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Abstract: With the rapid increase in life expectancy and improvement of health conditions in many countries of the region, a considerable proportion of senior citizens have the potential for greater self-reliance and for making contributions to their families and communities in terms of socio-economic development. This volume contains the report and selected background papers from the Expert Group Meeting on Local-level Policy Development for Dealing with the Consequences of Population Ageing, which was held at Pune,India from to 4 September 1992. It contains selected papers covering the situation in the region as well as from Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Republic of Korea, Thailand and Viet Nam.
Abstract: This case study of the characteristics of the aged in Bangladesh was a by-product of a regional ESCAP meeting on local level policy development and the consequences of population ageing. Guidelines were developed for conducting this case study in Bangladesh and in a few other Asian and Pacific countries. The general framework detailed coverage of the study, strategic information on local areas, profiles of the elderly, assessment of the economic potential of the elderly, and program and policy development. Study teams followed up with a national workshop on policy development. This Bangladesh case study included a purposive sample of 342 rural men and 158 rural women: 76.2% were aged 60-69 years and 23.8% were aged over 70 years. The population was drawn from 5 thanas: Shamrai and Sharisabari of Dhaka division, Begumgonj of Chittagong division, Mohadevpur of Rajshahi division, and Tala of Khulna division. Findings about the elderly were that a little over 70% still had living spouses. The average family size was 5.88 members. About 55% had their own living arrangements; about 25% lived with sons and about 11% lived with daughters. 71.4% received most of their support from siblings. 52% were literate. 85% owned a home of some kind (mostly tin sheds). 40% had electricity. Slightly more than 28% had sealed and sanitary toilet facilities. 71% obtained water from tubewells. 40% were still working, and many did not work for health reasons. 25% of those not working considered themselves secure. Respondents considered 50-60 years a reasonable age for stopping work. 44% considered assimilation of younger workers a reason for stopping work. 88.4% agreed that the elderly had lower productivity than younger workers. Religious activity was thought to be time-consuming. Few were aware of deposit pension plans, medical insurance, and other programs for the elderly. 66% desired a higher standard of living and 16.6% were content with their present living conditions. 77.5% of those still working were interested in a continuation of work. Most had little land holdings and none had monetary assets. 78% of household budgets were spent on food. 33% desired government support for the elderly. In 1990, the elderly constituted around 5% of total population, or 5.4 million people; numbers should triple in 30 years. 13 policy recommendations were made for government support of the aged.
Abstract: This case study of the living and sicio-economic conditions of the aged in India followed guidelines prepared at the ESCAP First Global Conference of the International Federation on Ageing. This report provided chapters on survey methology, a socio-economic profile of the elderly in India, an economic and deevelopment profile of the elderly in study sites, survey findings, and policy recommeendations.
Abstract: This case study of a selected rural and urban elderly population in Indonesia followed guidelines established by an ESCAP group devoted to issues concerned population ageing. The report provided coverage of the following topics: survey methodology, literature review, elderly profiles for Asia and Indonesia, conditions in the research areas, study findings, and recommendations. The research areas included two rural areas (Metro Regency in Lampung province and Sukohardjo Regency in Central Java) and two urban areas (Bogor Regency West Java and Pasuruan in East Java). Multi-stage sampling was used to draw respondents who were senior citizens and policy makers from 4 villages for each of the four districts; the total sample was 400 persons. The elderly were grouped among those aged 60-69 years, 70-79 years, or 80 years and older, and categorized as senile, productive, or destitute and old. Research findings indicated that only 1.5% of the elderly lived on their own, and 43.7% were visited frequently by their children. 53% had dependent children and 84.2% occupied their own houses. 61.5% remained active in religious and civic affairs. 56.7% reported that young people had changed and become more distant. 71.7% reported good or excellent health. 3% reported poor health. 39% reported an illness in the 6 months prior to the survey. 58.5% earned sufficient self-employment income to meet their daily needs. 27.5% received income support from children or in-laws. 62.25% were gainfully employed, of which 16.46% desired a stop to work. 50.6% of the 249 working respondents reported obstacles to continued employment. 54.25 reported a need for assistance or support in their employment: working capital and moral support. In 1989, a Working Group on Senior Citizens Welfare was created to improve the welfare of the elderly. The expected number of in elderly population was estimated to be about 24 million in 2015, which would be about 10% of total population. Policy recommendations were grouped into three general areas: economic activities, social activities, and health. The general recommendations were for upholding the principle of self-reliance for the family, for preparing the elderly mentally for retirement, and for securing additional funding for follow-up research on the elderly.
Abstract: This publication contains the results of the study for Pakistan which has been undertaken to assess the conditions of the elderly with a view to assess the possibilities of enhancing their self reliance and for helping them to make social and economic contributions in the developmental process.
Abstract: There is a great need to increase budget, personnel and central support for the programmes directed to the care of the elderly. Communities and families should take major responsibility for the care of the elderly. Legislation is needed for free medical treatment in government hospitals and reduced-fare train tickets for the elderly. The national committee on policy for elderly should be revised and its functions be carefully established with decentralized policy and distribution of the work load. Community authorities should revise their policies in coordination with national policies. Special emphasis should be given to information centres, local elderly centres, volunteer registration, jobs and training, social and welfare centres and health service centres.
Abstract: This report of the survey in Viet Nam reviews the situation of population ageing and local development policy for the elderly, and include recommendations on local policies and programmes for integrating the elderly into the development process.
Abstract: This booklet, produced jointly with JOICFP as part of the UNFPA-funded project entitled "Promotion of Awareness and Policy Formulation on Ageing" is a follow-up activity to the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. It contains a wealth of data and information about ageing in the ESCAP region. It is aimed at creating greater awareness among planners and policy makers of the major issues of population ageing. It is illustrated with numerous graphs and tables related to social and economic issues as they pertain to ageing.
Abstract: This volume contains the Report of the Regional Seminar on Population Ageing and Development, held at Bangkok from 11 to 14 December 1995. The main purpose of the Seminar was to disseminate information about a regional study on population ageing and development undertaken in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Thailand and Viet Nam, and to develop policy recommendations for integration of the elderly in the development process. The Report also contains selected background papers that were presented at the Seminar.
Abstract: This volume contains eight studies plus an introduction and summary that are focused on a number of issues related to population ageing. It is aimed at providing a thorough analysis of the major population ageing issues as they pertain to the region and focuses on the challenges of the next century with regard to those issues.
Abstract: This reference volume, which covers the period 1978-1995, is designed to provide bibliographic information relating to population ageing issues contained in government publications and reports, monographs, research papers, training manuals, journal articles, meeting reports and the like. Although the primary focus is on countries in the Asian and Pacific region, the Bibliography also includes material at the international, regional and subregional levels.
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