of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation and the Protocol
for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms
Located on the Continental Shelf, they entered into force on 1 March 1992.
At this stage. there are 30 Contracting States to the Convention and 27 to
the Protocol.
3. It should be noted that Greece and the United States are parties to the
1988 Convention and Protocol and it is not clear to what extent the
abovementioned measures, which these States adopted in 1987, are in force
and still applied by them.
4. With reference to the workshops and training courses which may be
organized and financed under the auspices of the United Nations in
pursuance of General Assembly resolution 49/6, I wish to inform you that
IMO has no funds to contribute but would be pleased, upon request, to be of
assistance in connection with issues of relevance to the above-mentioned
international instruments and measures adopted by this Organization.
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES
[Original: English]
[25 April 1995]
Reference is made to the informative document CP/CAJP-978/94 of 2
November 1994 (in English and Spanish), which contains background material
and updates information on the subject, present status of ratification of
the 1971 Washington Convention, a compilation of the General Assembly
resolutions on terrorism, information on the results of the inquiry made of
the Governments of the Member States and a list of relevant documents. 10/
Notes
1/ For the text of paragraph 10 of the Declaration, see paragraph 7 of
the present report.
2/ Entered into force on 4 August 1978.
3/ Entered into force on 22 August 1988.
4/ The submission of Canada included copies of the relevant Canadian
legislative provisions implementing these agreements, which are available
for consultation in the Codification Division of the Office of Legal
Affairs.
5/ A copy of the law is available for consultation in the Codification
Division of the Office of Legal Affairs.
6/ An unofficial translation of the law is available for consultation in
the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs.
7/ Communicated by UNESCO under cover of a letter of 31 May 1995.
8/ During the 1994-1995 biennium "A sense of belonging: Guidelines for
values for the humanistic and international dimension of education" and a
preliminary version of "Tolerance: the threshold of peace: A
teaching/learning guide for education for peace, human rights and
democracy" have been prepared and widely disseminated in various language
versions.
9/ The texts of resolutions A.584(14) and of documents MSC/Circ.443 and
the information submitted by Greece and the United States (MSC/Circ. 475
and 476) are available for consultation in the Codification Division of the
Office of Legal Affairs.
10/ The document is available for consultation in the Codification
Division of the Office of Legal Affairs.
/... A/50/372
English
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A/50/372
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Annex
State, as at 4 July 1995, of signatures and ratifications of, and
accessions and successions to, international conventions relating
to various aspects of the problem of international terrorism
A. Conventions in respect of which the Secretary-General of
the United Nations performs depository functions a/
1. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against
Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents,
adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on
14 December 1973 (entered into force on 20 February 1977, in
accordance with article 17 (a))
Ratification,
accession,
Participant Signature succession
Antigua and Barbuda................. 19 July 1993
Argentina........................... 18 March 1982
Armenia............................. 18 May 1994
Australia........................... 30 December 1974 20 June 1977
Austria............................. 3 August 1977
Bahamas............................. 22 July 1986
Barbados............................ 26 October 1979
Belarus............................. 11 June 1974 5 February 1976
Bhutan.............................. 16 January 1989
Bosnia and Herzegovina.............. 1 September 1993
Bulgaria............................ 27 June 1974 18 July 1974
Burundi............................. 17 December 1980
Cameroon............................ 8 June 1992
Canada.............................. 26 June 1974 4 August 1976
Chile............................... 21 January 1977
China............................... 5 August 1987
Costa Rica.......................... 2 November 1977
Croatia............................. 12 October 1992
Cyprus.............................. 24 December 1975
Czech Republic...................... 22 February 1993
Denmark............................. 10 May 1974 1 July 1975
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1 December 1982
Dominican Republic.................. 8 July 1977
Ecuador............................. 27 August 1974 12 March 1975
________________________
a/ For the text of reservations, declarations or communications
accompanying the signatures, ratifications, accessions or declarations of
succession to the two conventions below, see Multilateral Treaties
Deposited with the Secretary-General, document ST/LEG/SER.E/13 as well as
its subsequent issues.
Ratification,
accession,
Participant Signature succession
Egypt............................... 25 June 1986
El Salvador......................... 8 August 1980
Estonia............................. 21 October 1991
Finland............................. 10 May 1974 31 October 1978
Gabon............................... 14 October 1981
Germany............................. 15 August 1974 25 January 1977
Ghana............................... 25 April 1975
Greece.............................. 3 July 1984
Guatemala........................... 12 December 1974 18 January 1983
Haiti............................... 25 August 1980
Hungary............................. 6 November 1974 26 March 1975
Iceland............................. 10 May 1974 2 August 1977
India............................... 11 April 1978
Iran (Islamic Republic of).......... 12 July 1978
Iraq................................ 28 February 1978
Israel.............................. 31 July 1980
Italy............................... 30 December 1974 30 August 1985
Jamaica............................. 21 September 1978
Japan............................... 8 June 1987
Jordan.............................. 18 December 1984
Kuwait.............................. 1 March 1989
Latvia.............................. 14 April 1992
Liberia............................. 30 September 1975
Liechtenstein....................... 28 November 1994
Malawi.............................. 14 March 1977
Maldives............................ 21 August 1990
Mexico.............................. 22 April 1980
Mongolia............................ 23 August 1974 8 August 1975
Nepal............................... 9 March 1990
Netherlands......................... 6 December 1988
New Zealand......................... 12 November 1985
Nicaragua........................... 29 October 1974 10 March 1975
Niger............................... 17 June 1985
Norway.............................. 10 May 1974 28 April 1980
Oman................................ 22 March 1988
Pakistan............................ 29 March 1976
Panama.............................. 17 June 1980
Paraguay............................ 25 October 1974 24 November 1975
Peru................................ 25 April 1978
Philippines......................... 26 November 1976
Poland.............................. 7 June 1974 14 December 1982
Republic of Korea................... 25 May 1983
Romania............................. 27 December 1974 15 August 1978
Russian Federation.................. 7 June 1974 15 January 1976
Rwanda.............................. 15 October 1974 29 November 1977
Seychelles.......................... 29 May 1980
Slovakia............................ 28 May 1993
Slovenia............................ 6 July 1992
Ratification,
accession,
Participant Signature succession
Spain............................... 8 August 1985
Sri Lanka........................... 27 February 1991
Sudan............................... 10 October 1994
Sweden.............................. 10 May 1974 1 July 1975
Switzerland......................... 5 March 1985
Syrian Arab Republic................ 25 April 1988
Togo................................ 30 December 1980
Trinidad and Tobago................. 15 June 1979
Tunisia............................. 15 May 1974 21 January 1977
Turkey.............................. 11 June 1981
Ukraine............................. 18 June 1974 20 January 1976
United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland.................. 13 December 1974 2 May 1979
United States of America............ 28 December 1973 26 October 1976
Uruguay............................. 13 June 1978
Yemen............................... 9 February 1987
Yugoslavia.......................... 17 December 1974 29 December 1976
Zaire............................... 25 July 1977
2. International Convention against the Taking of Hostages,
adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on
17 December 1979 (entered into force on 3 June 1983, in
accordance with article 18 (i))
Ratification,
accession,
Participant Signature succession
Antigua and Barbuda................. 6 August 1986
Argentina........................... 18 September 1991
Australia........................... 21 May 1990
Austria............................. 3 October 1980 22 August 1986
Bahamas............................. 4 June 1981
Barbados............................ 9 March 1981
Belarus............................. 1 July 1987
Belgium............................. 3 January 1980
Bhutan.............................. 31 August 1981
Bolivia............................. 25 March 1980
Bosnia and Herzegovina.............. 1 September 1993
Brunei Darussalam................... 8 October 1988
Bulgaria............................ 10 March 1988
Cameroon............................ 9 March 1988
Canada.............................. 18 February 1980 4 December 1985
China............................... 26 January 1993
Chile............................... 3 January 1980 12 November 1981
Cote d'Ivoire....................... 22 August 1989
Cyprus.............................. 13 September 1991
Czech Republic...................... 22 February 1993
Denmark............................. 11 August 1987
Dominica............................ 9 September 1986
Dominican Republic.................. 12 August 1980
Ecuador............................. 2 May 1988
Egypt............................... 18 December 1980 2 October 1981
El Salvador......................... 10 June 1980 12 February 1981
Finland............................. 29 October 1980 14 April 1983
Gabon............................... 29 February 1980
Germany............................. 18 December 1979 15 December 1980
Ghana............................... 10 November 1987
Greece.............................. 18 March 1980 18 June 1987
Grenada............................. 10 December 1990
Guatemala........................... 30 April 1980 11 March 1983
Haiti............................... 21 April 1980 17 May 1989
Honduras............................ 11 June 1980 1 June 1981
Hungary............................. 2 September 1987
Iceland............................. 6 July 1981
India............................... 7 September 1994
Iraq................................ 14 October 1980
Israel.............................. 19 November 1980
Italy............................... 18 April 1980 20 March 1986
Jamaica............................. 27 February 1980
Japan............................... 22 December 1980 8 June 1987
Ratification,
accession,
Participant Signature succession
Jordan.............................. 19 February 1986
Kenya............................... 8 December 1981
Kuwait.............................. 6 February 1989
Lesotho............................. 17 April 1980 5 November 1980
Liberia............................. 30 January 1980
Liechtenstein....................... 28 November 1994
Luxembourg.......................... 18 December 1979 29 April 1991
Malawi.............................. 17 March 1986
Mali................................ 8 February 1990
Mauritius........................... 18 June 1980 17 October 1980
Mexico.............................. 28 April 1987
Mongolia............................ 9 June 1992
Nepal............................... 9 March 1990
Netherlands......................... 18 December 1980 6 December 1988
New Zealand......................... 24 December 1980 12 November 1985
Norway.............................. 18 December 1980 2 July 1981
Oman................................ 22 July 1988
Panama.............................. 24 January 1980 19 August 1982
Philippines......................... 2 May 1980 14 October 1980
Portugal............................ 16 June 1980 6 July 1984
Republic of Korea................... 4 May 1983
Romania............................. 17 May 1990
Russian Federation.................. 11 June 1987
Saint Kitts and Nevis............... 17 January 1991
Saudi Arabia........................ 8 January 1991
Senegal............................. 2 June 1980 10 March 1987
Slovakia............................ 28 May 1993
Slovenia ............................ 6 July 1992
Spain............................... 26 March 1984
Sudan............................... 19 June 1990
Suriname............................ 30 July 1980 5 November 1981
Sweden.............................. 25 February 1980 15 January 1981
Switzerland......................... 18 July 1980 5 March 1985
Trinidad and Tobago................. 1 April 1981
Togo................................ 8 July 1980 25 July 1986
Turkey.............................. 15 August 1989
Uganda.............................. 10 November 1980
Ukraine............................. 19 June 1987
United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland.................. 18 December 1979 22 December 1982
United States of America............ 21 December 1979 7 December 1984
Venezuela........................... 13 December 1988
Yugoslavia.......................... 29 December 1980 19 April 1985
Zaire............................... 2 July 1980
/... A/50/372
English
Page
A/50/372
English
Page
B. Conventions in respect of which the International Civil
Aviation Organization, the International Maritime
Organization, the International Atomic Energy Agency or
some Member States perform depository functions
1. Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed
on Board Aircraft, signed at Tokyo on 14 September 1963
(entered into force on 4 December 1969, in accordance
with article 21, paragraph (1)) a/
Date of deposit
of instrument
Date of of ratification
States signature or accession Effective date
Afghanistan 15 April 1977 14 July 1977
Antigua and Barbuda 19 July 1985 17 October 1985
Argentina 23 July 1971 21 October 1971
Australia 22 June 1970 20 September 1970
Austria 7 February 1974 8 May 1974
Bahamas 12 June 1975 10 July 1973 (1)
Bahrain 9 February 1984 9 May 1984 (2)(3)
Bangladesh 25 July 1978 23 October 1978
Barbados 25 June 1969 4 April 1972 3 July 1972
Belarus 3 February 1988 3 May 1988 (2)(4)
Belgium 20 December 1968 6 August 1970 4 November 1970
Bhutan 25 January 1989 25 April 1989
Bolivia 5 July 1979 3 October 1979
Bosnia and Herzegovina 7 March 1995 6 March 1992 (5)
Botswana 16 January 1979 16 April 1979
Brazil 28 February 1969 14 January 1970 14 April 1970
Brunei Darussalam 23 May 1986 21 August 1986
Bulgaria 28 September 1989 27 December 1989 (6)
Burkina Faso 14 September 1963 6 June 1969 4 December 1969
Burundi 14 July 1971 12 October 1971
Cameroon 24 March 1988 22 June 1988
Canada 4 November 1964 7 November 1969 5 February 1970
Cape Verde 4 October 1989 2 January 1990
Central African Republic 11 June 1991 9 September 1991
Chad 30 June 1970 28 September 1970
Chile 24 January 1974 24 April 1974
China 14 November 1978 12 February 1979 (2)(7)
Colombia 8 November 1968 6 July 1973 4 October 1973
Comoros 23 May 1991 21 August 1991
Congo 14 September 1963 13 November 1978 11 February 1979
Costa Rica 24 October 1972 22 January 1973
Cote d'Ivoire 3 June 1970 1 September 1970
Croatia 5 October 1993 8 October 1991 (8)
Cyprus 31 May 1972 29 August 1972
Czech Republic 25 March 1993 1 January 1993 (9)
Democratic People's
Republic of Korea 9 May 1983 7 August 1983 (2)
Denmark 21 November 1966 17 January 1967 4 December 1969
Djibouti 10 June 1992 8 September 1992
Dominican Republic 3 December 1970 3 March 1971
________________________
a/ The information concerning this Convention is reproduced below as
furnished on 4 July 1995 by the secretariat of the International Civil
Aviation Organization.
Date of deposit
of instrument
Date of of ratification
States signature or accession Effective date
Ecuador 8 July 1969 3 December 1969 3 March 1970
Egypt 12 February 1975 13 May 1975 (2)
El Salvador 13 February 1980 13 May 1980
Equatorial Guinea 27 February 1991 28 May 1991
Estonia 31 December 1993 31 March 1994
Ethiopia 27 March 1979 25 June 1979 (2)
Fiji 31 January 1972 10 October 1970 (10)
Finland 24 October 1969 2 April 1971 1 July 1971
France 11 July 1969 11 September 1970 10 December 1970
Gabon 14 January 1970 14 April 1970
Gambia 4 January 1979 4 April 1979
Georgia 16 June 1994 14 September 1994
Germany 14 September 1963 16 December 1969 16 March 1970 (11)
Ghana 2 January 1974 2 April 1974
Greece 21 October 1969 31 May 1971 29 August 1971
Grenada 28 August 1978 26 November 1978
Guatemala 14 September 1963 17 November 1970 15 February 1971 (2)
Guinea 18 January 1994 18 April 1994
Guyana 20 December 1972 19 March 1973
Haiti 26 April 1984 25 July 1984
Holy See 14 September 1963
Honduras 8 April 1987 7 July 1987 (2)
Hungary 3 December 1970 3 March 1971 (12)
Iceland 16 March 1970 14 June 1970
India 22 July 1975 20 October 1975 (2)
Indonesia 14 September 1963 7 September 1976 6 December 1976 (2)
Iran (Islamic
Republic of) 28 June 1976 29 September 1976
Iraq 15 May 1974 13 August 1974 (13)
Ireland 20 October 1964 14 November 1975 12 February 1976
Israel 1 November 1968 19 September 1969 18 December 1969
Italy 14 September 1963 18 October 1968 4 December 1969
Jamaica 16 September 1983 15 December 1983
Japan 14 September 1963 26 May 1970 24 August 1970
Jordan 3 May 1973 1 August 1973
Kazakstan 18 May 1995 16 August 1995
Kenya 22 June 1970 20 September 1970
Kuwait 27 November 1979 25 February 1980 (14)
Lao People's
Democratic Republic 23 October 1972 21 January 1973
Lebanon 11 June 1974 9 September 1974
Lesotho 28 April 1972 27 July 1972
Liberia 14 September 1963
Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya 21 June 1972 19 September 1972
Luxembourg 21 September 1972 20 December 1972
Madagascar 2 December 1969 2 December 1969 2 March 1970
Malawi 28 December 1972 28 March 1973
Malaysia 5 March 1985 3 June 1985
Maldives 28 September 1987 27 December 1987
Mali 31 May 1971 29 August 1971
Malta 28 June 1991 26 September 1991
Marshall Islands 15 May 1989 13 August 1989
Mauritania 30 June 1977 28 September 1977
Mauritius 5 April 1983 4 July 1983
Date of deposit
of instrument
Date of of ratification
States signature or accession Effective date
Mexico 24 December 1968 18 March 1969 4 December 1969
Monaco 2 June 1983 31 August 1983
Mongolia 24 July 1990 22 October 1990
Morocco 21 October 1975 19 January 1976 (15)
Nauru 17 May 1984 15 August 1984
Nepal 15 January 1979 15 April 1979
Netherlands, Kingdom
of the 9 June 1967 14 November 1969 12 February 1970 (16)
New Zealand 12 February 1974 13 May 1974
Nicaragua 24 August 1973 22 November 1973
Niger 14 April 1969 27 June 1969 4 December 1969
Nigeria 29 June 1965 7 April 1970 6 July 1970
Norway 19 April 1966 17 January 1967 4 December 1969
Oman 9 February 1977 10 May 1977 (2)(17)
Pakistan 6 August 1965 11 September 1973 10 December 1973
Panama 14 September 1963 16 November 1970 14 February 1971
Papua New Guinea 15 December 1975 16 September 1975 (2)(18)
Paraguay 9 August 1971 7 November 1971
Peru 12 May 1978 10 August 1978 (2)
Philippines 14 September 1963 26 November 1965 4 December 1969
Poland 19 March 1971 17 June 1971 (2)
Portugal 11 March 1964 25 November 1964 4 December 1969
Qatar 6 August 1981 5 December 1981
Republic of Korea 8 December 1965 19 February 1971 20 May 1971
Romania 15 February 1974 16 May 1974 (2)
Russian Federation 3 February 1988 3 May 1988 (2)(19)
Rwanda 17 May 1971 15 August 1971
Saint Lucia 31 October 1983 29 January 1984
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines 18 November 1991 16 February 1992
Saudi Arabia 6 April 1967 21 November 1969 19 February 1970
Senegal 20 February 1964 9 March 1972 7 June 1972
Seychelles 4 January 1979 4 April 1979
Sierra Leone 9 November 1970 7 February 1971
Singapore 1 March 1971 30 May 1971
Slovakia 20 March 1995 1 January 1993 (20)
Slovenia 18 December 1992 25 June 1991 (21)
Solomon Islands 23 March 1982 7 July 1978 (22)
South Africa 26 May 1972 24 August 1972 (2)
Spain 27 July 1964 1 October 1969 30 December 1969
Sri Lanka 30 May 1978 28 August 1978
Suriname 10 September 1979 25 November 1975 (23)
Sweden 14 September 1963 17 January 1967 4 December 1969
Switzerland 31 October 1969 21 December 1970 21 March 1971
Syrian Arab Republic 31 July 1980 29 October 1980 (2)
Thailand 6 March 1972 4 June 1972
The former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia 30 August 1994 17 September 1991 (24)
Togo 26 July 1971 24 October 1971
Trinidad and Tobago 9 February 1972 9 May 1972
Tunisia 25 February 1975 26 May 1975 (2)
Turkey 17 December 1975 16 March 1976
Uganda 25 June 1982 23 September 1982
Ukraine 29 February 1988 29 May 1988 (2)(25)
United Arab Emirates 16 April 1981 15 July 1981 (26)
Date of deposit
of instrument
Date of of ratification
States signature or accession Effective date
United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern
Ireland 14 September 1963 29 November 1968 4 December 1969 (27)
United Republic of
Tanzania 12 August 1983 10 November 1983
United States of America 14 September 1963 5 September 1969 4 December
1969
Uruguay 26 January 1977 26 April 1977
Vanuatu 31 January 1989 1 May 1989
Venezuela 13 March 1964 4 February 1983 5 May 1983 (2)
Viet Nam 10 October 1979 8 January 1980 (2)
Yemen 26 September 1986 25 December 1986
Yugoslavia* 14 September 1963 12 February 1971 13 May 1971
Zaire 20 July 1977 18 October 1977
Zambia 14 September 1971 13 December 1971
Zimbabwe 8 March 1989 6 June 1989
________________________
* Yugoslavia refers to the former Socialist Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia.
(1)On 12 June 1975, a declaration dated 15 May 1975 was deposited with the
International Civil Aviation Organization by the Government of the Bahamas
indicating that the Bahamas considers itself to be bound to the Tokyo
Convention by virtue of the ratification of the United Kingdom and pursuant
to customary international law. The Bahamas attained independence on 10
July 1973.
(2)Reservation: Does not consider itself bound by Article 24, paragraph 1,
of the Convention.
(3)Reservation: "The accession of the State of Bahrain to the Convention
shall not be considered or interpreted as recognition of 'Israel' either
generally or implicitly under the Convention".
(4)Declaration dated 17 December 1987 by the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist
Republic (now the Republic of Belarus) that "the accession of the
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic to the Convention on Offences and
Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft does not affect its rights
and obligations under agreements in force on the suppression of acts of
unlawful interference with civil aviation, to which it is a Party".
(5)An instrument of succession by the Government of the Republic of Bosnia
and Herzegovina was deposited with the International Civil Aviation
Organization on 7 March 1995, with effect from 6 March 1992.
(6)Declaration dated 21 August 1989 by the People's Republic of Bulgaria
(now the Republic of Bulgaria) that "the accession of the People's Republic
of Bulgaria to the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed
on Board Aircraft does not affect its right and obligations under the
multilateral and bilateral agreements on acts of unlawful interference
against civil aviation, to which it is a Party".
(7)The instrument of accession contains the following statement: "The
Chinese Government declares illegal and null and void the signature and
ratification by the Chiang clique usurping the name of China in regard to
the above-mentioned Convention".
(8)An instrument of succession by the Government of the Republic of
Croatia was deposited with the International Civil Aviation Organization on
5 October 1993, with effect from 8 October 1991.
(9)By a Note dated 8 March 1993, received on 25 March 1993, the Government
of the Czech Republic informed the International Civil Aviation
Organization that, as a successor State created as a result of the
dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, it considered itself
bound by the Convention with effect from 1 January 1993.
(10)On 31 January 1972, a declaration dated 18 January 1972 was deposited
with the International Civil Aviation Organization by the Government of
Fiji indicating that Fiji succeeded, upon independence, to the rights and
obligations of the United Kingdom in respect of this Convention. Fiji
attained independence on 10 October 1970.
(11)The German Democratic Republic, which acceded to the Convention on 10
January 1989, acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990.
(12)On 12 December 1989, a declaration dated 16 October 1989 was deposited
with the International Civil Aviation Organization by the Government of
Hungary whereby that Government withdraws the reservation made at the time
of accession on 3 December 1970 with regard to Article 24, paragraph 1, of
the Convention. The declaration took effect on 12 December 1989.
(13)Accession by the Republic of Iraq to the Convention shall, however, in
no way signify recognition of Israel or entry into any relations with it.
(14)It is understood that the accession to the Convention on Offences and
Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, done at Tokyo, 1963, does
not mean in any way recognition of Israel by the State of Kuwait.
Furthermore, no treaty relation will arise between the State of Kuwait and
Israel.
(15)"In case of a dispute, all recourse must be made to the International
Court of Justice on the basis of the unanimous consent of the parties
concerned".
(16)Declaration: "... the Convention, with respect to the Kingdom of the
Netherlands, shall not enter into force for Suriname and/or the Netherlands
Antilles until the ninetieth day after the date on which the Government of
the Kingdom of the Netherlands will have notified the International Civil
Aviation Organization that in Suriname and/or in the Netherlands Antilles
the necessary steps for giving effect to the provisions of the above-
mentioned Convention have been taken".
Note 1:On 4 June 1974, a declaration dated 10 May 1974 was deposited with
the International Civil Aviation Organization by the Government of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands stating that the necessary steps for giving
effect to the provisions of the Convention have been taken in regard to
making the Convention applicable to Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles.
Accordingly, the Convention takes effect for Suriname and the Netherlands
Antilles on 2 September 1974. (See also footnote 23.)
Note 2:By a Note dated 30 December 1985 the Government of the Kingdom of
the Netherlands informed the International Civil Aviation Organization that
as of 1 January 1986 the Convention is applicable to the Netherlands
Antilles (without Aruba) and to Aruba.
(17)The accession by the Government of the Sultanate of Oman to the
Convention does not mean or imply, and shall not be interpreted as,
recognition of Israel generally or in the context of this Convention.
(18)On 15 December 1975, a declaration dated 6 November 1975 was deposited
with the International Civil Aviation Organization by the Government of
Papua New Guinea indicating that Papua New Guinea desired to be treated as
a party in its own right to the Tokyo Convention, which had entered into
force for Australia on 20 September 1970 and had applied to the Territory
of Papua and Trust Territory of New Guinea. Papua New Guinea attained
independence on 15 September 1975.
(19)Declaration dated 4 December 1987 by the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (now the Russian Federation) that "the accession of the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics to the Convention on Offences and Certain Other
Acts Committed on Board Aircraft does not affect its rights and obligations
under bilateral and multilateral agreements in force on the suppression of
acts of unlawful interference with civil aviation, to which it is a Party".
(20)By a Note dated 16 February 1995, received on 20 March 1995, the
Government of the Slovak Republic informed the International Civil Aviation
Organization that, as a successor State, born from the dissolution of the
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, it considered itself bound by the
Convention with effect from 1 January 1993.
(21)An instrument of succession by the Government of the Republic of
Slovenia was deposited with the International Civil Aviation Organization
on 18 December 1992, with effect from 25 June 1991.
(22)An instrument of succession by the Government of Solomon Islands was
deposited with the International Civil Aviation Organization on 23 March
1982, with effect from 7 July 1978.
(23)The instrument of succession was deposited with the International Civil
Aviation Organization on 10 September 1979. Prior to that date the
provisions of the Convention applied to Suriname by virtue of a declaration
dated 10 May 1974 by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The
Republic of Suriname attained independence on 25 November 1975. (See also
footnote 16).
(24)An instrument of succession by the Government of the former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia was deposited with the International Civil Aviation
Organization on 30 August 1994, with effect from 17 September 1991.
(25)Declaration dated 13 January 1988 by the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist
Republic (now Ukraine) that "the accession of the Ukrainian Soviet
Socialist Republic to the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts
Committed on Board Aircraft does not affect its rights and obligations
under bilateral and multilateral agreements in force on the suppression of
acts of unlawful interference with civil aviation, to which it is a Party".
(26)Reservation: "In accepting the said Convention, the Government of the
United Arab Emirates takes the view that its acceptance of the said
Convention does not in any way imply its recognition of Israel, nor does it
oblige to apply the provisions of the Convention in respect of the said
Country".
(27)Declaration: "... the provisions of the Convention shall not apply in
regard to Southern Rhodesia unless and until the Government of the United
Kingdom informs the International Civil Aviation Organization that they are
in a position to ensure that the obligations imposed by the Convention in
respect of that territory can be fully implemented".
Note:On 1 December 1982, a declaration dated 12 November 1982 was deposited
with the International Civil Aviation Organization stating that the
provisions of the Convention shall extend to Anguilla. Accordingly, the
Convention takes effect for Anguilla on 1 December 1982.
2. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft,
signed at The Hague on 16 December 1970 (entered into force on
14 October 1971) a/
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification or
States Date of signature accession
Afghanistan 16 December 1970 29 August 1979
Antigua and Barbuda 22 July 1985
Argentina 16 December 1970 11 September 1972 (1)
Australia 15 June 1971 9 November 1972
Austria 28 April 1971 11 February 1974
Bahamas 13 August 1976
Bahrain 20 February 1984 (2)
Bangladesh 28 June 1978
Barbados 16 December 1970 2 April 1973
Belarus 16 December 1970 30 December 1971 (2)
Belgium 16 December 1970 24 August 1973
Benin 5 May 1971 13 March 1972
Bhutan 28 December 1988
Bolivia 18 July 1979
Bosnia and Herzegovina 15 August 1994 (3)
Botswana 28 December 1978
Brazil 16 December 1970 14 January 1972 (2)
Brunei Darussalam 16 April 1986
Bulgaria 16 December 1970 19 May 1971 (4)
Burkina Faso 19 October 1987
Burundi 17 February 1971
Cambodia 16 December 1970
Cameroon 14 April 1988
Canada 16 December 1970 20 June 1972
Cape Verde 20 October 1977
Central African Republic 1 July 1991
Chad 27 September 1971 12 July 1972
Chile 4 June 1971 2 February 1972
China 10 September 1980 (2)(5)
Colombia 16 December 1970 3 July 1973
Comoros 1 August 1991
Costa Rica 16 December 1970 9 July 1971
Cote d'Ivoire 9 January 1973
Cyprus 5 July 1972
Czech Republic 14 November 1994 (6)
Democratic People's
Republic of Korea 28 April 1983
________________________
a/ The information concerning this Convention is reproduced below as
furnished on 4 July 1995 by the secretariat of the International Civil
Aviation Organization.
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification or
States Date of signature accession
Denmark 16 December 1970 17 October 1972 (7)
Djibouti 24 November 1992
Dominican Republic 29 June 1971 22 June 1978
Ecuador 19 March 1971 14 June 1971
Egypt 28 February 1975 (2)
El Salvador 16 December 1970 16 January 1973
Equatorial Guinea 4 June 1971 2 January 1991
Estonia 22 December 1993
Ethiopia 16 December 1970 26 March 1979
Fiji 5 October 1971 27 July 1972
Finland 8 January 1971 15 December 1971
France 16 December 1970 18 September 1972
Gabon 16 December 1970 14 July 1971
Gambia 18 May 1971 28 November 1978
Georgia 20 April 1994
Germany 16 December 1970 11 October 1974 (8)
Ghana 16 December 1970 12 December 1973
Greece 16 December 1970 20 September 1973
Grenada 10 August 1978
Guatemala 16 December 1970 16 May 1979 (2)
Guinea 2 May 1984
Guinea-Bissau 20 August 1976
Guyana 21 December 1972
Haiti 9 May 1984
Honduras 13 April 1987
Hungary 16 December 1970 13 August 1971 (9)
Iceland 29 June 1973
India 14 July 1971 12 November 1982 (2)
Indonesia 16 December 1970 27 August 1976 (2)
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 16 December 1970 25 January 1972
Iraq 22 February 1971 3 December 1971
Ireland 24 November 1975
Israel 16 December 1970 16 August 1971
Italy 16 December 1970 19 February 1974
Jamaica 16 December 1970 15 September 1983
Japan 16 December 1970 19 April 1971
Jordan 9 June 1971 18 November 1971
Kazakstan 4 April 1995
Kenya 11 January 1977
Kuwait 21 July 1971 25 May 1979 (10)
Lao People's Democratic
Republic 16 February 1971 6 April 1989
Lebanon 10 August 1973
Lesotho 27 July 1978
Liberia 1 February 1982
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 4 October 1978 (11)
Liechtenstein 24 August 1971
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification or
States Date of signature accession
Luxembourg 16 December 1970 22 November 1978
Madagascar 18 November 1986
Malawi 21 December 1972 (2)
Malaysia 16 December 1970 4 May 1985
Maldives 1 September 1987
Mali 29 September 1971
Malta 14 June 1991
Marshall Islands 31 May 1989
Mauritania 1 November 1978
Mauritius 25 April 1983
Mexico 16 December 1970 19 July 1972
Monaco 3 June 1983
Mongolia 18 January 1971 8 October 1971
Morocco 24 October 1975 (12)
Nauru 17 May 1984
Nepal 11 January 1979
Netherlands, Kingdom of the 16 December 1970 27 August 1973 (13)
New Zealand 15 September 1971 12 February 1974
Nicaragua 6 November 1973
Niger 19 February 1971 15 October 1971
Nigeria 3 July 1973
Norway 9 March 1971 23 August 1971
Oman 2 February 1977 (2)(14)
Pakistan 12 August 1971 28 November 1973
Panama 16 December 1970 10 March 1972
Papua New Guinea 15 December 1975 (2)
Paraguay 30 July 1971 4 February 1972
Peru 28 April 1978 (2)
Philippines 16 December 1970 26 March 1973
Poland 16 December 1970 21 March 1972 (2)
Portugal 16 December 1970 27 November 1972
Qatar 26 August 1981 (2)
Republic of Korea 18 January 1973 (15)
Romania 13 October 1971 10 July 1972 (2)
Russian Federation 16 December 1970 24 September 1971 (2)
Rwanda 16 December 1970 3 November 1987
Saint Lucia 8 November 1983
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines 29 November 1991
Saudi Arabia 14 June 1974 (2)(16)
Senegal 10 May 1971 3 February 1978
Seychelles 29 December 1978
Sierra Leone 19 July 1971 13 November 1974
Singapore 8 September 1971 12 April 1978
Slovenia 27 May 1992 (17)
South Africa 16 December 1970 30 May 1972 (2)
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification or
States Date of signature accession
Spain 16 March 1971 30 October 1972
Sri Lanka 30 May 1978
Sudan 18 January 1979
Suriname 27 October 1978 (18)
Sweden 16 December 1970 7 July 1971
Switzerland 16 December 1970 14 September 1971
Syrian Arab Republic 10 July 1980 (2)
Thailand 16 December 1970 16 May 1978
Togo 9 February 1979
Tonga 21 February 1977
Trinidad and Tobago 16 December 1970 31 January 1972
Tunisia 16 November 1981 (2)
Turkey 16 December 1970 17 April 1973
Uganda 27 March 1972
Ukraine 16 December 1970 21 February 1972 (2)
United Arab Emirates 10 April 1981 (19)
United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern
Ireland 16 December 1970 22 December 1971 (20)
United Republic of
Tanzania 9 August 1983
United States of America 16 December 1970 14 September 1971
Uruguay 12 January 1977
Uzbekistan 7 February 1994
Vanuatu 22 February 1989
Venezuela 16 December 1970 7 July 1983
Viet Nam 17 September 1979 (2)
Yemen 29 September 1986
Yugoslavia* 16 December 1970 2 October 1972
Zaire 6 July 1977
Zambia 3 March 1987
Zimbabwe 6 February 1989
________________________
* Yugoslavia refers to the former Socialist Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia.
(1)The instrument of ratification by Argentina contains a declaration
which, in translation, reads: "The application of this Convention to
territories the sovereignty of which may be disputed among two or more
States, whether Parties to the Convention or not, may not be interpreted as
alteration, renunciation or waiver of the position upheld by each up to the
present time".
(2)Reservation made with respect to paragraph 1 of article 12 of the
Convention.
(3)An instrument of succession by the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina
to the Convention was deposited with the Government of the United States on
15 August 1994.
(4)On 4 September 1994, a Note was deposited with the Government of the
United Kingdom by the Government of Bulgaria whereby that Government
withdraws the reservation made at the time of ratification with regard to
paragraph 1 of Article 12 of the Convention. The withdrawal of the
reservation took effect on 4 September 1994.
(5)The instrument of accession by the Government of the People's Republic
of China contains the following declaration: "The Chinese Government
declares illegal and null and void the signature and ratification of the
above-mentioned Convention by the Taiwan authorities in the name of China".
(6)An instrument of succession by the Government of the Czech Republic to
the Convention was deposited with the Government of the Russian Federation
on 14 November 1994, with effect from 1 January 1993.
(7)Until later decision, the Convention will not be applied to the Faroe
Islands or to Greenland.
Note:A notification was received by the Government of the United Kingdom
from the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark whereby the latter withdraws,
with effect from 1 June 1980, the reservation made at the time of
ratification that this Convention should not apply to Greenland.
(8)The German Democratic Republic, which ratified the Convention on 3 June
1971, acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990.
(9)On 10 January 1990, instruments were deposited with the Government of
the United Kingdom and the Government of the United States by the
Government of Hungary whereby that Government withdraws the reservation
made at the time of ratification with regard to paragraph 1 of Article 12
of the Convention. The withdrawal of the reservation took effect on 10
January 1990.
(10)Ratification by Kuwait was accompanied by an Understanding stating that
ratification of the Convention does not mean in any way recognition of
Israel by the State of Kuwait. Furthermore, no treaty relations will arise
between the State of Kuwait and Israel.
(11)The instrument of accession deposited by the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
contains a disclaimer regarding recognition of Israel.
(12)"In case of a dispute, all recourse must be made to the International
Court of Justice on the basis of the unanimous consent of the parties
concerned."
(13)The Convention cannot enter into force for the Netherlands Antilles
until thirty days after the date on which the Government of the Kingdom of
the Netherlands shall have notified the depositary Governments that the
necessary measures to give effect to the provisions of the Convention have
been taken in the Netherlands Antilles.
Note 1:On 11 June 1974, a declaration was deposited with the Government
of the United States by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
stating that in the interim the measures required to implement the
provisions of the Convention have been taken in the Netherlands Antilles
and, consequently, the Convention will enter into force for the Netherlands
Antilles on the thirtieth day after the date of deposit of this
declaration.
Note 2:By a Note dated 9 January 1986 the Government of the Kingdom of
the Netherlands informed the Government of the United States that as of 1
January 1986 the Convention is applicable to the Netherlands Antilles
(without Aruba) and to Aruba.
(14)Accession to the said Convention by the Government of the Sultanate of
Oman does not mean or imply, and shall not be interpreted as recognition of
Israel generally or in the context of this Convention.
(15)The accession by the Government of the Republic of Korea to the present
Convention does not, in any way, mean or imply the recognition of any
territory or regime which has not been recognized by the Government of the
Republic of Korea as a State or Government.
(16)Approval by Saudi Arabia does not mean and could not be interpreted as
recognition of Israel generally or in the context of this Convention.
(17)An instrument of succession by the Government of Slovenia to the
Convention was deposited with the Government of the United Kingdom on 27
May 1992.
(18)Notification of succession to the Convention was deposited with the
Government of the United States on 27 October 1978, by virtue of the
extension of the Convention to Suriname by the Kingdom of the Netherlands
prior to independence. The Republic of Suriname attained independence on
25 November 1975.
(19)"In accepting the said Convention, the Government of the United Arab
Emirates takes the view that its acceptance of the said Convention does not
in any way imply its recognition of Israel, nor does it oblige to apply the
provisions of the Convention in respect of the said Country."
(20)The Convention is ratified "in respect of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland and Territories under territorial sovereignty
of the United Kingdom as well as the British Solomon Islands Protectorate".
3. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Civil Aviation, signed at
Montreal on 23 September 1971 (entered into
force on 26 January 1973) a/
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification or
States Date of signature accession
Afghanistan 26 September 1984 (1)
Antigua and Barbuda 22 July 1985
Argentina 23 September 1971 26 November 1973
Australia 12 October 1972 12 July 1973
Austria 13 November 1972 11 February 1974
Bahamas 27 December 1984
Bahrain 20 February 1984 (1)
Bangladesh 28 June 1978
Barbados 23 September 1971 6 August 1976
Belarus 23 September 1971 31 January 1973 (1)
Belgium 23 September 1971 13 August 1976
Bhutan 28 December 1988
Bolivia 18 July 1979
Botswana 12 October 1972 28 December 1978
Brazil 23 September 1971 24 July 1972 (1)
Brunei Darussalam 16 April 1986
Bulgaria 23 September 1971 28 March 1973 (2)
Burkina Faso 19 October 1987
Burundi 6 March 1972
Cameroon 11 July 1973 (3)
Canada 23 September 1971 19 June 1972
Cape Verde 20 October 1977
Central African Republic 1 July 1991
Chad 23 September 1971 12 July 1972
Chile 28 February 1974
China 10 September 1980 (1)(4)
Colombia 4 December 1974
Comoros 1 August 1991
Congo 23 September 1971 19 March 1987
Costa Rica 23 September 1971 21 September 1973
Cote d'Ivoire 9 January 1973
Cyprus 28 November 1972 27 July 1973
Czech Republic 14 November 1994 (5)
Democratic People's
Republic of Korea 13 August 1980
Denmark 17 October 1972 17 January 1973 (6)
________________________
a/ The information concerning this Convention is reproduced below as
furnished on 4 July 1995 by the secretariat of the International Civil
Aviation Organization.
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification or
States Date of signature accession
Djibouti 24 November 1992
Dominican Republic 31 May 1972 28 November 1973
Ecuador 12 January 1977
Egypt 24 November 1972 20 May 1975 (1)
El Salvador 25 September 1979
Equatorial Guinea 2 January 1991
Estonia 22 December 1993
Ethiopia 23 September 1971 26 March 1979 (1)
Fiji 21 August 1972 5 March 1973
Finland 13 July 1973
France 30 June 1976 (1)
Gabon 24 November 1971 29 June 1976
Gambia 28 November 1978
Georgia 20 April 1994
Germany 23 September 1971 3 February 1978 (7)
Ghana 12 December 1973
Greece 9 February 1972 15 January 1974
Grenada 10 August 1978
Guatemala 9 May 1972 19 October 1978 (1)
Guinea 2 May 1984
Guinea-Bissau 20 August 1976
Guyana 21 December 1972
Haiti 6 January 1972 9 May 1984
Honduras 13 April 1987
Hungary 23 September 1971 27 December 1972 (8)
Iceland 29 June 1973
India 11 December 1972 12 November 1982
Indonesia 27 August 1976 (1)
Iran (Islamic
Republic of) 10 July 1973
Iraq 10 September 1974
Ireland 12 October 1976
Israel 23 September 1971 30 June 1972
Italy 23 September 1971 19 February 1974
Jamaica 23 September 1971 15 September 1983
Japan 12 June 1974
Jordan 2 May 1972 13 February 1973
Kazakstan 4 April 1995
Kenya 11 January 1977
Kuwait 23 November 1979 (9)
Lao People's Democratic
Republic 1 November 1972 6 April 1989
Lebanon 23 December 1977
Lesotho 27 July 1978
Liberia 1 February 1982
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 19 February 1974
Luxembourg 29 November 1971 18 May 1982
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification or
States Date of signature accession
Madagascar 18 November 1986
Malawi 21 December 1972 (1)
Malaysia 4 May 1985
Maldives 1 September 1987
Mali 24 August 1972
Malta 14 June 1991
Marshall Islands 31 May 1989
Mauritania 1 November 1978
Mauritius 25 April 1983
Mexico 25 January 1973 12 September 1974
Monaco 3 June 1983
Mongolia 18 February 1972 14 September 1972 (1)
Morocco 24 October 1975 (10)
Nauru 17 May 1984
Nepal 11 January 1979
Netherlands, Kingdom of the 23 September 1971 27 August 1973 (11)
New Zealand 26 September 1972 12 February 1974
Nicaragua 22 December 1972 6 November 1973
Niger 6 March 1972 1 September 1972
Nigeria 3 July 1973
Norway 1 August 1973
Oman 2 February 1977 (1)(12)
Pakistan 24 January 1974
Panama 18 January 1972 24 April 1972
Papua New Guinea 15 December 1975 (1)
Paraguay 23 January 1973 5 March 1974
Peru 28 April 1978 (1)
Philippines 23 September 1971 26 March 1973
Poland 23 September 1971 28 January 1975 (1)
Portugal 23 September 1971 15 January 1973
Qatar 26 August 1981 (1)
Republic of Korea 2 August 1973 (13)
Romania 10 July 1972 15 August 1975 (1)
Russian Federation 23 September 1971 19 February 1973 (1)
Rwanda 26 June 1972 3 November 1987
Saint Lucia 8 November 1983
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines 29 November 1991
Saudi Arabia 14 June 1974 (1)(14)
Senegal 23 September 1971 3 February 1978
Seychelles 29 December 1978
Sierra Leone 20 September 1979
Singapore 21 November 1972 12 April 1978
Slovakia 6 March 1995 (15)
Slovenia 27 May 1992 (16)
Solomon Islands 13 April 1982 (17)
South Africa 23 September 1971 30 May 1972 (1)
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification or
States Date of signature accession
Spain 15 February 1972 30 October 1972
Sri Lanka 30 May 1978
Sudan 18 January 1979
Suriname 27 October 1978 (18)
Sweden 10 July 1973
Switzerland 23 September 1971 17 January 1978
Syrian Arab Republic 10 July 1980 (1)
Thailand 16 May 1978
The former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia 4 January 1995 (19)
Togo 9 February 1979
Tonga 21 February 1977
Trinidad and Tobago 9 February 1972 9 February 1972
Tunisia 16 November 1981 (1)
Turkey 5 July 1972 23 December 1975
Uganda 19 July 1982
Ukraine 23 September 1971 26 January 1973 (1)
United Arab Emirates 10 April 1981 (20)
United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern
Ireland 23 September 1971 25 October 1973 (21)
United Republic of
Tanzania 9 August 1983
United States of
America 23 September 1971 1 November 1972
Uruguay 12 January 1977
Uzbekistan 7 February 1994
Vanuatu 6 November 1989
Venezuela 23 September 1971 21 November 1983 (22)
Viet Nam 17 September 1979
Yemen 23 October 1972 29 September 1986
Yugoslavia* 23 September 1971 2 October 1972
Zaire 6 July 1977
Zambia 3 March 1987
Zimbabwe 6 February 1989
________________________
* Yugoslavia refers to the former Socialist Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia.
(1)Reservation made with respect to paragraph 1 of Article 14 of the
Convention.
(2)On 4 September 1994, a Note was deposited with the Government of the
United Kingdom by the Government of Bulgaria whereby that Government
withdraws the reservation made at the time of ratification with regard to
paragraph 1 of Article 14 of the Convention. The withdrawal of the
reservation took effect on 4 September 1994.
(3)"In accordance with the provisions of the Convention of 23 September
1971, for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts directed against the Security of
Civil Aviation, the Government of the United Republic of Cameroon declares
that in view of the fact that it does not have any relations with South
Africa and Portugal, it has no obligation toward these two countries with
regard to the implementation of the stipulations of the Convention."
(4)The instrument of accession by the Government of the People's Republic
of China contains the following declaration: "The Chinese Government
declares illegal and null and void the signature and ratification of the
abovementioned Convention by the Taiwan authorities in the name of China".
(5)An instrument of succession by the Government of the Czech Republic to
the Convention was deposited with the Government of the Russian Federation
on 14 November 1994, with effect from 1 January 1993.
(6)Until later decision, the Convention will not be applied to the Faroe
Islands or to Greenland.
Note 1:A notification was received by the Government of the United
Kingdom from the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark whereby the latter
withdraws, with effect from 1 June 1980, the reservation made at the time
of ratification that this Convention should not apply to Greenland.
Note 2:The Government of the United Kingdom subsequently received, on 21
September 1994, a notification from the Government of the Kingdom of
Denmark whereby the latter withdraws, with effect from 1 October 1994, the
reservation made at the time of ratification that this Convention should
not apply to the Faroe Islands.
(7)The German Democratic Republic, which ratified the Convention on 9 June
1972, acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990.
(8)On 10 January 1990, instruments were deposited with the Government of
the United Kingdom and the Government of the United States by the
Government of Hungary whereby that Government withdraws the reservation
made at the time of ratification with regard to paragraph 1 of Article 14
of the Convention. The withdrawal of the reservation took effect on 10
January 1990.
(9)It is understood that accession to the Convention for the Suppression of
Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, done at Montreal, 1971,
does not mean in any way recognition of Israel by the State of Kuwait.
Furthermore, no treaty relation will arise between the State of Kuwait and
Israel.
(10)"In case of a dispute, all recourse must be made to the International
Court of Justice on the basis of the unanimous consent of the parties
concerned".
(11)The Convention cannot enter into force for the Netherlands Antilles
until thirty days after the date on which the Government of the Kingdom of
the Netherlands shall have notified the depositary Governments that the
necessary measures to give effect to the provisions of the Convention have
been taken in the Netherlands Antilles.
Note 1:On 11 June 1974, a declaration was deposited with the Government
of the United States by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
stating that in the interim the measures required to implement the
provisions of the Convention have been taken in the Netherlands Antilles
and, consequently, the Convention will enter into force for the Netherlands
Antilles on the thirtieth day after the date of deposit of this
declaration.
Note 2:By a Note dated 9 January 1986 the Government of the Kingdom of
the Netherlands informed the Government of the United States that as of 1
January 1986 the Convention is applicable to the Netherlands Antilles
(without Aruba) and to Aruba.
(12)Accession to the said Convention by the Government of the Sultanate of
Oman does not mean or imply, and shall not be interpreted as recognition of
Israel generally or in the context of this Convention.
(13)The accession by the Government of the Republic of Korea to the present
Convention does not in any way mean or imply the recognition of any
territory or regime which has not been recognized by the Government of the
Republic of Korea as a State or Government.
(14)Approval by Saudi Arabia does not mean and could not be interpreted as
recognition of Israel generally or in the context of this Convention.
(15)An instrument of succession by the Government of Slovakia to the
Convention was deposited with the Government of the United States on 6
March 1995, with effect from 1 January 1993.
(16)An instrument of succession by the Government of Slovenia to the
Convention was deposited with the Government of the United Kingdom on 27
May 1992.
(17)An instrument of succession by the Government of Solomon Islands to the
Convention was deposited with the Government of the United Kingdom on 13
April 1982. Solomon Islands attained independence on 7 July 1978.
(18)Notification of succession to the Convention was deposited with the
Government of the United States on 27 October 1978, by virtue of the
extension of the Convention to Suriname by the Kingdom of the Netherlands
prior to independence. The Republic of Suriname attained independence on
25 November 1975.
(19)An instrument of succession by the Government of the former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia to the Convention was deposited with the Government
of the United States on 4 January 1995.
(20)"In accepting the said Convention, the Government of the United Arab
Emirates takes the view that its acceptance of the said Convention does not
in any way imply its recognition of Israel, nor does it oblige to apply the
provisions of the Convention in respect of the said Country."
(21)The Convention is ratified "in respect of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland and Territories under territorial sovereignty
of the United Kingdom as well as the British Solomon Islands Protectorate".
Note:By a Note dated 20 November 1990, the Government of the United
Kingdom declared that Anguilla has been included under the ratification of
the Convention by that Government with effect from 7 November 1990.
(22)The instrument of ratification by the Government of Venezuela contains
the following reservation regarding Articles 4, 7 and 8 of the Convention:
"Venezuela will take into consideration clearly political motives and the
circumstances under which offences described in Article 1 of this
Convention are committed, in refusing to extradite or prosecute an
offender, unless financial extortion or injury to the crew, passengers, or
other persons has occurred".
The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
made the following declaration in a Note dated 6 August 1985 to the
Department of State of the Government of the United States:
"The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
do not regard as valid the reservation made by the Government of the
Republic of Venezuela in so far as it purports to limit the obligation
under Article 7 of the Convention to submit the case against an offender to
the competent authorities of the State for the purpose of prosecution".
With reference to the above declaration by the Government of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Government of Venezuela,
in a Note dated 21 November 1985, informed the Department of State of the
Government of the United States of the following:
"The reserve made by the Government of Venezuela to Articles 4, 7 and 8 of
the Convention is based on the fact that the principle of asylum is
contemplated in Article 116 of the Constitution of the Republic of
Venezuela. Article 116 reads:
'The Republic grants asylum to any person subject to persecution or which
finds itself in danger, for political reasons, within the conditions and
requirements established by the laws and norms of international law.'
It is for this reason that the Government of Venezuela considers that in
order to protect this right, which would be diminished by the application
without limits of the said articles, it was necessary to request the
formulation of the declaration contemplated in Art. 2 of the Law approving
the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Security
(sic) of Civil Aviation".
The Government of Italy made the following declaration in a Note dated 21
November 1985 to the Department of State of the Government of the United
States:
"The Government of Italy does not consider as valid the reservation
formulated by the Government of the Republic of Venezuela due to the fact
that it may be considered as aiming to limit the obligation under Article 7
of the Convention to submit the case against an offender to the competent
authorities of the State for the purpose of prosecution".
/... A/50/372
English
Page
A/50/372
English
Page
4. Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear
Material, adopted
at Vienna on 3 March 1980 (entered into force on 8
February 1987,
in accordance with article 19, paragraph 1) a/
Date of deposit
of expression
States/ Date of of consent to
organization signature be bound Entry into force
Antigua and Barbuda 4 August 1993 3 September 1993
Argentina 28 February 1986 6 April 1989 6 May 1989 (1)
Armenia 24 August 1993 23 September 1993
Australia 22 February 1984 22 September 1987 22 October 1987
Austria 3 March 1980 22 December 1988 21 January 1989
Belarus 9 September 1993 effect from 14 June 1993 (2)
Belgium b/ 13 June 1980 6 September 1991 6 October 1991
Brazil 15 May 1981 17 October 1985 8 February 1987
Bulgaria 23 June 1981 10 April 1984 8 February 1987 (3)
Canada 23 September 1980 21 March 1986 8 February 1987
Chile 27 April 1994 27 May 1994
China 10 January 1989 9 February 1989 (4)
Croatia 29 September 1992 effect from 8 October 1991
Czech Republic 24 March 1993 effect from 1 January 1993
Denmark b/ 13 June 1980 6 September 1991 6 October 1991
Dominican
Republic 3 March 1980
Ecuador 26 June 1986
Estonia 9 May 1994 8 June 1994
EURATOM 13 June 1980 6 September 1991 6 October 1991 (5)
Finland 25 June 1981 22 September 1989 22 October 1989
France b/ 13 June 1980 6 September 1991 6 October 1991 (6)
Germany b/ 13 June 1980 6 September 1991 6 October 1991
Greece b/ 3 March 1980 6 September 1991 6 October 1991
Guatemala 12 March 1980 23 April 1985 8 February 1987 (7)
Haiti 9 April 1980
Hungary 17 June 1980 4 May 1984 8 February 1987 (8)(21)
Indonesia 3 July 1986 5 November 1986 8 February 1987 (9)
Ireland b/ 13 June 1980 6 September 1991 6 October 1991
Israel 17 June 1983 (10)
Italy b/ 13 June 1980 6 September 1991 6 October 1991 (11)
Japan 28 October 1988 27 November 1988
Liechtenstein 13 January 1986 25 November 1986 8 February 1987
Lithuania 7 December 1993 6 January 1994
Luxembourg b/ 13 June 1980 6 September 1991 6 October 1991
Mexico 4 April 1988 4 May 1988
Mongolia 23 January 1986 28 May 1986 8 February 1987 (12)(21)
Morocco 25 July 1980
Netherlands b/ 13 June 1980 6 September 1991 6 October 1991 (13)
Niger 7 January 1985
Norway 26 January 1983 15 August 1985 8 February 1987
Panama 18 March 1980
Paraguay 21 May 1980 6 February 1985 8 February 1987
Peru 11 January 1995 10 February 1995
Philippines 19 May 1980 22 September 1981 8 February 1987
Poland 6 August 1980 5 October 1983 8 February 1987 (14)
Portugal b/ 19 September 1984 6 September 1991 6 October 1991
Republic of Korea 29 December 1981 7 April 1982 8 February 1987 (15)
Romania 15 January 1981 (16) 23 November 1993 23 December 1993
________________________
a/ The information concerning this Convention is reproduced below as
furnished on 4 July 1995 by the secretariat of the International Atomic
Energy Agency.
b/ Signed/ratified as EURATOM member State.
Date of deposit
of expression
States/ Date of of consent to
organization signature be bound Entry into force
Russian 22 May 1980 25 May 1983 8 February 1987 (17)
Federation continued
26 December 1991
Slovakia 10 February 1993 effect from 1 January 1993
Slovenia 7 July 1992 effect from 25 June 1991
South Africa 18 May 1981 (18)
Spain b/ 7 April 1986 6 September 1991 6 October 1991 (19)
Sweden 2 July 1980 1 August 1980 8 February 1987
Switzerland 9 January 1987 9 January 1987 8 February 1987
Tunisia 8 April 1993 8 May 1993
Turkey 23 August 1983 27 February 1985 8 February 1987 (20)
Ukraine 6 July 1993 5 August 1993
United Kingdom of
Great Britain
and Northern
Ireland b/ 13 June 1980 6 September 1991 6 October 1991
United States of
America 3 March 1980 13 December 1982 8 February 1987
Yugoslavia 15 July 1980 14 May 1986 8 February 1987
continued
28 April 1992
(1)The following reservation was attached to the instrument of ratification
of the Convention:
"In accordance with the provisions of Article 17.3 of the Convention,
Argentina does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute
settlement procedures provided for in Article 17.2 of the Convention".
(2)In succeeding, Belarus upheld the reservation made by the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics upon its adherence (see note 17).
(3)"The People's Republic of Bulgaria does not consider itself bound by
Article 17 (2) of the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear
Material, according to which any dispute concerning the interpretation or
application of the Convention shall, at the request of any Party to such
dispute, be submitted to arbitration or referred to the International Court
of Justice."
(4)The following reservation was attached to the instrument of accession:
"China will not be bound by the two dispute settlement procedures as
stipulated in paragraph 2, Article 17 of the said Convention".
(5)"[The European Atomic Energy Community] would like to declare:
"(a) that the Member States of the Community are at present Belgium,
Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland;
"(b) that Articles 7 to 13 of the Convention are not applicable to the
Community.
"Further, pursuant to Article 17 (3) of the Convention, [the European
Atomic Energy Community] declare[s] that, since only States may be parties
in cases before the International Court of Justice, the Community considers
itself exclusively bound by the arbitration procedures provided for in
Article 17 (2)."
(6)Upon signature:
"Recalling its statement contained in document CPNM/90 of 25 October 1979,
the French Government declares that the jurisdiction referred to in Article
8, paragraph 4 may not be invoked against it, since the criterion of
jurisdiction based on involvement in international nuclear transport as the
exporting or importing State is not expressly recognized in international
law and is not provided for in French national legislation."
"In accordance with Article 17, paragraph 3, France declares that it does
not accept the competence of the International Court of Justice in the
settlement of the disputes referred to in paragraph 2 of this article, nor
that of the President of the International Court of Justice to appoint one
or more arbitrators."
Note:The French statement regarding article 6 bis (document CPNM/87) reads:
"... This provision introduces new elements to the field of criminal
jurisdiction, necessitating a thorough examination of their legal
implications ..." (document CPNM/90)
Upon approval:
"(1) In approving the Convention, the French Government expresses the
following reservation: the offences described in subparagraphs 1 (e) and 1
(f) of article 7 of the Convention shall be punished in accordance with the
provisions of French penal legislation.
"(2) The French Government declares that the jurisdiction referred to in
article 8, paragraph 4 may not be invoked against it, since the criterion
of jurisdiction based on involvement in international nuclear transport as
the exporting or importing State is not expressly recognized in
international law and is not provided for in French national legislation.
"(3) In accordance with article 17, paragraph 3, France declares that it
does not accept the competence of the International Court of Justice in the
settlement of the disputes referred to in paragraph 2 of this article, nor
that of the President of the International Court of Justice to appoint one
or more arbitrators."
(7)The instrument of ratification contains the following reservation:
"The Republic of Guatemala does not consider itself bound by any of the
dispute settlement procedures set out in paragraph 2 of Article 17 of the
Convention, which provide for the submission of disputes to arbitration or
their referral to the International Court of Justice for decision".
(8)"The Hungarian People's Republic does not consider itself bound by the
provision of paragraph 2 of article 17 that any dispute which cannot be
settled in the manner prescribed in paragraph 1 of article 17 shall, at the
request of any party to such dispute, be submitted to arbitration or
referred to the International Court of Justice for decision."
(9)The instrument of ratification contains the following reservation:
"The Government of the Republic of Indonesia does not consider itself bound
by the provision of Article 17, paragraph 2 of this Convention and takes
the position that any dispute relating to the interpretation or application
of the Convention may only be submitted to arbitration or to the
International Court of Justice with the agreement of all parties to the
dispute".
(10)"In accordance with Article 17, paragraph 3, Israel declares that it
does not consider itself bound by the dispute settlement procedures
provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 17."
(11) "(1) In connection with article 4.2
Italy considers that if assurances as to the levels of physical
protection described in annex I have not been received in good time the
importing State party may take appropriate bilateral steps as far as
practicable to assure itself that the transport will take place in
compliance with the aforesaid levels.
"(2) In connection with article 10
The last words 'through proceedings in accordance with the laws of the
State' are to be considered as referring to the whole article 10.
"Italy considers that international cooperation and assistance for
physical protection and recovery of nuclear materials as well as criminal
rules and extradition will apply also to the domestic use, storage and
transport of nuclear material used for peaceful purposes. Italy also
considers that no provision contained in this convention shall be
interpreted as precluding the possibility to widen the scope of the
convention at the review conference foreseen in article 16."
(12)"... does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2,
article 17 of the Convention, whereby disputes arising out of the
interpretation or application of the Convention could be submitted to
arbitration or referred to the International Court of Justice for decision
at the request of any party to the dispute."
(13)"With regard to the obligation to exercise jurisdiction referred to in
Article 10 of the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear
Material, done at Vienna/New York on 3 March 1980, the Kingdom of the
Netherlands makes the reservation, that in cases where the judicial
authorities of the Netherlands are unable to exercise jurisdiction on the
grounds of one of the principles referred to in Article 8, paragraph 1, of
the Convention, the Kingdom shall be bound by this obligation only if it
has received an extradition request from a Party to the Convention and the
said request has been rejected."
(14)"After having seen and examined the said Convention and the annexes
thereto, the Council of State approved them subject to the reservation that
the People's Republic of Poland does not consider itself bound by the
provisions of Article 17.2 of the Convention; ..."
(15)"The Government of the Republic of Korea does not consider itself bound
by the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of Article
17."
(16)"The Socialist Republic of Romania declares that it does not consider
itself bound by the provisions of Article 17, paragraph 2 of the Convention
on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, which state that any
dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention
which cannot be settled by negotiation or by any other peaceful means of
settling disputes shall, at the request of any party to such dispute, be
submitted to arbitration or referred to the International Court of Justice
for decision.
"The Socialist Republic of Romania considers that such disputes can be
submitted to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice only with
the consent of all parties to the dispute in each individual case.
"In signing the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material,
the Socialist Republic of Romania declares that, in its interpretation, the
provisions of Article 18, paragraph 4 refer exclusively to organizations to
which the Member States have transferred competence to negotiate, conclude
and apply international agreements on their behalf and to exercise the
rights and fulfil the responsibilities entailed by such agreements
including the right to vote."
(17)"The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics does not consider itself bound
by the provisions of Article 17, paragraph 2 of the Convention that any
dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention
shall be submitted to arbitration or referred to the International Court of
Justice at the request of any party to such dispute."
(18)"In accordance with Article 17, paragraph 3, the Republic of South
Africa declares that it does not consider itself bound by the dispute
settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 17."
(19)"The Kingdom of Spain declares, in accordance with paragraph 3 of
Article 17 of the Convention, that it does not consider itself bound by the
procedure for the settlement of disputes stipulated in paragraph 2 of
Article 17."
(20)"Turkey, in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 3 of the Convention
does not consider itself bound by Article 17, paragraph 2 of the
Convention."
(21)Indicates that reservation/declaration was subsequently withdrawn.
5. Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence
at
Airports Serving International Civil Aviation,
supplementary
to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal
on
24 February 1988 (entered into force on 6 August 1988, in
accordance with article VI, paragraph 1) a/
Date of deposit
of instrument of
Date of ratification or
States signature accession
Effective date
Argentina 24 February 1988 12 February 1992 13 March 1992
Australia 23 October 1990 22 November 1990
Austria 4 July 1989 28 December 1989 27 January 1990
Belarus 24 February 1988 1 May 1989 6 August 1989
Belgium 15 March 1989
Brazil 24 February 1988
Bulgaria 24 February 1988 26 March 1991 25 April 1991
Cameroon 23 November 1988
Canada 24 February 1988 2 August 1993 1 September 1993
Central African
Republic 1 July 1991 31 July 1991
Chile 24 February 1988 15 August 1989 14 September 1989
China 24 February 1988
Congo 13 April 1989
Costa Rica 24 February 1988
Cote d'Ivoire 21 March 1988
Czech Republic (1) 25 March 1993 1 January 1993
Democratic People's
Republic of Korea 11 April 1989
Denmark (2) 24 February 1988 23 November 1989 23 December 1989
Egypt 24 February 1988
Estonia 22 December 1993 21 January 1994
Ethiopia 24 February 1988
Fiji 21 September 1992 21 October 1992
Finland 16 November 1988
France (3) 29 March 1988 6 September 1989 6 October 1989
Gabon 20 September 1988
Germany (4) 24 February 1988 25 April 1994 25 May 1994
Ghana 24 February 1988
Greece 18 April 1988 25 April 1991 25 May 1991
Guatemala 11 October 1994 10 November 1994
Hungary 24 February 1988 7 September 1988 6 August 1989
Iceland 24 February 1988 9 May 1990 8 June 1990
India 22 March 1995 21 April 1995
Indonesia 24 February 1988
Iraq 31 January 1990 2 March 1990
Ireland 29 July 1988 26 July 1991 25 August 1991
Israel 24 February 1988 2 April 1993 2 May 1993
Italy 24 February 1988 13 March 1990 12 April 1990
________________________
a/ The information concerning this Convention is reproduced below as
furnished on 4 July 1995 by the secretariat of the International Civil
Aviation Organization.
Date of deposit
of instrument of
Date of ratification or
States signature accession
Effective date
Jamaica 24 February 1988
Jordan 30 September 1988 18 September 1992 18 October 1992
Kazakstan 18 May 1995 17 June 1995
Kuwait (5) 24 February 1988 8 March 1989 6 August 1989
Lebanon 24 February 1988
Liberia 24 February 1988
Luxembourg 18 May 1989
Malawi 24 February 1988
Malaysia 24 February 1988
Mali 31 October 1990 30 November 1990
Malta 14 June 1991 14 July 1991
Marshall Islands 23 June 1988 30 May 1989 6 August 1989
Mauritius 28 June 1989 17 August 1989 16 September 1989
Mexico 24 February 1988 11 October 1990 10 November 1990
Monaco 22 December 1993 21 January 1994
Morocco 8 July 1988
Netherlands, Kingdom
of the (6) 13 April 1988
New Zealand 11 April 1989
Niger 24 February 1988
Norway 24 February 1988 29 May 1990 28 June 1990
Oman 27 November 1992 27 December 1992
Pakistan 24 February 1988
Peru 24 February 1988 7 June 1989 6 August 1989
Philippines 25 January 1989
Poland 24 February 1988
Portugal 24 February 1988
Republic of Korea 24 February 1988 27 June 1990 27 July 1990
Romania 24 February 1988
Russian Federation 24 February 1988 31 March 1989 6 August 1989
Saint Lucia 11 June 1990 11 July 1990
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines 1 December 1988 29 November 1991 29 December 1991
Saudi Arabia 24 February 1988 21 February 1989 6 August 1989
Senegal 24 February 1988
Slovakia (7) 20 March 1995 1 January 1993
Slovenia (8) 27 May 1992 -Spain 2 March 1989 8 May 1991 7
June 1991
Sri Lanka 28 October 1988
Sweden 24 February 1988 26 July 1990 25 August 1990
Switzerland 24 February 1988 9 October 1990 8 November 1990
The former Yugoslav
Republic of
Macedonia (9) 4 January 1995 -Togo 24 October 1988 9
February 1990 11 March 1990
Tunisia 7 June 1994 7 July 1994
Turkey 24 February 1988 7 July 1989 6 August 1989
Uganda 17 March 1994 16 April 1994
Ukraine 24 February 1988
Date of deposit
of instrument of
Date of ratification or
States signature accession
Effective date
United Arab Emirates 24 February 1988 9 March 1989 6 August 1989
United Kingdom of
Great Britain
and Northern
Ireland (10) 26 October 1988 15 November 1990 15 December 1990
United States of
America 24 February 1988 19 October 1994 18 November 1994
Uzbekistan 7 February 1994 9 March 1994
Venezuela 24 February 1988
Yugoslavia* 24 February 1988 21 December 1989 20 January 1990
Zaire 24 February 1988
________________________
* Yugoslavia refers to the former Socialist Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia.
(1)By a Note dated 8 March 1993, received on 25 March 1993, the Government
of the Czech Republic informed the International Civil Aviation
Organization that, as a successor State created as a result of the
dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, it considered itself
bound by the Protocol with effect from 1 January 1993.
(2)The Government of Denmark made the following reservation at the time of
ratification of the Protocol: "Until later decision, the Protocol will not
be applied to the Faroe Islands".
Note: On 27 September 1994, a declaration dated 22 September 1994 was
deposited
with the International Civil Aviation Organization by the
Government of
Denmark whereby that Government withdraws the above
reservation, with
effect from 1 October 1994.
(3)The Government of France made the following declaration at the time of
signature of the Protocol:
"The French Republic recalls the declaration made at the time of its
accession to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against
the Safety of Civil Aviation of 23 September 1971, when it stated that:
'In accordance with Article 14, paragraph 2, the French Republic does not
consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of that Article
under which any dispute between two or more Contracting States concerning
the interpretation or application of this Convention which cannot be
settled through negotiation, shall, at the request of one of them, be
submitted to arbitration. If within six months from the date of the
request for arbitration the Parties are unable to agree on the organization
of the arbitration, any one of those Parties may refer the dispute to the
International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of
the Court.'
The above declaration is applicable to the Protocol for the Suppression of
Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation,
Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Civil Aviation of 23 September 1971."
In addition, the following declaration was made by that Government at the
time of ratification:
"In depositing its instrument of ratification of the Protocol of 24
February 1988 for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports
Serving International Civil Aviation, Supplementary to the Convention for
the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation done
at Montreal on 23 September 1971, the French Republic recalls and confirms
the declaration made at the time of its accession to the said Convention,
when it stated that: 'In accordance with Article 14, paragraph 2, the
French Republic does not consider itself bound by the provisions of
paragraph 1 of that Article under which any dispute between two or more
Contracting States concerning the interpretation or application of this
Convention which cannot be settled through negotiation, shall, at the
request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If within six months
from the date of the request for arbitration the Parties are unable to
agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those Parties may
refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in
conformity with the Statute of the Court.'
The above declaration is applicable to the Protocol for the Suppression of
Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation,
Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Civil Aviation of 23 September 1971."
(4)The German Democratic Republic, which ratified the Protocol on 31
January 1989, acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990.
(5)It is understood that the ratification of this Protocol does not mean in
any way a recognition of Israel by the Government of the State of Kuwait.
Furthermore, no treaty relations will arise between the State of Kuwait and
Israel.
(6)The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands made the following
interpretative statement at the time of signature of the Protocol:
"The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands hereby declares that, in
the light of the preamble, it understands the provisions laid down in
Articles II and III of the Protocol to signify the following:
-only those acts which, in view of the nature of the weapons used and the
place where they are committed, cause or are likely to cause incidental
loss of life or serious injury among the general public or users of
international civil aviation in particular, shall be classed as acts of
violence within the meaning of the new paragraph 1 bis (a), as contained in
Article II of the Protocol;
-only those acts which, in view of the damage which they cause to
buildings or aircraft at the airport or their disruption of the services
provided by the airport, endanger or are likely to endanger the safe
operation of the airport in relation to international civil aviation, shall
be classed as acts of violence within the meaning of the new paragraph 1
bis (b), as contained in Article II of the Protocol."
(7)By a Note dated 16 February 1995, received on 20 March 1995, the
Government of Slovakia informed the International Civil Aviation
Organization that, as a successor State, born from the dissolution of the
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, it considered itself bound by the
Protocol with effect from 1 January 1993.
(8)An instrument of succession by the Government of Slovenia to the
Protocol was deposited with the Government of the United Kingdom on 27 May
1992.
(9)An instrument of succession by the Government of the former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia to the Protocol was deposited with the Government of
the United States on 4 January 1995.
(10)The Government of the United Kingdom made the following declaration at
the time of ratification of the Protocol: "... the United Kingdom declares
that until consultations with various territories under the territorial
sovereignty of the United Kingdom are completed, the Protocol will apply in
respect of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland only.
Consultations with the territories are in hand and are expected to be
completed by the end of 1991."
6. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against
the Safety of Maritime Navigation, done at Rome on
10 March 1988 (entered into force on 1 March 1992)
a/
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification,
accession, approval Date of entry States b/ Date of signature
or acceptance into force
Argentina 10 March 1988 17 August 1993 (1) 15 November 1993
Australia 19 February 1993 20 May 1993
Austria 10 March 1988 28 December 1989 1 March 1992
Bahamas 10 March 1988
Barbados 6 May 1994 4 August 1994
Belgium 9 March 1989
Brazil 10 March 1988
Brunei Darussalam 3 February 1989
Bulgaria 10 March 1988
Belarus 2 March 1989
Canada 10 March 1988 18 June 1993 16 September 1993
Chile 10 March 1988 (2) 22 April 1994 21 July 1994
China 25 October 1988 (3) 20 August 1991 1 March 1992
Costa Rica 10 March 1988
Denmark 26 October 1988
Ecuador 10 March 1988
Egypt 16 August 1988 8 January 1993 (4) 8 April 1993
Finland 18 November 1988
France 10 March 1988 2 December 1991 (5) 1 March 1992
Gambia 1 November 1991 1 March 1992
Germany 6 November 1990 (6) 1 March 1992
Greece 10 March 1988 11 June 1993 9 September 1993
Hungary 10 March 1988 9 November 1989 1 March 1992
Iraq 17 October 1988 (7)
Israel 10 March 1988
Italy 10 March 1988 26 January 1990 1 March 1992
Jordan 10 March 1988
Lebanon 16 December 1994 16 March 1995
Liberia 10 March 1988
Marshall Islands 29 November 1994 27 February 1995
Mexico 13 May 1994 (8) 11 August 1994
Morocco 10 March 1988
Netherlands 23 January 1989 5 March 1992 3 June 1992
New Zealand 8 December 1988
Nigeria 9 September 1988
Norway 10 March 1988 18 April 1991 1 March 1992
Oman 24 September 1990 1 March 1992
Philippines 10 March 1988
Poland 22 November 1988 25 June 1991 1 March 1992
Romania 2 June 1993 31 August 1993
Russian Federation 2 March 1989
Saudi Arabia 6 March 1989
Seychelles 24 January 1989 24 January 1989 1 March 1992
Spain 28 September 1988 7 July 1989 1 March 1992
Sweden 10 March 1988 13 September 1990 1 March 1992
________________________
a/ The information concerning this Convention is reproduced below as
furnished on 4 July 1995 by the secretariat of the International Maritime
Organization.
b/ Czechoslovakia, which had signed the Convention on 9 March 1989,
was dissolved on 31 December 1992.
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification,
accession, approval Date of entry States b/ Date of signature
or acceptance into force
Switzerland 10 March 1988 12 March 1993 10 June 1993
Trinidad and Tobago 27 July 1989 1 March 1992
Turkey 10 March 1988 (9)
Ukraine 2 March 1989 21 April 1994 20 July 1994
United Kingdom of
Great Britain and
Northern Ireland 22 September 1988 3 May 1991 (10) 1 March 1992
United States of
America 10 March 1988 6 December 1994 6 March 1995
(1)The instrument of ratification contained the following reservation:
"The Argentine Republic declares, in accordance with the provisions of
article 16, paragraph 2, of the Convention, that it shall not be bound by
any of the provisions of paragraph 1 of that article."
(2)The following statement was made at the time of signature of the
Convention:
"In connection with the provisions of article 4 of the present Convention,
the Government of Chile shall not apply the provisions thereof to incidents
that occur in its internal waters and in the waters of Magellan Strait."
(3)The following statement was made at the time of signature of the
Convention and reaffirmed upon ratification:
"The People's Republic of China is not bound by paragraph 1 of article 16
of the Convention."
(4)The following reservations were made at the time of ratification of the
Convention:
"1.A reservation is made to article 16 on the peaceful settlement of
disputes because it provides for the binding jurisdiction of the
International Court of Justice, and also with regard to the application of
the Convention to seagoing ships in internal waters which are scheduled to
navigate beyond territorial waters.
"2.A reservation is made to article 6, paragraph 2, of the Convention and
article 3, paragraph 2, of the Protocol because those articles permit the
optional jurisdiction of blackmailed States (which are asked by the
perpetrator of an act of terrorism to do or abstain from doing any act).
"This is in compliance with the provision of paragraph 4 of each of the
two articles."
(5) The instrument of approval contained the following declarations:
"1. As far as article 3, paragraph 2, is concerned the French Republic
understands by 'tentative', 'incitation', 'complicite' and 'menace', la
tentative, l'incitation, la complicite and la menace as defined in the
conditions envisaged by French criminal law.
"2. The French Republic does not consider itself bound by the provisions
of article 16, paragraph 1, according to which: 'Any dispute between two
or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this
Convention which cannot be settled through negotiation within a reasonable
time shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration.
If, within six months from the date of the request for arbitration, the
parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration any one
of those parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of
Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of the Court'."
(6)On 3 October 1990 the German Democratic Republic acceded to the Federal
Republic of Germany. The German Democratic Republic had acceded to the
Convention on 14 April 1989.
(7)The following reservation was made at the time of signature of the
Convention:
"This signature does not in any way imply recognition of Israel or entry
into any relationship with it."
(8) The instrument of accession of Mexico contained the following
reservation:
"Mexico's accession to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 1988, and to its Protocol for
the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms
Located on the Continental Shelf, 1988, is on the understanding that in
matters relating to extradition, both article 11 of the Convention and
article 3 of the Protocol will be applied in the Republic of Mexico subject
to the modalities and procedures laid down in the applicable provisions of
national law."
(9)Reservation to the effect that Turkey does not consider itself bound by
all of the provisions of article 16, paragraph 1.
(10)Theinstrument ofratification wasaccompaniedby thefollowing declaration:
"... that until consultations with various territories under the
territorial sovereignty of the United Kingdom are completed, the Convention
and Protocol will apply in respect of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland only. Consultations with the territories are in hand
and are expected to be completed by the end of 1991."
7. Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the
Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental
Shelf, done at Rome on 10 March 1988 (entered into force
on 1 March 1992) a/
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification,
accession, approval Date of entry States b/ Date of signature
or acceptance into force
Argentina 10 March 1988
Australia 19 February 1993 20 May 1993
Austria 28 December 1989 1 March 1992
Bahamas 10 March 1988
Barbados 6 May 1994 4 August 1994
Belgium 9 March 1989
Brazil 10 March 1988
Brunei Darussalam 3 February 1989
Bulgaria 10 March 1988
Belarus 2 March 1989
Canada 10 March 1988 18 June 1993 16 September 1993
Chile 10 March 1988 22 April 1994 21 July 1994
China 25 October 1988 (1) 20 August 1991 1 March 1992
Costa Rica 10 March 1988
Denmark 26 October 1988
Ecuador 10 March 1988
Egypt 16 August 1988 8 January 1993 (2) 8 April 1993
France 10 March 1988 2 December 1991 (3) 1 March 1992
Germany 6 November 1990 (4) 1 March 1992
Greece 10 March 1988 11 June 1993 9 September 1993
Hungary 10 March 1988 9 November 1989 1 March 1992
Iraq 17 October 1988 (5)
Israel 10 March 1988
Italy 10 March 1988 26 January 1990 1 March 1992
Jordan 10 March 1988
Lebanon 16 December 1995 16 March 1995
Liberia 10 March 1988
Mexico 13 May 1994 (6) 11 August 1994
Morocco 10 March 1988
Netherlands 23 January 1989 5 March 1992 (7) 3 June 1992
New Zealand 8 December 1988
Nigeria 9 September 1988
Norway 10 March 1988 18 April 1991 1 March 1992
Oman 24 September 1990 1 March 1992
Philippines 10 March 1988
Poland 22 November 1988 25 June 1991 1 March 1992
Romania 2 June 1993 31 August 1993
Russian Federation 2 March 1989
Saudi Arabia 6 March 1989
Seychelles 24 January 1989 24 January 1989 1 March 1992
Spain 28 September 1988 7 July 1989 1 March 1992
Sweden 10 March 1988 13 September 1990 1 March 1992
Switzerland 27 February 1989 12 March 1993 10 June 1993
________________________
a/ The information concerning this Convention is reproduced below as
furnished on 4 July 1995 by the secretariat of the International Maritime
Organization.
b/ Czechoslovakia, which had signed the Protocol on 9 March 1989,
was dissolved on 31 December 1992.
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification,
accession, approval Date of entry States b/ Date of signature
or acceptance into force
Trinidad and Tobago 27 July 1989 1 March 1992
Turkey 10 March 1988 (8)
Ukraine 2 March 1989 21 April 1994 20 July 1994
United Kingdom of
Great Britain and
Northern Ireland 22 September 1988 3 May 1991 (9) 1 March 1992
United States of America 10 March 1988 6 December 1994 6 March 1995
(1)The following statement was made at the time of signature of the
Protocol and reaffirmed upon ratification:
"The People's Republic of China is not bound by paragraph 1 of article 16
of the Convention."
(2)The following reservations were made at the time of ratification of the
Protocol:
"1.A reservation is made to article 16 on the peaceful settlement of
disputes because it provides for the binding jurisdiction of the
International Court of Justice, and also with regard to the application of
the Convention to seagoing ships in internal waters which are scheduled to
navigate beyond territorial waters.
"2.A reservation is made to article 6, paragraph 2 of the Convention and
article 3, paragraph 2, of the Protocol because those articles permit the
optional jurisdiction of blackmailed States (which are asked by the
perpetrator of an act of terrorism to do or abstain from doing any act).
"This is in compliance with the provision of paragraph 4 of each of the
two articles."
(3)The instrument of approval contained the following declarations:
"1. As far as article 2, paragraph 2, is concerned the French Republic
understands by 'tentative', 'incitation', 'complicite' and 'menace', La
tentative, l'incitation, la complicite and la menace as defined in the
conditions envisaged by French criminal law.
"2. The French Republic does not consider itself bound by the provisions
of article 1, paragraph 1, to the extent that reference is made to the
provisions of article 16, paragraph 1, according to which: 'Any dispute
between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or
application of this Convention which cannot be settled through negotiation
within a reasonable time shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted
to arbitration. If, within six months from the date of the request for
arbitration, the parties are unable to agree on the organization of the
arbitration any one of those parties may refer the dispute to the
International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of
the Court'."
(4)On 3 October 1990 the German Democratic Republic acceded to the Federal
Republic of Germany. The German Democratic Republic had acceded to the
Convention on 14 April 1989.
(5)The following reservation was made at the time of signature of the
Protocol:
"This signature does not in any way imply recognition of Israel or entry
into any relationship with it."
(6)The instrument of accession of Mexico contained the following
reservation:
"Mexico's accession to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 1988, and to its Protocol for
the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms
Located on the Continental Shelf, 1988, is on the understanding that in
matters relating to extradition, both article 11 of the Convention and
article 3 of the Protocol will be applied in the Republic of Mexico subject
to the modalities and procedures laid down in the applicable provisions of
national law."
(7)The instrument of acceptance contained the following reservation:
"With regard to the obligation laid down in article 1 of the Protocol in
conjunction with article 10 of the Convention for the Suppression of
Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation to exercise
jurisdiction in cases where the judicial authorities of the Netherlands
cannot exercise jurisdiction on any of the grounds referred to in article
3, paragraph 1, of the Protocol, the Government of the Kingdom of the
Netherlands reserves the right to be bound to exercise such jurisdiction
only after the Kingdom has received and rejected a request for extradition
from a State Party".
(8)Reservation to the effect that Turkey does not consider itself bound by
all of the provisions of article 16, paragraph 1 of the Convention.
(9)The instrument of ratification was accompanied by the following
declaration:
"... that until consultations with various territories under the
territorial sovereignty of the United Kingdom are completed, the Convention
and Protocol will apply in respect of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland only. Consultations with the territories are in hand
and are expected to be completed by the end of 1991."
8. Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for
the Purpose of Detection, signed at Montreal on
1 March 1991 a/
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification,
acceptance, approval,
States Date of signature accession or succession Effective date
Afghanistan 1 March 1991
Argentina 1 March 1991
Belarus 1 March 1991
Belgium 1 March 1991
Belize 1 March 1991
Bolivia 1 March 1991
Brazil (1) 1 March 1991
Bulgaria 26 March 1991
Canada 1 March 1991
Chile 1 March 1991
Colombia 13 December 1991
Costa Rica 1 March 1991
Cote d'Ivoire 1 March 1991
Czech Republic (2)(3) 25 March 1993
Denmark 1 March 1991
Ecuador 1 March 1991
Eritrea 1 December 1994
Egypt 1 March 1991 19 July 1993
Finland 25 March 1993
France 1 March 1991
Gabon 1 March 1991
Germany 1 March 1991
Ghana 1 March 1991
Greece 1 March 1991
Guinea 1 March 1991
Guinea-Bissau 1 March 1991
Honduras (1) 26 March 1991
Hungary 30 October 1992 11 January 1994
Israel 1 March 1991
Jordan 17 July 1992
Kazakstan 18 May 1995
Kuwait 1 March 1991
Lebanon 1 March 1991
Madagascar 1 March 1991
Mali 1 March 1991
Malta 15 November 1994
Mauritius 1 March 1991
Mexico 1 March 1991 9 April 1992
Netherlands 2 August 1991
Nicaragua 6 October 1994
Norway (2) 1 March 1991 9 July 1992
Pakistan 1 March 1991
Peru (1) 1 March 1991
Republic of Korea 1 March 1991
Russian Federation 1 March 1991
Senegal 1 March 1991
Slovakia (2) (4) 20 March 1995
Spain (2) 5 April 1993 31 May 1994
Sweden 13 November 1992
________________________
a/ The information concerning this Convention is reproduced below as
furnished on 4 July 1995 by the secretariat of the International Civil
Aviation Organization.
Date of deposit
of instrument of
ratification,
acceptance, approval, States Date of
signature accession or succession Effective date
Switzerland (2) 1 March 1991 3 April 1995
Togo 1 March 1991
Turkey (1) 7 May 1991 14 December 1994
Ukraine 1 March 1991
United Arab Emirates 21 December 1992
United States of America 1 March 1991
United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern
Ireland 1 March 1991
Zambia 31 May 1995
(1)Reservation: Does not consider itself bound by Article XI, paragraph 1,
of the Convention.
(2)Declaration, in accordance with Article XIII, paragraph 2, of the
Convention, that it is a producer State.
(3)By a Note dated 8 March 1993, received on 25 March 1993, the Government
of the Czech Republic informed the International Civil Aviation
Organization that, as a successor State created as a result of the
dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, it considered itself
bound, as at 1 January 1993, by the Convention. The declaration made by
the former Czech and Slovak Federal Republic in accordance with Article
XIII, paragraph 2, thereof continues in force for the Czech Republic (see
footnote 2).
(4)By a Note dated 16 February 1995, received on 20 March 1995, the
Government of the Slovak Republic informed the International Civil Aviation
Organization that, as a successor State, born from the dissolution of the
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, it considered itself bound, as of 1
January 1993, by the Convention. The declaration made by the former Czech
and Slovak Federal Republic in accordance with Article XIII, paragraph 2,
thereof continues in force for the Slovak Republic (see footnote 2).
-----