OECD Official Development Assistance Data
I. INTRODUCTION
1. At the second and third sessions of the Commission on Sustainable
Development (CSD), the Reporting Systems Division of the Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), at the request of the Department
for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development (DPCSD) of the United
Nations, provided Official Development Assistance (ODA) and other relevant
data on the basis of specifications prepared by DPCSD. The purpose was to
present sectoral information that might assist in CSD's ongoing effort at
monitoring the implementation of Agenda 21.
2. To continue to facilitate CSD's consideration of financial resources and
mechanisms, the OECD has updated the data through l993 for bilateral
commitments (data for l994 from two major donors have not been received yet)
and through l994 for multilateral commitments. In an effort to improve
comparability with the categories used in Agenda 21, the OECD extracted data
on commitments corresponding to a new allocation of its purpose codes to the
chapters of Agenda 21 according to the scheme prepared by DPCSD and described
in Annex 1. It should be noted that all official development finance
committed for development assistance is assumed for purposes of this exercise
to be for "sustainable development", the focus of the analysis being rather on
what changes in the allocation of financial assistance among the social,
economic and environmental components of sustainable development may have been
made in response to the challenges presented by Agenda 21.
3. To ensure consistency and comparability, two time series have been
prepared for each of the headings selected:
(a) Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors' combined ODA bilateral
commitments, 1980-1993;
(b) Multilateral institutions' combined commitments of ODA and loans on
non-concessional terms, 1980-1993.
4. As indicated in the introductions of previous years, the data for all
years exclude a significant volume of technical cooperation (TC). This
component is estimated to represent some 25 percent of the total commitments,
of which only a third to a quarter is reported in the Credit Reporting System
(CRS). Since different sectors have different volumes of TC commitments,
caution is required in making cross-sectoral comparisons. The higher the
input of TC, the greater the likelihood that the data understate the real
commitment level.
5. In addition, trend analysis may be affected by gaps in some years for some
countries and changes in the assignment of codes. Furthermore, the data have
not been adjusted to allow for changes in the purchasing power of the dollar.
With these caveats in mind, the tables attached are thought to reasonably
reflect overall trends.
II. TRENDS IN OFFICIAL FINANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
6. Both categories of official development finance on a commitment basis at
current prices and exchange rates covered in this note exhibit declining
trends in overall levels since 1991 (Tables 1 and 2). For a full discussion
of such developments in the context of the overall flow of financial resources
to developing countries, see the report of the Secretary-General, Financial
resources and mechanisms for sustainable development (E/CN.17/1996/4 and Add.
1). There is, however, some evidence of changing allocations of financial
assistance among various subcategories of areas covered in Agenda 21 when the
period from 1990 to 1993 (bilateral) or 1990 to 1994 (multilateral) is
compared with previous years.
7. Such changes can only have meaning when the subcategories in question
represent a substantial share of total commitment to begin with. Such
subcategories are: manufacturing, alternative energy, energy distribution and
conservation, land transport, communications, human health, technology
transfer and capacity building, education and training, agriculture, and
protection of fresh water resources. Environmental protection - which cuts
across Agenda 21 chapters - also accounts for a substantial share of total
commitments (Tables 3 and 4). Financial resources (programme support), which
- in the case of bilateral assistance - include debt relief, also represent
large shares in both bilateral and multilateral assistance. However, they
cannot be allocated among the different economic, social, environmental and
institutional categories used in Agenda 21.
8. When the recent period, beginning in 1990 is compared with previous years,
only a small number of trends towards changing shares be observed (Tables 3
and 4). In the case of both bilateral and multilateral commitments, there
appears to be a tendency for support to protection of freshwater resources to
increase and for support to agriculture to decline, for support to education
and training to increase, and for support to environmental protection as a
whole to increase. Although small in absolute and relative terms, support to
integrating environment and development in decision-making and to information
for decision-making appears to have increased since 1990.
Table 1: DAC Donors' Combined ODA Bilateral Commitments, 1980 - 1993
(US$ millions)
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1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
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I. Social and
Economic
Dimensions 6217 5406 5742 5405 6065 5179 6291
Accelerating
sustainable
development 5631 4813 5193 4885 5479 4435 5422
a) Manufacturing 738 800 654 671 598 607 837
b) Mining 45 2 15 22 10 26 15
c) Commerce 38 2 26 13 20 19 62
d) Traditional energy 237 284 448 492 624 367 317
e) Alternative energy 810 913 738 623 1131 568 663
f) Energy
distribution/
conservation 610 507 417 552 747 502 392
g) Sea transport 559 721 592 429 486 525 696
h) Land transport 1235 774 1165 1077 796 869 1017
i) Air transport 317 79 140 158 233 192 310
j) Communications 426 275 490 399 359 466 635
k) Miscellaneous 615 457 507 449 477 297 481
Combating
poverty 60 29 34 27 26 50 59
Demographic
dynamics 89 78 137 127 135 132 186
Protecting &
promoting
human health 191 395 329 307 292 468 482
Promoting
sustainable
human settlements 246 89 44 58 121 79 129
Integrating
environment and
development in
decision making 0 4 5 1 12 15 13
II. Conservation
& Management
of Resources 2305 2378 2177 2515 2802 2948 3029
Protection of
the atmosphere 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Land resources 31 40 102 75 136 130 47
Combating
deforestation 6 17 25 41 24 66 99
Combating
desertification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sustainable
agriculture 1213 1216 1095 1106 1276 1346 1402
Conservation
of biological
diversity 43 114 97 71 128 54 78
Protection of
oceans & seas 156 146 104 88 105 96 108
Protection of
freshwater
resources 857 845 755 1134 1132 1255 1296
Management of
hazardous & solid
wastes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Management of
radioactive
wastes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
III. Strengthening
the Role of
Major Groups 8 76 49 30 68 183 216
Promoting women's role
in sustainable
development 1 6 4 5 5 9 45
Strengthening the
role of NGOs 7 70 45 25 64 174 171
IV. Means of
Implementation 6769 6273 5806 5537 7305 7961 8901
Financial resources
& mechanisms 5892 5490 4822 4575 6141 6715 7568
Technology transfer
& capacity
building 426 238 498 348 372 280 420
Science for
sustainable
development 104 93 124 133 174 212 234
Promoting education
& training 335 437 340 473 591 713 671
Information for
decision-making 12 15 21 8 27 42 8
------------------------------------------------------
Sustainable
Development,
Total 15305 14136 13779 13541 16241 16282 18458
Emergency
assistance 133 174 223 222 434 327 509
--------------------------------------------------------
Total ODA
commitments 15991 14806 14629 14252 17437 17257 19787
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memo item:
environment
protection 8 2 5 54 1 12 19
Table 1 (cont'd): DAC Donors' Combined ODA Bilateral Commitments, 1980 - 1993
(US$ millions)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social and
Economic
Dimensions 9726 12859 10037 10569 14007 11278 12293
Accelerating
sustainable
development 8640 11571 8735 9069 12430 9501 10598
a) Manufacturing 874 1736 1235 841 1047 1241 992
b) Mining 108 80 46 19 70 14 11
c) Commerce 28 724 43 85 83 122 102
d) Traditional energy 1086 699 519 640 804 1313 751
e) Alternative energy 1086 1176 1037 736 2232 827 978
f) Energy distribution/
conservation 1018 1544 1094 1156 1382 487 1718
g) Sea transport 806 856 855 461 1237 818 424
h) Land transport 1823 1878 1823 2495 2220 1795 2446
i) Air transport 191 259 216 260 482 216 370
j) Communications 594 1454 927 1224 1096 1364 1165
k) Miscellaneous 1026 1165 938 1153 1775 1303 1640
Combating
poverty 76 62 59 48 68 136 106
Demographic
dynamics 178 151 140 192 165 237 261
Protecting & promoting
human health 646 877 832 807 781 882 909
Promoting sustainable
human settlements 182 189 253 120 203 171 200
Integrating environment
and development in
decision making 4 9 23 335 360 352 220
II. Conservation &
Management of
Resources 3882 5268 4027 4793 4169 4215 4628
Protection of the
atmosphere 0 0 0 480 1 2 0
Land resources 107 219 113 64 168 31 69
Combating
deforestation 67 61 49 73 47 153 174
Combating
desertification 0 0 2 1 2 9 8
Sustainable
agriculture 2130 2388 1870 2039 1371 1453 1351
Conservation of
biological diversity 68 265 132 117 304 289 130
Protection of
oceans & seas 173 220 177 121 235 182 225
Protection of
freshwater
resources 1337 2116 1682 1885 2037 2056 2597
Management of
hazardous &
solid wastes 0 0 2 14 3 39 74
Management of
radioactive wastes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
III. Strengthening the Role
of Major Groups 195 114 145 150 159 104 113
Promoting women's
role in sustainable
develpopment 37 10 22 33 45 31 39
Strengthening the
role of NGOs 158 103 123 117 114 74 75
IV. Means of
Implementation 9184 11069 9569 12127 17035 10565 10285
Financial resources
& mechanisms 7388 8872 6963 10315 14121 7762 8251
Technology transfer
& capacity
building 534 928 1474 435 1059 1311 759
Science for
sustainable
development 242 325 118 147 257 204 117
Promoting education
& training 998 898 943 1151 1532 1198 1050
Information for
decision-making 22 46 72 79 67 91 109
------------------------------------------------------
Sustainable development,
Total 23002 29348 23881 28367 35694 26672 27978
Emergency
assistance 555 502 414 574 568 648 508
------------------------------------------------------
Total ODA
commitments 24904 31116 25704 30082 37530 30321 29671
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memo item:
environment
protection 15 39 98 733 327 515 663
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Source: Credit Reporting System, OECD
Table 2: Multilateral Institutions' Combined Commitments of ODA and
Loans at Non-Concessional Terms
1980-1994 (US$ millions)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social and
Economic
Dimensions 7249 7218 9867 8671 8880 10059 10056
Accelerating
sustainable
development 6780 6457 9286 7456 8105 8584 7947
a) Manufacturing 1118 1139 816 710 739 677 1255
b) Mining 8 75 379 27 350 0 108
c) Commerce 17 46 9 809 410 437 180
d) Traditional energy 1508 863 1153 863 849 1120 335
e) Alternative energy 1123 895 1433 1544 1762 1626 1938
f) Energy distribution
/conservation 1250 1247 2429 1629 848 2198 1526
g) Sea transport 433 180 485 330 467 474 451
h) Land transport 1067 1457 1974 1200 1985 1857 1492
i) Air transport 45 70 30 30 20 14 23
j) Communications 144 365 420 107 240 121 358
k) Miscellaneous 69 120 158 207 434 59 280
Combating
poverty 0 0 23 183 8 0 0
Demographic
dynamics 35 0 0 3 0 139 0
Protecting & promoting
human health 119 166 83 164 213 240 246
Promoting sustainable
human settlements 315 595 463 814 539 1086 1613
Integrating environment
and development in
decision-making 0 0 12 51 15 11 250
II. Conservation &
Management of
Resources 5084 5167 5260 5722 5125 5552 6488
Protection of the
atmosphere 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Land resources 51 56 163 151 265 388 479
Combating
deforestation 90 0 35 12 2 242 62
Combating
desertification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sustainable
agriculture 2044 3108 2729 2906 2553 2686 3861
Conservation of
biological
diversity 59 45 182 106 111 137 53
Protection of
oceans & seas 246 120 117 162 100 34 171
Protection of
freshwater
resources 2594 1838 2036 2385 2094 2066 1863
Management of
hazardous &
solid wastes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Management of
radioactive
wastes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
III. Strengthening the
Role of Major Groups 10 0 0 16 0 142 0
Promoting women's role
in sustainable
development 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Strengthening the
role of NGOs 10 0 0 16 0 142 0
IV. Means of
Implementation 2898 4295 4460 5728 4433 5191 4878
Financial resources
& mechanisms 712 1259 1513 2255 1319 843 1509
Technology transfer &
capacity building 1428 2052 2193 2311 1917 2897 2463
Science for
sustainable
development 117 129 32 174 88 184 108
Promoting education
& training 635 856 722 939 1073 1137 799
Information for
decision-making 7 0 1 50 36 130 0
------------------------------------------------------
Sustainable development,
Total 15300 16681 19647 20144 18444 20945 21447
Emergency
assistance 27 21 66 95 215 46 0
------------------------------------------------------
Total ODA
commitments 16671 17546 20635 20795 20465 22161 23443
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Memo item: environment
protection 58 0 60 7 5 0 25
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Table 2 (cont'd): Multilateral Institutions' Combined Commitments of
ODA and Loans at Non-Concessional Terms
1986-1994 (US$ millions) 1/
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social and
Economic
Dimensions 12039 12546 12217 13230 15644 16798 11795 14556
Accelerating
sustainable
development 10302 9651 10595 9320 11895 13973 9917 11703
a) Manufacturing 1692 1989 3471 1372 2432 1522 364 1667
b) Mining 12 31 44 77 205 0 0 0
c) Commerce 1056 465 557 100 300 346 40 623
d) Traditional
energy 629 451 485 246 612 533 317 856
e) Alternative
energy 1776 1429 1718 1171 1009 2433 1259 1108
f) Energy
distribution/
conservation 1825 2721 972 2985 1725 2515 1492 1380
g) Sea transport 302 253 592 359 354 425 591 195
h) Land transport 2145 2036 2372 1590 2174 2038 2878 4489
i) Air transport 6 8 2 8 98 16 232 11
j) Communications 551 180 268 946 70 670 996 368
k) Miscellaneous 307 89 115 467 2917 3475 1748 1006
Combating
poverty 0 27 28 55 320 600 81 648
Demographic
dynamics 0 87 125 132 279 33 19 131
Protection & promoting
human health 172 538 470 1064 1276 560 1261 1033
Promoting sustainable
human settlements 1167 2184 999 2308 1450 1167 451 967
Integrating environment
and development in
decision-making 399 59 0 352 423 465 66 73
II. Conservation &
Management of
Resources 6758 5016 5406 6969 5324 6774 3315 6891
Protection of the
atmosphere 0 0 0 0 0 220 0 143
Land resources 862 538 185 57 33 230 66 434
Combating
deforestation 0 57 70 142 0 6 0 222
Combating
desertification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sustainable
agriculture 2937 2342 2921 3880 1689 3186 1395 2732
Conservation of
biological
diversity 293 367 109 419 86 816 28 53
Protection of
oceans & seas 183 41 148 62 129 153 58 1
Protection of
freshwater
resources 2482 1670 1973 2410 3387 2148 1768 3282
Management of
hazardous &
solid wastes 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 25
Management of
radioactive
wastes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
III. Strengthening the
Role of Major Groups 31 0 0 10 8 18 10 55
Promoting women's role
in sustainable
development 0 0 0 10 8 18 10 8
Strengthening the
role of NGOs 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 47
IV. Means of
Implementation 5362 6433 7799 7640 7896 5562 4563 4844
Financial resources
& mechanisms 2518 2664 2265 2292 1659 1650 869 1613
Technology transfer
& capacity
building 2019 2537 4032 3265 2980 1550 1692 428
Science for
sustainable
development 85 79 98 183 267 77 57 207
Promoting education
& training 741 1153 1404 1890 2749 2040 1924 2370
Information for
decision-making 0 0 0 12 242 245 21 227
-------------------------------------------------------
Sustainable development,
Total 24240 23995 25589 28018 29445 30681 20300 27518
Emergency
assistance 80 0 0 0 276 231 177 246
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total ODA
commitments 26182 25339 27594 29278 34583 33603 24351 28627
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memo item:
environment
protection 50 0 167 168 573 1529 617 1181
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: 1/ Provisional
Source: Credit Reporting System, OECD
Table 3: DAC Donors' Combined ODA Bilateral Commitments, 1980 - 1993
(Percentage shares)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social and
Economic
Dimension 40.62 38.24 41.67 39.91 37.34 31.81 34.08
Accelerating sustainable
development 36.79 34.05 37.69 36.07 33.74 27.24 29.38
a) Manufacturing 4.82 5.66 4.75 4.96 3.68 3.73 4.53
b) Mining 0.29 0.01 0.11 0.16 0.06 0.16 0.08
c) Commerce 0.25 0.01 0.19 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.33
d) Traditional energy 1.55 2.01 3.25 3.63 3.84 2.25 1.72
e) Alternative energy 5.29 6.46 5.36 4.60 6.96 3.49 3.59
f) Energy distribution/
conservation 3.99 3.59 3.03 4.07 4.60 3.08 2.12
g) Sea transport 3.65 5.10 4.30 3.17 2.99 3.22 3.77
h) Land transport 8.07 5.48 8.45 7.95 4.90 5.34 5.51
i) Air transport 2.07 0.56 1.02 1.17 1.43 1.18 1.68
j) Communications 2.78 1.95 3.56 2.95 2.21 2.86 3.44
k) Miscellaneous 4.02 3.24 3.68 3.32 2.94 1.82 2.61
Combating poverty 0.39 0.20 0.25 0.20 0.16 0.31 0.32
Demographic dynamics 0.58 0.55 1.00 0.94 0.83 0.81 1.01
Protecting & promoting
human health 1.24 2.79 2.39 2.27 1.80 2.87 2.61
Promoting sustainable
human settlements 1.60 0.63 0.32 0.43 0.75 0.48 0.70
Integrating environment
and development in
decision-making 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.07 0.09 0.07
II. Conservation &
Management of Resources 15.06 16.82 15.80 18.57 17.25 18.10 16.41
Protection of the
atmosphere 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Land resources 0.20 0.28 0.74 0.55 0.84 0.80 0.25
Combating
deforestation 0.04 0.12 0.18 0.30 0.15 0.41 0.54
Combating
desertification 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sustainable
agriculture 7.92 8.60 7.94 8.17 7.86 8.27 7.60
Conservation of
biological diversity 0.28 0.81 0.70 0.53 0.79 0.33 0.42
Protection of
oceans & seas 1.02 1.03 0.76 0.65 0.65 0.59 0.58
Protection of freshwater
resources 5.60 5.97 5.48 8.38 6.97 7.71 7.02
Management of hazardous
& solid wastes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Management of
radioactive wastes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
III. Strengthening the
Role of Major Groups 0.05 0.54 0.36 0.22 0.42 1.12 1.17
Promoting women's role
in sustainable
development 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.24
Strengthening the
role of NGOs 0.04 0.50 0.33 0.18 0.39 1.07 0.93
IV. Means of
Implementation 44.22 44.37 42.13 40.89 44.98 48.89 48.22
Financial resources
& mechanims 38.50 38.84 35.00 33.78 37.81 41.24 41.00
Technology transfer &
capacity building 2.78 1.68 3.61 2.57 2.29 1.72 2.28
Science for sustainable
development 0.68 0.66 0.90 0.98 1.07 1.30 1.27
Promoting education
& training 2.19 3.09 2.47 3.49 3.64 4.38 3.63
Information for
decision-making 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.06 0.17 0.26 0.05
--------------------------------------------------
Sustainable development,
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memo item: environmental
protection 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.88 0.01 0.07 0.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3 (cont'd): DAC Donors' Combined ODA Bilateral Commitments,
1980 - 1993 (Percentage shares)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social and Economic
Dimensions 42.28 43.81 42.03 37.26 39.24 42.28 43.94
Accelerating sustainable
development 37.56 39.43 36.58 31.97 34.82 35.62 37.88
a) Manufacturing 3.80 5.92 5.17 2.96 2.93 4.65 3.55
b) Mining 0.47 0.27 0.19 0.07 0.20 0.05 0.04
c) Commerce 0.12 2.47 0.18 0.30 0.23 0.46 0.36
d) Traditional energy 4.72 2.38 2.17 2.26 2.25 4.92 2.68
e) Alternative energy 4.72 4.01 4.34 2.59 6.25 3.10 3.50
f) Energy distribution/
conservation 4.43 5.26 4.58 4.07 3.87 1.83 6.14
g) Sea transport 3.50 2.92 3.58 1.62 3.47 3.07 1.52
h) Land transport 7.93 6.40 7.63 8.79 6.22 6.73 8.74
i) Air transport 0.83 0.88 0.90 0.92 1.35 0.81 1.32
j) Communications 2.58 4.95 3.88 4.31 3.07 5.12 4.16
k) Miscellaneous 4.46 3.97 3.93 4.06 4.97 4.88 5.86
Combating poverty 0.33 0.21 0.25 0.17 0.19 0.51 0.38
Demographic dynamics 0.77 0.52 0.59 0.68 0.46 0.89 0.93
Protecting & promoting
human health 2.81 2.99 3.49 2.84 2.19 3.31 3.25
Promoting sustainable
human settlements 0.79 0.64 1.06 0.42 0.57 0.64 0.71
Integrating environment
and development in
decision-making 0.02 0.03 0.10 1.18 1.01 1.32 0.79
II. Conservation and
Management of Resources 16.88 17.95 16.86 16.90 11.68 15.80 16.54
Protection of the
atmosphere 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.69 0.00 0.01 0.00
Land resources 0.46 0.75 0.47 0.22 0.47 0.12 0.25
Combating
deforestation 0.29 0.21 0.21 0.26 0.13 0.57 0.62
Combating
desertification 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03
Sustainable
agriculture 9.26 8.14 7.83 7.19 3.84 5.45 4.83
Conservation of
biological diversity 0.29 0.90 0.55 0.41 0.85 1.08 0.46
Protection of
oceans & seas 0.75 0.75 0.74 0.43 0.66 0.68 0.80
Protection of
freshwater resources 5.81 7.21 7.04 6.65 5.71 7.71 9.28
Management of hazardous
& solid wastes 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.14 0.26
Management of radioactive
wastes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
III. Strengthening the
Role of Major Groups 0.85 0.39 0.61 0.53 0.44 0.39 0.40
Promoting women's role
in sustainable
development 0.16 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.14
Strengthening the
role of NGOs 0.69 0.35 0.52 0.41 0.32 0.28 0.27
IV. Means of
Implementation 39.93 37.72 40.07 42.75 47.72 39.61 36.76
Financial resources
& mechanisms 32.12 30.23 29.15 36.36 39.56 29.10 29.49
Technology transfer
& capacity building 2.32 3.16 6.17 1.53 2.97 4.91 2.71
Science for sustainable
development 1.05 1.11 0.49 0.52 0.72 0.77 0.42
Promoting education
& training 4.34 3.06 3.95 4.06 4.29 4.49 3.75
Information for
decision-making 0.10 0.16 0.30 0.28 0.19 0.34 0.39
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sustainable development,
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memo item: environmental
protection 0.06 0.13 0.41 2.58 0.91 1.93 2.36
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Credit Reporting System, OECD
Table 4: Multilateral Institutions' Combined Commitments of ODA and
Loans at Non-Concessional Terms
1980-1994 (Percentage shares)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Social and
Economic Dimensions 47.38 43.27 50.22 43.04 48.15 48.03 46.89
Accelerating sustainable
development 44.31 38.71 47.26 37.02 43.95 40.98 37.05
a) Manufacturing 7.31 6.83 4.15 3.52 4.01 3.23 5.85
b) Mining 0.05 0.45 1.93 0.14 1.90 0.00 0.50
c) Commerce 0.11 0.27 0.04 4.02 2.22 2.09 0.84
d) Traditional energy 9.86 5.18 5.87 4.29 4.60 5.35 1.56
e) Alternative energy 7.34 5.37 7.29 7.66 9.56 7.76 9.04
f) Energy distribution/
conservation 8.17 7.47 12.36 8.09 4.60 10.50 7.12
g) Sea transport 2.83 1.08 2.47 1.64 2.53 2.26 2.10
h) Land transport 6.97 8.74 10.05 5.96 10.76 8.87 6.95
i) Air transport 0.29 0.42 0.15 0.15 0.11 0.07 0.11
j) Communications 0.94 2.19 2.14 0.53 1.30 0.58 1.67
k) Miscellaneous 0.45 0.72 0.81 1.03 2.35 0.28 1.31
Combating poverty 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.91 0.04 0.00 0.00
Demographic dynamics 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.66 0.00
Protecting & promoting
human health 0.78 1.00 0.42 0.81 1.16 1.15 1.15
Promoting sustainable
human settlements 2.06 3.57 2.36 4.04 2.92 5.18 7.52
Integrating environment
and development in
decision-making 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.25 0.08 0.05 1.17
II. Conservation &
Management of
Resources 33.23 30.98 26.77 28.40 27.79 26.51 30.25
Protection of the
atmosphere 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Land resources 0.33 0.34 0.83 0.75 1.44 1.85 2.23
Combating
deforestation 0.59 0.00 0.18 0.06 0.01 1.16 0.29
Combating
desertification 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sustainable
agriculture 13.36 18.63 13.89 14.43 13.84 12.82 18.00
Conservation of
biological diversity 0.39 0.27 0.92 0.53 0.60 0.65 0.25
Protection of
oceans & seas 1.61 0.72 0.59 0.80 0.54 0.16 0.80
Protection of
freshwater resources 16.96 11.02 10.36 11.84 11.35 9.86 8.69
Management of hazardous
& solid wastes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Management of
radioactive wastes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
III. Strengthening the
Role of Major Groups 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.68 0.00
Promoting women's role
in sustainable
development 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Strengthening the
role of NGOs 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.68 0.00
IV. Means of
Implementation 18.94 25.75 22.70 28.44 24.04 24.79 22.74
Financial resources
& mechanisms 4.65 7.55 7.70 11.19 7.15 4.03 7.04
Technology transfer
& capacity building 9.33 12.30 11.16 11.47 10.40 13.83 11.48
Science for sustainable
development 0.77 0.77 0.16 0.86 0.48 0.88 0.50
Promoting education
& training 4.15 5.13 3.67 4.66 5.82 5.43 3.72
Information for
decision-making 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.20 0.62 0.00
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Sustainable development,
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
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Memo item: environmental
protection 0.38 0.0 0.30 0.03 0.03 0.0 0.12
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Table 4 (cont'd): Multilateral Institutions' Combined Commitments of
ODA and Loans at Non-Concessional Terms
1986-1994 (Percentage shares)
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
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I. Social and
Economic
Dimensions 49.67 52.29 47.74 47.22 53.13 54.75 58.10 52.89
Accelerating
sustainable
development 42.50 40.22 41.41 33.27 40.40 45.54 48.85 42.53
a) Manufacturing 6.98 8.29 13.56 4.90 8.26 4.96 1.79 6.06
b) Mining 0.05 0.13 0.17 0.28 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00
c) Commerce 4.35 1.94 2.18 0.36 1.02 1.13 0.20 2.26
d) Traditional
energy 2.60 1.88 1.89 0.88 2.08 1.74 1.56 3.11
e) Alternative
energy 7.33 5.95 6.72 4.18 3.43 7.93 6.20 4.03
f) Energy
distribution/
conservation 7.53 11.34 3.80 10.65 5.86 8.20 7.35 5.02
g) Sea transport 1.24 1.06 2.32 1.28 1.20 1.39 2.91 0.71
h) Land transport 8.85 8.48 9.27 5.68 7.38 6.64 14.18 16.31
i) Air transport 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.33 0.05 1.14 0.04
j) Communications 2.27 0.75 1.05 3.38 0.24 2.18 4.90 1.34
k) Miscellaneous 1.27 0.37 0.45 1.67 9.90 11.32 8.61 3.65
Combating poverty 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.20 1.09 1.95 0.40 2.35
Demographic
dynamics 0.00 0.36 0.49 0.47 0.95 0.11 0.09 0.48
Protecting & promoting
human health 0.71 2.24 1.84 3.80 4.33 1.83 6.21 3.75
Promoting sustainable
human settlements 4.81 9.10 3.90 8.24 4.92 3.80 2.22 3.52
Integrating
environment and
development in
decision-making 1.65 0.25 0.00 1.26 1.44 1.52 0.32 0.27
II. Conservation &
Management of
Resources 27.88 20.90 21.13 24.87 18.08 22.08 16.33 25.04
Protection of
the atmosphere 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.00 0.52
Land resources 3.56 2.24 0.72 0.20 0.11 0.75 0.33 1.58
Combating
deforestation 0.00 0.24 0.27 0.51 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.81
Combating
desertification 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sustainable
agriculture 12.11 9.76 11.41 13.85 5.73 10.38 6.87 9.93
Conservation of
biological
diversity 1.21 1.53 0.43 1.49 0.29 2.66 0.14 0.19
Protection of
oceans & seas 0.76 0.17 0.58 0.22 0.44 0.50 0.29 0.00
Protection of
freshwater
resources 10.24 6.96 7.71 8.60 11.50 7.00 8.71 11.92
Management of
hazardous &
solid wastes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.09
Management of
radioactive
wastes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
III. Strengthening
the Role of
Major Groups 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.20
Promoting women's
role in sustainable
development 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.03
Strengthening the
role of NGOs 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17
IV. Means of
Implementation 22.12 26.81 30.48 27.27 26.82 18.13 22.48 17.60
Financial resources
& mechanisms 10.39 11.10 8.85 8.18 5.63 5.38 4.28 5.86
Technology transfer
& capacity
building 8.33 10.57 15.76 11.65 10.12 5.05 8.33 1.56
Science for
sustainable
development 0.35 0.33 0.38 0.65 0.91 0.25 0.28 0.75
Promoting education
& training 3.06 4.81 5.49 6.74 9.34 6.65 9.48 8.61
Information for
decision-making 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.82 0.80 0.10 0.82
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Sustainable development,
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memo item:
environmental
protection 0.21 0.0 0.65 0.60 1.95 4.98 3.04 4.29
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1/ Provisional
Source: Credit Reporting System, OECD
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