98-01749 (E)
100298
* E/CN.6/1998/1.
** See also E/CN.6/1998/2, chap. III, sect. A.
United Nations
E/CN.6/1998/2/Add.2
Economic and Social Council
Distr.: General
26 January 1998
Original: English
Commission on the Status of Women
Forty-second session
2-13 March 1998
Item 3 of the provisional agenda*
Follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on Women: review of
mainstreaming in the organizations of the United Nations system
Follow-up to and implementation of the Beijing Declaration
and Platform for Action
Report of the Secretary-General
Addendum
III. Reports prepared in accordance
with specific mandates
Situation of Palestinian women and
assistance provided by organizations of
the United Nations system**
1.
The present report on the situation of Palestinian
women and assistance provided by organizations of the
United Nations system, as requested by the Economic and
Social Council in resolution 1997/16, is based on information
and data collected by United Nations bodies monitoring the
situation in the occupied territories, such as the Special
Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the
Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of
the Occupied Territories, and by the Special Rapporteur of
the Commission on Human Rights on Palestinian territories
occupied since 1967. Information on assistance to Palestinian
women was requested from the United Nations system and
replies from 12 entities have been included in this report.
1. Situation of Palestinian women
2.
The situation of Palestinian women living in the
Palestinian self-rule areas and in the occupied territories has
not improved, according to the information provided. Daily
life in the self-rule areas continued to be affected by the
imposition of security-related measures by the Israeli
authorities, which had a detrimental impact on the economic
and social situation. As in the past, Palestinian women are
experiencing the gender-specific impact of these measures,
which is reinforced by existing inequalities in society between
women and men.
3.
In his report to the Commission on Human Rights, Mr.
Hannu Halinen (Finland), the Special Rapporteur on
Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, noted that the
issue of settlements, including the confiscation of Palestinian
land, was emerging as the greatest preoccupation of the
inhabitants of the occupied territories, especially in the West
Bank. Settler violence and closures imposed by the Israeli
authorities on the occupied territories in the wake of security
E/CN.6/1998/2/Add.2
2
incidents were further issues of concern. The closures had a
to fund the employment of teachers and the construction of
devastating impact on the fragile Palestinian economy and
new schools and classrooms have curtailed the educational
contributed to maintaining unemployment at an estimated 40
activities carried out by the United Nations Relief and Works
per cent in the Gaza Strip and 30 per cent in the West Bank
Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)
(E/CN.4/1997/16). Palestinian incomes have dropped sharply
for the refugee population. In the report of the Secretary-
since the Oslo Agreement in 1993, from $1,800 to $950 a
General on assistance to the Palestinian people, (A/52/159-
year in the West Bank, and from $1,200 to $600 a year in the
E/1997/69), it was noted that improvements in the
Gaza Strip. With the established threshold for poverty at
educational sector and capacity development in the classroom
1
$998.50 a year, the poverty rate is estimated to be 20 per cent
were a high priority for the Palestinian Authority.
in the West Bank and 40 per cent in the Gaza Strip. As a
result of the closure of the occupied Palestinian territories,
much of the $1 billion assistance received since 1993 had to
be spent on short-term job creation programmes and income
support rather than the envisaged longer term investment in
infrastructure and institution-building (see A/52/179-
E/1997/76, annex).
4.
The Special Committee reported that the deterioration
They were subject to full strip searches, sometimes in front
of the economic situation has a negative impact on women,
of their children and male policemen (see A/52/131).
especially those who head households. Economic pressure is
also contributing to the erosion of the social fabric, resulting
in delayed marriage and the increase in the rate of divorce
(see A/52/131/Add.2). The Special Rapporteur noted the
deterioration of the situation of women in the occupied
territories, which had been reported as one of the hidden
effects of the closure (see E/CN.4/1997/16).
5.
The closure affected the health conditions of the
population in the occupied territories, especially in Gaza.
Patients needing specialized treatment available only in
Israeli hospitals frequently did not receive entry permits.
According to figures collected, one third of the Palestinians
referred by Palestinian health committees could not obtain
permits to enter Israel (see A/52/131/Add.2). Womens
reproductive health is of particular concern. The Special
Rapporteur noted that at least 10 persons, including at least
seven pregnant women, are believed to have died for want of
ready access to better equipped medical facilities. The
Palestinian Authority Ministry of Health issued a statement
in Gaza claiming that 26 babies had been stillborn because
of delays at security checkpoints during the lengthy closure
imposed
after the suicide bombings in 1996
(see
A/51/131/Add.2). One woman had to give birth at a road
block, having been prevented from travelling to a hospital
(see A/52/131).
6.
The closures had a negative impact on education, in
particular for students from Gaza who could not attend their
educational institutions in the West Bank. As the educational
sector is already affected by overcrowding due to the
population increase and deteriorating premises, any additional
obstacle further jeopardizes the scholastic achievements of
students and has a specific gender impact. Limited resources
7.
The Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices
Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and
other Arabs of the Occupied Territories reported several
incidents of harassment and physical ill-treatment of civilians.
The information provided indicates that women and girls were
victims of violence and sexual harassment when their family
homes were searched for weapons by the Israeli police force.
8.
The Special Committee also reported that family
reunion was hampered. Palestinian women married to
Jordanian citizens were refused renewal of their residence
permits and the visas of their husbands were invalidated.
9.
Progress has been achieved regarding Palestinian
women prisoners in Israeli prisons who had not been released
as previously agreed. The remaining women prisoners were
released by the Israeli authorities on 11 February 1997 in
accordance with the 1995 Interim Agreement between Israel
and the Palestinian Authority (see A/52/131/Add.1).
10.
The quality of services of UNRWA, the main provider
of support for Palestinian refugees, has been eroding due to
the steady increase in the refugee population and inflation on
one side, and austerity measures and budgetary reduction that
led to the reduction of a number of its programmes on the
other side. The average expenditure per refugee has dropped
by 29 per cent since 1992. Since Palestinian refugee women
are direct beneficiaries of UNRWA programmes, they have
been hit by the cut in services.2
2. Follow-up activities to the Fourth World
Conference on Women
11.
In the Palestinian self-rule areas and occupied
territories, progress has been reported with regard to the
elimination of some discriminatory laws and practices. The
draft Palestinian constitution emphasizes the principle of
equality between men and women. Palestinian women can
now obtain a passport without written consent of so-called
guardians, widows can obtain passports for their children
without the permission of a brother or father. Women can take
E/CN.6/1998/2/Add.2
3
driving lessons without a male chaperone and married
the establishment of a database of institutions and workshops
students are no longer dismissed from school (see A/52/179).
on the use of the Internet. The United Nations Development
12.
The action plan to implement the Beijing Platform for
Action, entitled Strategies for a Post Beijing Palestinian
Governmental Plan of Action Through the Year 2000, was
prepared under the leadership of an Intergovernmental
Coordinating Committee, which included representatives of
the various ministries, the Directorate for Womens
16.
Many activities focus on women and the economy. ILO
Development and a committee of non-governmental
and its International Training Centre at Turin have
organizations in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The
implemented subprogrammes on the development of
United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM),
Palestinian women entrepreneurship and of Palestinian
jointly with the European Union, launched a Post-Beijing
womens status. Four technical workshops have been
Follow-up Operation in the occupied territories and
organized in the Palestinian territories. The ILO programme
Palestinian self-rule areas and four countries of the Western
of assistance places emphasis on income-generating
Asia region (Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic, Lebanon and
opportunities for women. UNIFEMs Womens Economic
Yemen).
The International Training Centre of the
Empowerment Programme in the Gaza Strip, undertaken
International Labour Organization (ILO) at Turin organized
jointly with the Ministry of Social Affairs, encourages
a seminar on the strengthening of the national machinery for
enterprise
development
through
the
creation
of
members of the Intergovernmental Coordinating Committee
entrepreneurial awareness, skills training and institutional
in the follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on Women
capacity-building. Its goal is to decrease the burden of poverty
in June 1997.
and unemployment through a leadership and empowerment
13.
The Strategies for a Post Beijing Palestinian
Governmental Plan of Action Through the Year 2000 refer
to the 12 critical areas of concern established in the Platform
for Action. Measures to achieve the goals under the critical
area of concern women and armed conflict, include
17.
The International Trade Centre (ITC) reported that it
mobilization of Arab and international womens organizations
was implementing a mainstream project for the development
in order to release all detainees, especially women; and to
and promotion of high-value floricultural products from the
further cooperate with Israeli women to establish a peace
West Bank and Gaza Strip, in collaboration with the
culture.
Palestinian Welfare Association. The project would create
3. United Nations assistance to Palestinian women
14.
Information provided by the United Nations system
shows that an increasing number of programmes and agencies
of the United Nations system paid attention to gender aspects
in development and continue to provide support to Palestinian
women, in particular in the field of conference follow-up,
income generation, health, education and training.
15.
UNIFEM is supporting the effective implementation of
the Palestinian action plan, its translation into national
projects, and the establishment of institutional and human
capacities within womens committees and non-governmental
organizations at the national and regional levels, including
the mainstreaming of a gender perspective into national
development processes. Furthermore, UNIFEM launched a
women in development facilitation initiative to better
coordinate and exchange information on initiatives for women
in development as carried out by donors, the Palestinian
Authority and non-governmental organizations. It includes
Programme (UNDP) is providing support to established
womens departments in the Ministries of Planning and
International Cooperation, Youth and Sports, Social Affairs
and Health, in order to enhance the capacity of the Palestinian
Authority ministries to mainstream gender in development.
approach. The programme is carried out in close cooperation
with the training department of UNRWA and the industrial
development department of the Economic and Social
Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA).
additional employment opportunities for Palestinian women
in the export-oriented floricultural industry. ITC also
prepared a project to provide trade development support to
Palestinian women entrepreneurs, for which funding has not
yet been secured.
18.
The World Banks activity in the West Bank and Gaza
Strip evolved from a programme designed to respond to
emergency reconstruction needs to one focusing on longer-
term development initiatives, which consequently pays
greater attention to gender issues. No specific programmes
directed towards women have been designed, but gender
issues are addressed in projects of a social development
nature. A Palestinian NGO Project was launched, which
grants US$ 14.5 million for finance service delivery and
capacity-building activities to Palestinian non-governmental
organizations. The project is aimed at assisting poor and
disadvantaged Palestinians and grants would be provided for
projects focused on women in the field of health, income
generation and agricultural extension.
E/CN.6/1998/2/Add.2
4
19.
UNRWA continued to assist disadvantaged refugees,
to support projects related to gender equality in education and
particularly women, to raise their economic status through
womens health.
skills training, production units, group savings and credit
provision. Women were particularly interested in utilizing
group savings and loan schemes for home improvement and
income generation. In the Gaza Strip, 66 per cent of 4,452
loans valued at US$ 5.4 million were awarded to women. A
local investment journal noted that the Agencys credit
activity had macroeconomic consequences and was beginning
to influence Palestinian financial markets. UNRWAs plan
to achieve managerial and financial sustainability for
community centres progressed. As of June 1997, 52 of the 71
womens centres were managed by local committees.
20.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations carried out a consultancy mission on gender
policies/institutions to the Palestinian territories. It identified
four strategies to narrow down the gender gap in agriculture.
Programmes of the International Fund for Agricultural
Development addressed the needs of small farmers and
fishermen, women and landless people in the rural areas of
Jericho and the Gaza Strip.
21.
The World Food Programme is providing assistance to
the Palestinian non-refugee population, in particular in the
Gaza Strip. Its poverty-alleviation scheme has targeted
approximately 50,000 needy persons registered as special
hardship cases, of which over 65 per cent are female heads
of household.
22.
In the field of education and training, UNDP has been
prospects for networking.
carrying out a project on gender-sensitive education,
implemented by four non-governmental organizations, which
includes workshops for teachers on gender issues in teaching,
subject curricula, counselling and discipline issues, the
development of a gender-sensitive resource manual and
community awareness campaigns. A rural girls development
centre will train young rural women in various skills,
including womens health and rights, agriculture and the arts.
The Education and Health Project of the World Bank impacts
positively on girls and women and will rehabilitate existing
and construct new girls schools in Gaza. UNRWA is offering
vocational and technical training for both women and men
and, in addition, special courses for women. Sixty-nine per
cent of the participants in a training course for teachers were
women.
23.
The programmes supported by the United Nations
Childrens Fund (UNICEF) promoted basic education and
health, with a cross-sectoral strategy for the promotion of
childrens rights and the empowerment of women. The
strategy focused on advocacy, capacity-building and
community mobilization. Technical assistance was provided
24.
UNFPA reported the establishment of a womens centre
for health care, social assistance, legal counselling and
community education in the Gaza Strip. In cooperation with
the World Health Organization, UNFPA is providing
assistance to the Womens Health and Development
Department of the Palestinian Authority Ministry of Health.
25.
With regard to womens and childrens human rights,
UNICEF has promoted the Convention on the Rights of the
Child and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination
against
Women
within
the
national
programme of action, in cooperation with the newly
established Gender Planning and Development General
Directorate and the Secretariat for Children at the Palestinian
Ministry of Planning. The Office of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Human Rights is providing assistance to
non-governmental organizations in the area of law reform and
womens rights.
26.
Within the United Nations Secretariat, the Division for
Palestinian Rights of the Department of Political Affairs
organized a round table on promoting equality and the full
participation of women in society as part of the United
Nations Seminar on Assistance to the Palestinian People
(Amman, 20-22 May 1997). ESCWA conducted a field
survey
on
the
role
of
womens
non-governmental
organizations in the economy, education and health and on
27.
The United Nations Statistics Division gave technical
assistance to the population and housing census conducted
by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in the
Palestinian self-rule areas (December 1997). To improve the
collection of timely and reliable statistics on gender issues,
UNDP provided assistance to the Gender Statistics Unit in
the Central Bureau of Statistics. UNFPA and the World Bank
supported the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in
carrying out the census, which will provide reliable and up-to-
date population and housing data necessary for development
planning, including data disaggregated by sex.
4. Conclusions
28.
Considerable efforts are being made by the Palestinian
authorities and civil society to improve the economic and
social conditions of Palestinian women, including legislative
revisions. The 1997 population and housing census
mentioned in paragraph 27 above will provide detailed
information and data on the status of Palestinian women and
become an important tool for policy planning and
development aid. There is, however, little gender-specific
E/CN.6/1998/2/Add.2
5
information and analysis on the situation of Palestinian
women with regard to, for example, the economy, social and
political life, human rights or violence.
29.
In the follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on
Women, the international community, including the United
Nations system, has provided assistance at various levels to
implement the recommendations contained in the Platform
for Action, to prepare a Palestinian strategy of action, to
collect data disaggregated by sex, and to establish women-
specific projects, particularly in the field of income
generation. Further efforts and assistance are needed to
implement the policies, in line with Economic and Social
Council agreed conclusions 1997/2 on mainstreaming a
gender perspective into all policies and programmes in the
United Nations system (see A/52/3, chap. IV, sect. A).
30.
As reflected in previous reports, the status and living
conditions of Palestinian women are closely linked with the
progress of the peace process. The present report indicates
that women in the occupied territories continue to be directly
affected in injurious ways by security measures and the
overall effects of occupation.
Notes
1 See Promoting poverty eradication and sustainable
development, paper presented at the United Nations
Seminar on Assistance to the Palestinian People, Amman,
20-22 May 1997 (SAPP(97)/6).
2 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-second
Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/52/13).